Alkaloids from the leaves of Strychnos wallichiana

The leaves of Strychnos wallichiana Steud. ex. DC. from Bangladesh contain icajine and novacine as their major alkaloids. Smaller amounts of strychnine, brucine, pseudostrychnine, pseudobrucine, N-methyl-sec.-pseudo-β-colubrine, 14-hydroxyicajine, strychnine N-oxide, and brucine N-oxide are also present. The new bases 14 hydroxynovacine and icajine N-oxide have been isolated.     

Comparative Effect of Oxygen and Nitrate on Protoporphyrin and Heme Synthesis from Δ-Amino Levulinic Acid in Bacterial Cultures

Pseudomonas aeruginosa and P. denitrificans accumulate more protoheme and considerably more protoporphyrin during anaerobic growth under denitrifying conditions than during aerobic growth. In Escherichia coli, the small accumulation of protoporphyrin and protoheme which occurs during anaerobic growth is slightly stimulated by nitrate and markedly stimulated by oxygen.     

Presence of sex steroid receptors in normal breast of human females.

Receptors for estradiol, progesterone and dihydrotestosterone have been demonstrated in normal growing breasts of young females below 25 years.     

Differential susceptibilities of spinal cord neurons to retinoic acid-induced survival and differentiation

In a previous study, we demonstrated trophic effects of vitamin A and its active metabolite, retinoic acid (RA), on perinatal rat spinal cord neurons and astrocytes in vitro. We now report that RA increases the survival of cholinergic neurons without affecting that of GABAergic neurons. These results were supported by measured levels of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) activities, key enzymes of acetylcholine and gamma-aminobutyric acid metabolism, respectively, which showed RA-induced increases in AChE and ChAT levels but no elevations of GAD activity. In contrast to these phenotype-specific effects, most neurons showed RA-induced increases in neuritic outgrowth, density, and silver impregnation. Taken together, these results demonstrate neurotransmitter-specific and generalized effects of RA on developing CNS neurons.     

Methodology to select a set of urban sustainability indicators to measure the state of the city,and performance assessment

This paper proposes a methodology for establishing a set of sustainability indicators as a baseline to measure the state of a city, and after appropriate actions are taken, to assess performance, to determine if changes point to improvements regarding goals. The methodology starts with choosing a procedure for identification, scope, evaluation, and level of indicators to build the initial dataset. As a second step, produces a reduced set of indicators, complying with all criteria imposed, and selected under the condition of extracting the maximum amount of information from the initial dataset.     

Regulation of natural killer cell activity by macrophages in the rheumatoid joint and peripheral blood

Recently, in another study, we observed that indomethacin, a prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor, significantly increased NK activity in both normal and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) peripheral blood (PB) but not in RA synovial fluid (SF). Because macrophages are a major source of prostaglandins, we examined the effect of macrophage-enriched adherent cells (AC) on NK activity as measured by a 3-hr Cr-release assay with K 562 cells. The removal of AC resulted in increased (p less than 0.01) NK activity in both normal and RA PB. In contrast, the removal of AC from RA SF resulted in a significant decrease (p less than 0.001) of NK activity. By using only nonadherent cells (NAC), NK activity in RA SF and synovial tissue (ST) was significantly reduced when compared to autologous RA PB (p less than 0.001). Enhancement of NK activity of SF NAC by both poly I:C and IL 2 was not dependent on AC. Mixing experiments demonstrated that the addition of synovial AC for 16 hr increased NK activity of synovial NAC to a level similar to that of unseparated mononuclear cells, whereas autologous PB AC suppressed NK activity of PB NAC. PB AC, when added to SF NAC, also increased NK activity. Supernatants from synovial mononuclear cells were stimulatory of synovial NAC NK activity, whereas normal PB mononuclear supernatants were suppressive. These observations document 1) a significant reduction of NAC-mediated NK activity in the rheumatoid joint as compared to PB from the same patient, and 2) that AC modulate NK activity differently in the rheumatoid joint as compared to RA or normal PB.