Glycine origin of the methyl substituent on C7'-N of octodiose for the biosynthesis of apramycin

Apramycin is unique in the aminoglycoside family due to its octodiose moiety. However, either the biosynthesis process or the precursors involved are largely unknown. Addition of glycine, as well as serine or threonine, to the Streptomyces tenebrabrius UD2 fermentation medium substantially increases the production of apramycin with little effect on the growth of mycelia, indicating that glycine and/or serine might be involved in the biosynthesis of apramycin. The 13C-NMR analysis of [2-13C] glycine-fed (25% enrichment) apramycin showed that glycine specifically and efficiently incorporated into the only N-CH3 substituent of apramycin on the C7' of the octodiose moiety. We noticed that the in vivo concentration of S-adenosyl methionine increased in parallel with the addition of glycine, while the addition of methione in the fermentation medium significantly decreased the productivity of apramycin. Therefore, the methyl donor function of glycine is proposed to be involved in the methionine cycle but methionine itself was proposed to inhibit the methylation and methyl transfer processes as previously reported for the case of rapamycin. The 15N NMR spectra of [2-13C,15N]serine labeled apramycin indicated that serine may also act as a limiting precursor contributing to the -NH2 substituents of apramycin.     

不同作物轮作对连作高粱生长及其根际土壤环境的影响

以高粱连作5年为对照(CK),研究了高粱连作3年轮作苜蓿(T₁)和葱(T₂),对下茬高粱生长、根际土壤微生物及土壤酶活性的影响.结果表明:与CK相比,轮作改善了高粱地上部的生长;T₁增产16.5%,效果明显.轮作也促进了高粱根系的生长,T₁和T₂处理的高粱总根长是CK的1.3和1.4倍,根总表面积是CK的1.6和1.5倍,根体积是CK的2.2和1.6倍,根系生物量是CK的2.0和1.3倍,T₁促进了根系在10 cm以下土层中的分布.借助Biolog法对穗花期根际土壤微生物群落功能多样性分析表明,T₁和T₂处理根际土壤微生物活性显著高于CK,且Shannon多样性指数分别是CK的1.2和1.1倍;轮作提高了根际土壤蔗糖酶活性.综上,轮作苜蓿比轮作葱更能改善高粱根际土壤环境,提高土壤微生物活性和酶活性,控制高粱连作障碍,提高高粱产量.     

Composition and structure of nucleolar skeleton (nucleolar matrix)——Actin and fibrillarin are two main protein components of nucleolar skeleton

Purified nucleoli of HeLa cells were treated sequentially with nonionic detergent, nucleic acid enzyme, low salt and high salt. The residual nucleolar structure termed nucleolar skeleton (nucleolar matrix) was shown as a fine network under electron microscope with DGD embedding-unembedding technique. Such structures of BHK-21 cell and mouse liver cell are similar to that of HeLa cell. The protein composition of the nucleolar skeleton of HeLa cells was analyzed. The protein composition of such nucleolar residual shows obvious difference from the compositions of nuclear matrix and chromosome scaffold. The major protein composition of the nucleolar skeleton of HeLa cells contains 6-7 polypeptides. Their molecular weights are about 48, 43, 36 and 33 ku. Further studies show that actin and fib-rillarin are two major protein components of nucleolar skeleton of HeLa cells.     

观音座莲目的角质层特征

运用扫描电镜和光学显微镜对观音座莲目4种(属)植物的叶角质层进行了研究。结果表明,其间存在明显共性:表皮构造均为单面气孔式,上下表皮细胞垂周壁皆呈不同程度的波状起伏,气孔器类型皆为环列型。需要指出的是观音座莲目的全部6属植物均具环列型的气孔器,这表明该特征在目一级水平上具有重要的分类学及系统学意义。同时天星蕨属的角质层特征进一步支持了将天星蕨属上升为天星蕨科的观点。     

7株绿僵菌防治德国小蠊的毒力筛选

本文用7个绿僵菌(Metarhizium)菌株对德国小蠊Blattella germanica(Linnaeus)进行注射生测,筛选出了一个致病菌株进行五代复壮选育.该株绿僵菌Metarhizium anisopli-ae(Metsch)Sorokin复壮前对雌雄成虫注射生测LD50依次为13.2与8.9天;复壮后对雌雄成虫背部点滴生测12天的LD50值均为1.3×105孢子/虫.通过CP包埋剂制作石蜡切片对僵虫体内菌丝核和体表孢子堆进行了观察.     

