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911.
Daniel K. Yee Anna Pastuszko David Nelson David F. Wilson 《Journal of neurochemistry》1989,52(1):54-60
Incubation of synaptosomes from rat brain with DL-2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate (APV) stimulated an increased release of dopamine, and this effect was strictly dependent on the extrasynaptosomal calcium level. APV increased biosynthesis of dopamine from tyrosine by 30%, whereas monoamine oxidase activity was inhibited by 30%. When synaptosomes were incubated with radioactive dopamine, APV caused a large decrease in incorporation of label into 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid but greatly increased incorporation into norepinephrine and its N-methyl derivatives. Quantification of dopamine and its metabolites in synaptosomes, using electrochemical detection, indicated that the presence of APV resulted in changes in the absolute levels of the aforementioned dopamine metabolites similar to the changes in radiolabel incorporation. Omission of Ca2+ from the extrasynaptosomal medium greatly diminished the APV-induced changes in catecholamine metabolism. The metabolic changes appear to largely result from an increased intrasynaptosomal Ca2+ level due to the APV-induced increase in calcium permeability of the plasma membrane. 相似文献
912.
Confirmation and refinement of the genetic localization of the Coffin-Lowry syndrome locus in Xp22.1-p22.2 下载免费PDF全文
V. Biancalana M. L. Briard A. David S. Gilgenkrantz J. Kaplan M. Mathieu C. Piussan J. Poncin A. Schinzel C. Oudet A. Hanauer 《American journal of human genetics》1992,50(5):981-987
The Coffin-Lowry syndrome (CLS) is an X-linked inherited disease of unknown pathogenesis characterized by severe mental retardation, typical facial and digital anomalies, and progressive skeletal deformations. Our previous linkage analysis, based on four pedigrees with the disease, suggested a localization for the CLS locus in Xp22.1-p22.2, with the most likely position between the marker loci DXS41 and DXS43. We have now extended the study to 16 families by using seven RFLP marker loci spanning the Xp22.1-p22.2 region. Linkage has been established with five markers from this part of the X chromosome: DXS274 (lod score [Z] (theta) = 3.53 at theta = .08), DXS43 (Z(theta) = 3.16 at theta = .08), DXS197 (Z(theta) = 3.03 at theta = .05), DXS41 (Z(theta) = 2.89 at theta = .08), and DXS207 (Z(theta) = 2.73 at theta = .13). A multipoint linkage analysis further placed, with a maximum multipoint Z of 7.30, the mutation-causing CLS within a 7-cM interval defined by the cluster of tightly linked markers (DXS207-DXS43-DXS197) on the distal side and by DXS274 on the proximal side. Thus, these further linkage data confirm and refine the map location for the gene responsible for CLS in Xp22.1-p22.2. As no linkage heterogeneity was detected, this validates the use of the Xp22.1-p22.2 markers for carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis in CLS families. 相似文献
913.
The white rot fungi Lentinula edodes, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Pleurotus sajor-caju, Flammulina velutipes, and Schizophyllum commune were grown in liquid media containing 14C-lignin-labelled wood, and the formation of water-soluble 14C-labelled products and 14CO2, the growth of the fungi, and the activities of extracellular lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase, and laccase were measured. Conditions that affect the rate of lignin degradation were imposed, and both long-term (0- to 16-day) and short-term (0- to 72-h) effects on the production of the two types of product and on the activities of the enzymes were monitored. The production of 14CO2-labelled products from the aqueous ones was also investigated. The short-term studies showed that the different conditions had different effects on the production of the two products and on the activities of the enzymes. Nitrogen sources inhibited the production of both products by all species when differences in growth could be discounted. Medium pH and manganese affected lignin degradation by the different species differently. With P. chrysosporium, the results were consistent, with lignin peroxidase playing a role in lignin solubilization and manganese peroxidase being important in subsequent CO2 production. 相似文献
914.
