74.
The major histocompatibility complex (
MHC) contains at least a hundred genes over 4 megabases of DNA. Within the
MHC there are several new multigene families which have been recently described.
PERB11 is a multigene family which occurs over the class I and central region of the
MHC. Two members of the family have been shown to be functional and share domains with members of the supergene family including
HLA class I, FcRn, and Zn-α2-glycoprotein molecules. The two functional members are contained within an area of the
MHC which has been associated with increased susceptibility to autoimmune diseases such as insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
and also rapid progression to AIDS following HIV-1 infection. Intralocus and interlocus differences between
PERB11.1 and
PERB11.2 include: (1) several nucleotide substitutions leading to amino acid changes; (2) presence and absence of potential glycosylation
sites; (3) insertions and deletions leading to a frame shift resulting in diversity at the amino acid level and an early termination
signal. There are ten different alleles of
PERB11.1 including one allele which contains a frame shift in the transmembrane region causing a putative truncated molecule lacking
the cytoplasmic tail. The significance of this polymorphism in disease associations is under investigation. The most divergent
domain is the transmembrane region when
PERB11.1 and
PERB11.2 are compared. The results suggest that these two molecules may have different functions.
Received: 23 July 1996 / Revised: 17 September 1996
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