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61.
Serruto D Adu-Bobie J Capecchi B Rappuoli R Pizza M Masignani V 《Journal of biotechnology》2004,113(1-3):15-32
Since its introduction, vaccinology has been very effective in preventing infectious diseases. However, in several cases, the conventional approach to identify protective antigens, based on biochemical, immunological and microbiological methods, has failed to deliver successful vaccine candidates against major bacterial pathogens. The recent development of powerful biotechnological tools applied to genome-based approaches has revolutionized vaccine development, biological research and clinical diagnostics. The availability of a genome provides an inclusive virtual catalogue of all the potential antigens from which it is possible to select the molecules that are likely to be more effective. Here, we describe the use of "reverse vaccinology", which has been successful in the identification of potential vaccines candidates against Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B and review the use of functional genomics approaches as DNA microarrays, proteomics and comparative genome analysis for the identification of virulence factors and novel vaccine candidates. In addition, we describe the potential of these powerful technologies in understanding the pathogenesis of various bacteria. 相似文献
62.
Alessandra Corradetti Franca Saccucci Monica Emanuelli Giorgia Vagnoni Monia Cecati Davide Sartini Stefano R. Giannubilo Andrea L. Tranquilli 《Cell stress & chaperones》2010,15(1):95-100
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) p38α was shown to be implicated in the organogenesis of the placenta, and such placental
alteration is crucial for the development of hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets (HELLP) syndrome. We aimed
to analyze for the first time human placental expression of MAPK p38α in pregnancies complicated by HELLP. The placental expression
of MAPK p38α was investigated by semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction using cDNA extracted from placental tissue of
15 pregnancies with HELLP syndrome and 15 gestational age-matched controls. Seven patients with HELLP also had intrauterine
fetal growth restriction (IUGR). In placenta from pregnancy complicated by HELLP, the expression of MAPK p38α is significantly
decreased compared to the group with normal pregnancy (p < 0.001), while no difference was found between the HELLP and HELLP with IUGR subpopulations. Our study shows for the first
time that MAPK p38α is expressed in the human placenta. Pregnancies with placental dysfunction and hypertensive complications
are characterized by a significantly decreased expression of MAPK p38α. Our observations suggest that p38 MAPK signaling may
be essential in placental angiogenesis and functioning. 相似文献
63.
Emanuela Foglia Paolo Bonfanti Giuliano Rizzardini Erminio Bonizzoni Umberto Restelli Elena Ricci Emanuele Porazzi Francesca Scolari Davide Croce 《PloS one》2013,8(2)
Objective
To estimate the lifetime cost utility of two antiretroviral regimens (once-daily atazanavir plus ritonavir [ATV+r] versus twice-daily lopinavir/ritonavir [LPV/r]) in Italian human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients naïve to treatment.Design
With this observational retrospective study we collected the clinical data of a cohort of HIV-infected patients receiving first-line treatment with LPV/r or ATV+r.Methodology
A Markov microsimulation model including direct costs and health outcomes of first- and second-line highly active retroviral therapy was developed from a third-party (Italian National Healthcare Service) payer’s perspective. Health and monetary outcomes associated with the long-term use of ATV+r and LPV/r regimens were evaluated on the basis of eight health states, incidence of diarrhoea and hyperbilirubinemia, AIDS events, opportunistic infections, coronary heart disease events and, for the first time in an economic evaluation, chronic kidney disease (CKD) events. In order to account for possible deviations between real-life data and randomised controlled trial results, a second control arm (ATV+r 2) was created with differential transition probabilities taken from the literature.Results
The average survival was 24.061 years for patients receiving LPV/r, 24.081 and 24.084 for those receiving ATV+r 1 and 2 respectively. The mean quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) were higher for the patients receiving LPV/r than those receiving ATV+r (13.322 vs. 13.060 and 13.261 for ATV+r 1 and 2). The cost-utility values were 15,310.56 for LPV/r, 15,902.99 and 15,524.85 for ATV+r 1 and 2.Conclusions
Using real-life data, the model produced significantly different results compared with other studies. With the innovative addition of an evaluation of CKD events, the model showed a cost-utility value advantage for twice-daily LPV/r over once-daily ATV+r, thus providing evidence for its continued use in the treatment of HIV. 相似文献64.
65.
Vanessa Castelli Francesco Melani Claudio Ferri Michele d'Angelo Mariano Catanesi Davide Grassi Elisabetta Benedetti Antonio Giordano Annamaria Cimini Giovambattista Desideri 《Journal of cellular biochemistry》2020,121(12):4862-4869
Oxidative stress is considered the common effector of the cascade of degenerative events in many neurological conditions. Thus, in this paper we tested different nutraceuticals in H2O2 in vitro model to understand if could represent an adjuvant treatment for neurological diseases. In this study, nutraceuticals bacopa, lycopene, astaxanthin, and vitamin B12 were used alone or in combination in human neuronal differentiated SH-SY5Y cells upon hydrogen peroxide-induced injury and neuroprotective, neuronal death pathways were analyzed. The nutraceuticals analyzed were able to protect H2O2 cytotoxic effects, through increasing cell viability and proteins involved in neuroprotection pathways and restoring proteins involved in cell death pathways. On this basis, it is possible to propose the use of these compounds as dietary supplement for the prevention or as adjuvant to the only symptomatic treatments so far available for neurodegenerative diseases. 相似文献
66.
Iride Mascheretti Raffaella Battaglia Davide Mainieri Andrea Altana Massimiliano Lauria Vincenzo Rossi 《The Plant cell》2013,25(2):404-420
The maize (Zea mays) nucleosome remodeling factor complex component101 (nfc101) and nfc102 are putative paralogs encoding WD-repeat proteins with homology to plant and mammalian components of various chromatin modifying complexes. In this study, we generated transgenic lines with simultaneous nfc101 and nfc102 downregulation and analyzed phenotypic alterations, along with effects on RNA levels, the binding of NFC101/NFC102, and Rpd3-type histone deacetylases (HDACs), and histone modifications at selected targets. Direct NFC101/NFC102 binding and negative correlation with mRNA levels were observed for indeterminate1 (id1) and the florigen Zea mays CENTRORADIALIS8 (ZCN8), key activators of the floral transition. In addition, the abolition of NFC101/NFC102 association with repetitive sequences of different transposable elements (TEs) resulted in tissue-specific upregulation of nonpolyadenylated RNAs produced by these regions. All direct nfc101/nfc102 targets showed histone modification patterns linked to active chromatin in nfc101/nfc102 downregulation lines. However, different mechanisms may be involved because NFC101/NFC102 proteins mediate HDAC recruitment at id1 and TE repeats but not at ZCN8. These results, along with the pleiotropic effects observed in nfc101/nfc102 downregulation lines, suggest that NFC101 and NFC102 are components of distinct chromatin modifying complexes, which operate in different pathways and influence diverse aspects of maize development. 相似文献
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