喜马拉雅-横断山区优越虎耳草谱系地理学研究

利用叶绿体DNA非基因编码区rpl20-rps12和trnL-trnF作为分子标记,对喜马拉雅-横断山区优越虎耳草13个居群151个个体进行谱系地理学研究,旨在揭示优越虎耳草现有的遗传结构及其演化历程。共检测到19个单倍型,其中63%的单倍型为居群特有单倍型。研究还发现,优越虎耳草居群总的遗传多样性较高（H_t=0.868）,居群内平均遗传多样性较低（H_s=0.466）。分子变异分析（AMOVA）表明,优越虎耳草居群57.37%的遗传变异来自居群内,居群间遗传变异为42.63%。居群遗传分化系数N_st大于G_st（N_st=0.463,G_st=0.438,P>0.05）,但不显著,表明优越虎耳草在其整个分布范围内没有明显的谱系地理结构。中性检验结果表明,Tajima's D为负值（-1.348 32,P>0.05）而Fu's F_s*为正值（18.915 72,P>0.05）,但均不显著,结合歧点分布分析发现该物种在整个分布范围内未经历过居群扩张。此外,在本研究中优越虎耳草遗传多样性和核苷酸多样性较高的居群及大量特有单倍型在整个分布范围内随机分布,符合"微型避难所"假说。优越虎耳草居群在冰期可能随气候波动而发生分布范围的不断变化,最终在相互隔离的"高山岛屿"中发生异域分化,导致大量特有单倍型产生。因此,推测优越虎耳草与其生境中的乔木和灌木可能具有相似的谱系地理历史,它们可为优越虎耳草提供微型避难所而使之在冰期时保留下来。     

人白血病抑制因子在原核细胞中的表达与纯化

研究证明人白血病抑制因子(hLIF)是一种对多种不同类型的细胞和组织具有重要功能的细胞因子,其独特的生物学特性使其被广泛应用。介绍了自制的具有生物活性的hLIF,将hLIF基因克隆到pET32a中,并利用硫氧还蛋白(Trx)作为融合配体,在大肠杆菌中成功表达可溶性融合蛋白Trx-hLIF。亲和层析纯化后利用SDS-PAGE和Western blot对纯化结果进行检验。利用肠激酶(EK酶)切割融合蛋白,释放hLIF,随后通过简单的阳离子交换得到纯度高达98.1%的hLIF4.75mg。小鼠M1髓系白血病细胞增殖分析测定纯化的rhLIF的功能与hLIF具有相似的生物活性,EC50为5ng/ml,对应的比活性为0.5×107 IU/mg。     

宁夏回、汉族皮纹学研究(Ⅱ)——掌纹

采用随机整体抽样方法分析了宁夏回、汉族掌纹样本共计614份,回族262人(男性129人,女性133人),汉族352人(男性206人,女性146人).结果表明:1)宁夏回族tPD值显著高于汉族(P<0.01),两民族tPD与atd均呈高度相关;2)两民族间手大、小鱼际出现率均无显著差异,但左手出现率显著高于右手(P<0.01);3)宁夏回族左手掌主线指数显著高于汉族(P<0.01),两民族均表现C线发育不良的出现率显著低于C线缺失的出现频率;4)宁夏回、汉族五种掌褶纹类型的出现率在两民族间均未出现统计学差异;5)不同地区回族大鱼际出现率差异显著.