高加索三叶草花蜜腺发育解剖及小花糖分变化研究

【目的】高加索三叶草是优良的蜜源植物,了解其花蜜腺形态特征、组织结构及其发育规律对认识其小花糖分变化规律和合理利用该植物资源具有重要意义。【方法】选择生长良好的高加索三叶草标准株,分别在小花的不同发育时期,即现蕾期、露冠期、初花期、盛花期和谢花期采样。利用石蜡切片技术,观察小花细胞组织结构。采用毛细管法吸取小花花蜜,用生理试剂盒-分光光度法测定初花期、盛花期和谢花期小花的可溶性糖(包含蔗糖、果糖、葡萄糖)和淀粉等糖分营养指标。【结果】结果表明,(1)单个小花的花蜜量为0.394±0.095μL,每平方米花蜜量为4536.93±1319.34μL。(2)蜜腺位于9枚合生雄蕊的花丝内侧基部,属于雄蕊蜜腺。经PAS 染色,蜜腺组织在整个泌蜜过程中淀粉粒有明显的动态变化,属于淀粉型蜜腺。(3)小花的可溶性糖含量在盛花期最高,为7.978mg/g;可溶性糖各组分中果糖占比最大,初花期占比最高,为66%,后逐渐下降;淀粉含量占全糖含量的81%~82%,其中盛花期最高,为35.173mg/g,初花期最低,为24.168 mg/g。【结论】高加索三叶草花蜜腺属于雄蕊蜜腺,蜜腺由分泌表皮细胞和泌蜜细胞构成。原蜜由蜜腺相邻的花托维管束提供,经蜜腺细胞加工成蜜汁,最后由表皮的气孔泌出。高加索三叶草小花的可溶性糖含量在盛花期时最高,其中果糖的占比最大。     

嫁接对梅花耐盐性的影响

以盆栽一年生‘丰后’梅自根苗、山杏为砧木的‘丰后’梅嫁接苗以及山杏自根苗为试材,设置土壤NaCl含量分别为0(CK)、0.3%、0.6%、0.9%、1.2%和1.5%的盐胁迫处理,观测3种植物盐害情况及其叶片细胞膜透性、抗氧化酶活性、有机渗透调节物质含量的变化,并应用隶属函数值法对各盐浓度处理下3种材料叶片的生理指标进行综合评定,以明确它们的耐盐能力,为梅花向盐渍土分布较广的北方地区推广应用,以及梅花繁殖方法及梅花砧木的选择提供理论依据。结果表明:(1)随着土壤中NaCl含量的递增,‘丰后’梅自根苗、‘丰后’梅嫁接苗及山杏的盐害指数和盐害率不断增大,三者盐害指数在50%时土壤NaCl含量分别是0.545%、0.695%和0.705%,表明3种材料耐盐性由强到弱依次为山杏‘丰后’梅嫁接苗‘丰后’梅自根苗。(2)随着盐胁迫时间的延长,3种植物苗木叶片相对电导率(RC)和丙二醛(MDA)含量整体呈先上升后下降的趋势;‘丰后’梅自根苗过氧化物酶(POD)活性总体呈上升趋势,‘丰后’梅嫁接苗和山杏总体均呈现上升趋势,但个别浓度呈先上升后下降趋势;‘丰后’梅自根苗可溶性糖(SS)含量整体呈现上升趋势,‘丰后’梅嫁接苗和山杏均总体呈先下降后上升趋势,但个别较高浓度呈先上升后下降趋势。(3)隶属函数值法对盐抗性的综合评定结果为:山杏‘丰后’梅嫁接苗‘丰后’梅自根苗,综合评定结果与3种材料的盐害指数分析结果一致。研究发现,3种植物叶片所受到盐伤害的程度随NaCl胁迫浓度提高而加深,但植株叶片能对中低盐浓度处理产生一定的适应性;以耐盐性较强的山杏作为嫁接砧木后,‘丰后’梅嫁接苗比其自根苗的耐盐性增强,证明嫁接对梅花耐盐性具有一定的促进作用。     

Species composition,seasonal dynamics of quantities and spatial distribution of hydromedusae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) in Vostok bay of the Sea of Japan