Isolation, Cultural Maintenance, and Taxonomy of a Sheath-Forming Strain of Leptothrix discophora and Characterization of Manganese-Oxidizing Activity Associated with the Sheath 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3 下载免费PDF全文
Leptothrix discophora SP-6 was isolated from the outflow reservoir of an artificial iron seep. Its sheathforming phenotype was maintained by slow growth in a mineral salts-vitamin-pyruvate medium under minimal aeration at 20 to 25°C. A sheathless variant, SP-6(sl), was isolated from smooth colonies that appeared on spread plates after rapid growth of SP-6 in well-aerated cultures. SP-6 and SP-6(sl) are closely related but not identical to the previously studied sheathless strain SS-1 (ATCC 43182). Increasing Mn2+ concentrations in the growth medium of SP-6 increased the phase density of the sheath, indicating increased Mn oxide deposition in the sheath. Electron microscopy of cultures grown without added Mn2+ revealed that the sheath consisted of a well-defined inner layer, 30 to 100 nm thick, and a diffuse outer capsular layer of variable thickness. Mn oxides were identified in the sheath by their characteristic ultrastructure, electron density, and X-ray-dispersive energy spectra. In heavily encrusted sheaths, the Mn oxides were evenly distributed in both layers of the sheath. Sheathed cells retained more Mn-oxidizing activity than did sheathless cells after washing with distilled, deionized water; the sheath retained some of its activity after an EDTA-lysozyme-detergent treatment which removed the cells. An ultrafiltration-dialysis procedure significantly increased the recovery of activity from spent media of SP-6 over that reported previously for SS-1 (L.F. Adams and W.C. Ghiorse, J. Bacteriol. 169:1279-1285, 1987). A 108-kDa Mn-oxidizing protein was identified in concentrated spent media of SP-6 and SP-6(sl), and the activity of the concentrates showed stability in detergents comparable to that of SS-1 and patterns of heat inactivation and chemical inhibition similar to those of SS-1. 相似文献
915.
David G. Griffiths Michael D. Partis Perry Churchill Stephen C. Brenner Sidney Fleischer Roger J. Moore R. Brian Beechey 《Journal of bioenergetics and biomembranes》1990,22(5):691-707
A series of amphiphilic polymethylenecarboxymaleimides has been synthesized for use as sulfhydryl reagents applicable to membrane proteins. Physical properties of the compounds which are relevant to their proposed mode of action have been determined. By comparing rates of reaction in aqueous and aprotic solvents, the compounds have been shown to react exclusively with the thiolate ion. The effects of the reagents on three membrane-associated proteins are reported, and in two cases a comparative study has been made of the effects on the proteins in the absence of membranes. A mechanism is proposed whereby the reagents are anchored at the lipid/water interface by the negatively charged carboxyl group, thus siting the reactive maleimide in a plane whose depth is defined by the length of the reagent. Supporting evidence for this model is provided by the inability of the reagents to traverse membranes, and variation of their inhibitory potency with chain length when the proteins are embedded in the membrane, but not when extracted into solution. As examples of general use of the reagents to probe sulfhydryl groups in membrane proteins, the reagents have been used to (a) determine the depths in the membrane at which two populations of sulfhydryl groups occur in the mitochondrial phosphate transporter; (b) locate a single sulfhydryl associated with the active site ofD--hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase in the inner mitochondrial membrane; (c) examine sulfhydryl groups in theD-3-glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase associated with the human red blood cell membrane. 相似文献
916.
Elizabeth E. Hood David H. Clapham Inger Ekberg Thomas Johannson 《Plant molecular biology》1990,14(2):111-117
The hypervirulent Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain A281 formed frequent tumors (31%) on Picea abies (Norway spruce), an economically important tree species in Swedish forests. Three-month-old seedlings were inoculated and tumors were established that grew hormone-independently in culture. Tumors contained agropine and mannopine/mannopinic acid as determined by acid pH paper electrophoresis. In addition, DNA hybridization studies showed that the DNA from these tumor lines contained sequences homologous to Ti plasmid T-DNA, whereas wild-type spruce seedling DNA did not. These results suggest that Agrobacterium vectors can be used for gene transfer into this important forest species. 相似文献
917.
Véronique Guellec Chantal David Michel Branchard Jacques Tempé 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》1990,20(3):211-215
Genetically transformed grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) roots were obtained after inocultation of in vitro grown whole plants (cv. Grenache) with Agrobacterium rhizogenes. The strain used contains two plasmids: the wild-type Ri plasmid pRi 15834 and a Ti-derived plasmid which carries a chimaeric neomycin phosphotrans-ferase gene (NPT II) and the nopaline synthase gene. Expression of the NPT II gene can confer kanamycin resistance to transformed plant cells. Slowly growing axenic root cultures derived from single root tips were obtained. Opine analysis indicated the presence of agropine and/or nopaline in established root cultures. For one culture, the presence of T-DNA was confirmed by dot-blot hybridization with pRi 15834 TL-DNA. Callogenesis was induced by subculturing root fragments on medium supplemented with benzylaminopurine and indoleacetic acid.Transformation of in vitro cultured grapevine cells has recently been reported (baribault T.J. et al., Plant Cell Rep (1989) 8: 137–140). In contrast with the results presented here, expession of the NPT II gene Conferred kanamycin resistance to Vitis vinifera calli that was sufficient for selection of trasformed cells.Abbreviations BAP
benzylaminopurine
- IAA
indoleacetic acid
- NAA
naphtaleneacetic acid
- NPT II
neomycin phosphostransferase II
- EDTA
ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid 相似文献
918.
