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61.
Esme Robinson Alistair Jerrett Suzanne Black William Davison 《Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology》2013,199(7):611-617
We investigated the effect of environmental hypoxia on vision in snapper (Pagrus auratus). Juvenile snapper inhabit estuarine environments where oxygen conditions fluctuate on a seasonal basis. Optomotor experiments demonstrated that visual acuity is impaired by environmental hypoxia, but not until levels approach the critical oxygen tension (P crit) of this species (around 25 % air-saturated seawater). In 100, 80, and 60 % air-saturated seawater, a positive optomotor response was present at a minimum separable angle (M SA) of 1°. In 40 % air-saturated seawater, vision was partially impaired with positive responses at M SAs of 2° and above. However, in 25 % air-saturated seawater, visual acuity was seriously impaired, with positive responses only present at M SAs of 6° and above. Snapper were found to possess a choroid rete, facilitating the maintenance of high ocular oxygen partial pressures (PO2) during normoxia and moderate hypoxia (PO2, between 269 and 290 mmHg). However, at 40 and 25 % water oxygen saturation, ocular PO2 was reduced to below 175 mmHg, which is perhaps linked to impairment of visual acuity in these conditions. The ability to preserve visual function during moderate hypoxia is beneficial for the maintenance of a visual lifestyle in the fluctuating oxygen environments of estuaries. 相似文献
62.
Colin Butter Karen Staines Andrew van Hateren T. Fred Davison Jim Kaufman 《Immunogenetics》2013,65(8):609-618
In contrast to typical mammals, the chicken MHC (the BF-BL region of the B locus) has strong genetic associations with resistance and susceptibility to infectious pathogens as well as responses to vaccines. We have shown that the chicken MHC encodes a single dominantly expressed class I molecule whose peptide-binding motifs can determine resistance to viral pathogens, such as Rous sarcoma virus and Marek’s disease virus. In this report, we examine the response to a molecular defined vaccine, fp-IBD1, which consists of a fowlpox virus vector carrying the VP2 gene of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) fused with β-galactosidase. We vaccinated parental lines and two backcross families with fp-IBD1, challenged with the virulent IBDV strain F52/70, and measured damage to the bursa. We found that the MHC haplotype B15 from line 15I confers no protection, whereas B2 from line 61 and B12 from line C determine protection, although another locus from line 61 was also important. Using our peptide motifs, we found that many more peptides from VP2 were predicted to bind to the dominantly expressed class I molecule BF2*1201 than BF2*1501. Moreover, most of the peptides predicted to bind BF2*1201 did in fact bind, while none bound BF2*1501. Using peptide vaccination, we identified one B12 peptide that conferred protection to challenge, as assessed by bursal damage and viremia. Thus, we show the strong genetic association of the chicken MHC to a T cell vaccine can be explained by peptide presentation by the single dominantly expressed class I molecule. 相似文献
63.
64.
Vilizzi Lorenzo Copp Gordon H. Adamovich Boris Almeida David Chan Joleen Davison Phil I. Dembski Samuel Ekmekçi F. Güler Ferincz Árpád Forneck Sandra C. Hill Jeffrey E. Kim Jeong-Eun Koutsikos Nicholas Leuven Rob S. E. W. Luna Sergio A. Magalhães Filomena Marr Sean M. Mendoza Roberto Mourão Carlos F. Neal J. Wesley Onikura Norio Perdikaris Costas Piria Marina Poulet Nicolas Puntila Riikka Range Inês L. Simonović Predrag Ribeiro Filipe Tarkan Ali Serhan Troca Débora F. A. Vardakas Leonidas Verreycken Hugo Vintsek Lizaveta Weyl Olaf L. F. Yeo Darren C. J. Zeng Yiwen 《Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries》2019,29(3):529-568
Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries - The freshwater Fish Invasiveness Screening Kit (FISK) has been applied in 35 risk assessment areas in 45 countries across the six inhabited continents (11... 相似文献
65.
On September 22, 2017, “Engaging the Forgotten Parent: Conference of Experts on Fathers’ Role in Children’s Weight‐Related Behaviours and Outcomes” brought researchers, students, health professionals, community stakeholders, and knowledge users from Canada, Australia, and the United States together to Toronto, Ontario, for a 1‐day gathering focused on furthering scientific understanding of effective strategies to recruit, engage, and retain fathers in family‐based obesity research. Furthermore this conference focused on identifying key knowledge gaps and opportunities for collaborative research to further our understanding of fathers’ roles in the development of their children’s behaviors and weight outcomes. The following four themes emerged from the conference: (1) underrepresentation of fathers in family‐based obesity research, (2) fathers’ engagement in children’s weight‐related behaviors and desire to participate in research, (3) best practices in recruiting, engaging, and retaining fathers in research, and (4) key lessons learned from fatherhood research in developmental science. 相似文献
66.
Wordsworth S Buchanan J Regan R Davison V Smith K Dyer S Campbell C Blair E Maher E Taylor J Knight SJ 《Genomic Medicine》2007,1(1-2):35-45
Array based comparative genomic hybridisation (aCGH) is a powerful technique for detecting clinically relevant genome imbalance
and can offer 40 to > 1000 times the resolution of karyotyping. Indeed, idiopathic learning disability (ILD) studies suggest
that a genome-wide aCGH approach makes 10–15% more diagnoses involving genome imbalance than karyotyping. Despite this, aCGH
has yet to be implemented as a routine NHS service. One significant obstacle is the perception that the technology is prohibitively
expensive for most standard NHS clinical cytogenetics laboratories. To address this, we investigated the cost-effectiveness
of aCGH versus standard cytogenetic analysis for diagnosing idiopathic learning disability (ILD) in the NHS. Cost data from
four participating genetics centres were collected and analysed. In a single test comparison, the average cost of aCGH was
£442 and the average cost of karyotyping was £117 with array costs contributing most to the cost difference. This difference
was not a key barrier when the context of follow up diagnostic tests was considered. Indeed, in a hypothetical cohort of 100 ILD
children, aCGH was found to cost less per diagnosis (£3,118) than a karyotyping and multi-telomere FISH approach (£4,957).
We conclude that testing for genomic imbalances in ILD using microarray technology is likely to be cost-effective because
long-term savings can be made regardless of a positive (diagnosis) or negative result. Earlier diagnoses save costs of additional
diagnostic tests. Negative results are cost-effective in minimising follow-up test choice. The use of aCGH in routine clinical
practice warrants serious consideration by healthcare providers.
Copyright statement The Corresponding Author has the right to grant on behalf of all authors and does grant on behalf of all authors, an exclusive
licence (or non exclusive for government employees) on a worldwide basis to the BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, and its Licensees
to permit this article (if accepted) to be published in BMJ editions and any other BMJPGL products and to exploit all subsidiary
rights, as set out in our licence (bmj.com/advice/copyright.shtml).
Authorship The authors included on this paper fulfil the criteria of authorship and no one who fulfils the criteria has been excluded
from authorship. The authors made a substantial contribution to the conception, design, analysis and interpretation of data.
They were involved in drafting the article or revising it critically for important intellectual content and approving the
version to be published.
Contributorship Sarah Wordsworth (Guarantor): Planning, conducting and reporting work, interpretation of data, drafting and revising article.
James Buchanan: Conducting and reporting work, interpretation of data, revising article.
Regina Regan: Completing costing questionnaire, providing protocol details, other costing information, interpretation of data,
information about learning disability and genome imbalance and revising article.
Val Davison: Completing costing questionnaire, providing protocol details, sharing overall laboratory experience and drafting
article.
Kim Smith: Completing costing questionnaire, providing protocol details, drafting article.
Sara Dyer: Completing costing questionnaire and providing protocol details.
Carolyn Campbell: Completing costing questionnaire and providing protocol details.
Edward Blair: Critical appraisal of article for clinical content and revising article.
Eddy Maher: Completing costing questionnaire, providing protocol details, sharing overall laboratory experience and drafting
article.
Jenny Taylor: Planning and facilitating work between centres. Drafting and revising article.
Samantha JL Knight: Completing costing questionnaire, providing protocol details, other costing information, interpretation
of data, providing information about learning disability and genome imbalance, drafting and revising article.
Jenny Taylor and Samantha JL Knight contributed equally to the work presented. 相似文献
67.
Analysis of a novel strain of murine gammaherpesvirus reveals a genomic locus important for acute pathogenesis
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Macrae AI Dutia BM Milligan S Brownstein DG Allen DJ Mistrikova J Davison AJ Nash AA Stewart JP 《Journal of virology》2001,75(11):5315-5327
Infection of mice by murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV-68) is an excellent small-animal model of gammaherpesvirus pathogenesis in a natural host. We have carried out comparative studies of another herpesvirus, murine herpesvirus 76 (MHV-76), which was isolated at the same time as MHV-68 but from a different murid host, the yellow-necked mouse (Apodemus flavicollis). Molecular analyses revealed that the MHV-76 genome is essentially identical to that of MHV-68, except for deletion of 9,538 bp at the left end of the unique region. MHV-76 is therefore a deletion mutant that lacks four genes unique to MHV-68 (M1, M2, M3, and M4) as well as the eight viral tRNA-like genes. Replication of MHV-76 in cell culture was identical to that of MHV-68. However, following infection of mice, MHV-76 was cleared more rapidly from the lungs. In line with this, there was an increased inflammatory response in lungs with MHV-76. Splenomegaly was also significantly reduced following MHV-76 infection, and much less latent MHV-76 was detected in the spleen. Nevertheless, MHV-76 maintained long-term latency in the lungs and spleen. We utilized a cosmid containing the left end of the MHV-68 genome to reinsert the deleted sequence into MHV-76 by recombination in infected cells, and we isolated a rescuant virus designated MHV-76(cA8+)4 which was ostensibly genetically identical to MHV-68. The growth properties of the rescuant in infected mice were identical to those of MHV-68. These results demonstrate that genetic elements at the left end of the unique region of the MHV-68 genome play vital roles in host evasion and are critical to the development of splenic pathology. 相似文献
68.
The human HLA-A*0201 allele, expressed in hamster cells, is not a high-affinity receptor for adenovirus type 5 fiber
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The coxsackie B virus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) and the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I alpha2 domain have been identified as high-affinity cell receptors for adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) fiber. In this study we show that CAR but not MHC class I allele HLA-A*0201 binds to Ad5 with high affinity when expressed on hamster cells. When both receptors are coexpressed on the cell surface of hamster cells, Ad5 fiber bind to a single high-affinity receptor, which is CAR. 相似文献
69.
Hoyle DV Shaw DJ Knight HI Davison HC Pearce MC Low JC Gunn GJ Woolhouse ME 《Applied and environmental microbiology》2004,70(11):6927-6930
The presence of ampicillin-resistant Escherichia coli (Amp(r) E. coli) in the fecal flora of calves was monitored on a monthly basis in seven cohorts of calves. Calves were rapidly colonized by Amp(r) E. coli, with peak prevalence in cohort calves observed in the 4 months after the calves were born. The prevalence of calves yielding Amp(r) E. coli in cohorts consistently declined to low levels with increasing age of the calves (P < 0.001). 相似文献
70.
Davison J 《Nature biotechnology》2004,22(11):1349; author reply 1349-1349; author reply 1350