Ivan Valiela Joseph Costa Kenneth Foreman John M. Teal Brian Howes David Aubrey 《Biogeochemistry》1990,10(3):177-197
Anthropogenic activities on coastal watersheds increase nutrient concentrations of groundwater. As groundwater travels downslope it transports these nutrients toward the adjoining coastal water. The resulting nutrient loading rates can be significant because nutrient concentrations in coastal groundwaters may be several orders of magnitude greater than those of receiving coastal waters. Groundwater-borne nutrients are most subject to active biogeochemical transformations as they course through the upper 1 m or so of bottom sediments. There conditions favor anaerobic processes such as denitrification, as well as other mechanisms that either sequester or release nutrients. The relative importance of advective vs. regenerative pathways of nutrient supply may result in widely different rates of release of nutrients from sediments. The relative activity of denitrifiers also may alter the ratio of N to P released to overlying waters, and hence affect which nutrient limits growth of producers. The consequences of nutrient (particularly nitrate) loading include somewhat elevated nutrient concentrations in the watercolumn, increased growth of macroalgae and phytoplankton, reduction of seagrass beds, and reductions of the associated fauna. The decline in animals occurs because of habitat changes and because of the increased frequency of anoxic events prompted by the characteristically high respiration rates found in enriched waters. 相似文献
919.
A newly-developed field-portable multi-flash kinetic fluorimeter for measuring the kinetics of the microsecond to millisecond reactions of the oxidizing and reducing sides of photosystem 2 in leaves of intact plants is described and demonstrated. The instrumental technique is a refinement of that employed in the double-flash kinetic fluorimeter (Joliot 1974 Biochim Biophys Acta 357: 439–448) where a low-intensity short-duration light pulse is used to measure the fluorescence yield changes following saturating single-turnover light pulses. The present instrument uses a rapid series of short-duration (2 s) pulses to resolve a complete microsecond to millisecond time-scale kinetic trace of fluorescence yield changes after each actinic flash. Differential optics, using a matrix of optical fibers, allow very high sensitivity (noise levels about 0.05% Fmax) thus eliminating the need for signal averaging, and greatly reducing the intensity of light required to make a measurement. Consequently, the measuring pulses have much less actinic effect and an entire multi-point trace (seven points) excites less than 1% of the reaction centers in a leaf. In addition, bu combining the actinic and measuring pulse light in the optical fiber network, the tail of the actinic flash can be compensated for, allowing measurements of events as rapidly as 20 s after the actinic flash. This resolution makes practical the routine measurement of the microsecond turnover kinetics of the oxygen evolving complex in leaves of intact plants in the field. The instrument is demonstrated by observing flash number dependency and inhibitor sensitivity of the induction and decay kinetics of flash-induced fluorescence transients in leaves of intact plants. From these traces the period-two oscillations associated with the turnover of the two-electron gate and the period-four oscillations associated with the turnover of the oxygen evolving complex can be observed. Applications of the instrument to extending our knowledge of chloroplast function to the whole plant, the effects on plants of environmental stress, herbicides, etc, and possible applications to screening of mutants are discussed.Abbreviations DCMU
3-(3,4-Dichlorophenol)-1,1-dimethylurea
- PS 2
photosystem 2
- PS 1
photosystem 1
- P680
primary electron donor of the PS 2 reaction center
- QA
primary acceptor quinone of PS 2
- QB
secondary acceptor quinone of PS 2
- CCCP
carbonyl cyanide-m-chlorophenylhydrazone
- Yz
donor to P680
+
- F0
level of fluorescence with all PS 2 centers open
- Fmax
maximum level of fluorescence with all PS 2 centers closed
- P680QA
Open reaction centers with P680 reduced and QA oxidized (low fluorescence)
- P680QA
-
Closed reaction centers, in which P680 is reduced (high fluorescence)
- P680
+QA
-
Closed reaction centers, in which P680 is oxidized (low fluorescence) 相似文献
920.
The effect of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD) on electron transfer in the acceptor quinone complex of reaction centers (RC) from Rhodobacter sphaeroides is reported. DCCD covalently labelled the RC over a wide concentration range. At low concentrations (<10 M) the binding was specific for the L subunit. At relatively high concentrations (>100 M) DCCD accelerated the rate of charge recombination of the P+QB
- state, consistent with a decrease in the equilibrium constant between QA
-QB and QAQB
-. At similar concentrations, in the presence of cytochrome c as exogenous donor, turnover of the RC was inhibited such that only three cytochromes were oxidized in a train of flashes. Both these inhibitory effects were fully reversed by dialysis, indicating that stable covalent binding was not involved. Possible mechanisms of action are discussed in terms of the putative role of specific residues in proton transfer and protonation and release of quinol from the RC. 相似文献