Hydromedusae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) are one of the most common and widely spread plankton organisms. Due to their low quantities in the plankton and complicated species identification, they are poorly observed in zooplankton research works, especially in the Northwestern part of the Sea of Japan. The subjects of the present work are the seasonal dynamics of the spatial distribution and abundance of hydromedusae that inhabit Vostok bay (Peter the Great bay of the Sea of Japan), which were observed from April to November in 2002–2004. The timing of mature specimens was studied for different species. Eighteen species were found. Of these, Coryne sp., Tiaropsis multicirrata (Sars, 1835) and Neoturris breviconis (Murbach et Shearer, 1903) are the first records for Peter the Great Bay; the last two species are the first records for the Northwestern part of the Sea of Japan.     

无症状吸烟者的肺功能改变情况分析

目的：探讨烟龄215年,日吸烟量≥15支的无症状男性吸烟者的肺功能改变情况。方法：选择男性无症状吸烟者190人及非吸烟者180人,进行肺功能测定,并比较两组人群的肺功能改变情况。结果：吸烟组与非吸烟组比较,肺活量（VC）、用力肺活量（FVC）、第1秒用力呼气容积（FEV1）、Tiffeneau1秒率（FEV1／VC）结果改变不明显,而Gaensler1秒率（FEV1/FVC）、最大分钟通气量（MVV）、用力呼气50％肺活量的呼气流量（FEF50％）、用力呼气75％肺活量的呼气流量（FEF75％）、呼出25％-75％肺活量时的平均流量（FEF25％～75％）、肺一氧化碳弥散量（DLCO）结果均有显著降低,有统计学意义。结论：通过对无症状吸烟人群肺功能测定结果进行分析。发现有些吸烟者虽无临床症状,但已经出现了小气道及肺弥散功能的损伤,提醒吸烟者应早期戒烟,关爱自身健康,净化生存环境,提高生活质量。     

盐节木同化枝的腋芽丛生与快速繁殖

本文通过同化枝腋芽丛生方式建立了盐生植物盐节木的快速繁殖体系。以在MS附加200 mmol·L-1 Na Cl的培养基上无菌种子萌发、生长共计4~5个月、高约3~4 cm的盐节木小苗为材料,从上截取0.5 cm长的同化枝小段为外植体,培养在MS附加不同浓度的6-BA与NAA的培养基中。结果表明:同化枝腋芽诱导与增殖最佳培养基均为MS+0.05 mg·L-1 6-BA+1mg·L-1 NAA或MS+1 mg·L-1 6-BA,初代培养30 d后,腋芽诱导率达97.5%,平均芽增殖系数为2.50;继代增殖培养时,将同化枝切成1 cm长的小段芽增殖系数提高到4.92;一次性芽苗伸长与生根培养基为MS+0.05 mg·L-1 IBA,生根率达99%;小苗经炼苗后移栽到沙子、营养土和蛭石体积比为1:1:1的基质中,成活率可达91%。     

肠系膜上动脉栓塞临床表现及影像特征研究

目的:探讨肠系膜上动脉栓塞(superior mesenteric artery embolism,SMA embolism)临床及影像特征,以及时准确诊断从而改善病人预后。方法:搜集我院2011年7月至2014年8月临床诊断为SMA栓塞的患者24例,回顾性分析其临床及影像资料。结果:24例SMA栓塞发病年龄51~84岁,平均71.9±8.1岁;临床均表现为突发腹痛(24/24,100%),腹痛多持续不缓解(18/24,75%),少有放射痛(1/24,4.17%),多伴有恶心呕吐(16/24,66.67%)、腹泻便血(15/24,62.5%),体格检查多有肠鸣音亢进(19/24,79.17%),少有腹膜刺激征(2/24,8.33%)。多合并高血压(18/24,75%)、房颤(16/24,66.67%)、冠心病(14/24,58.33%)、心脏瓣膜病变(6/24,25%)及其他周围动脉栓塞(9/24,37.5%)。临床上符合SMA栓塞三联征中至少两项特征20例(83.33%),具备典型三联征13例(54.17%)。MSCTA或DSA均表现为SMA主干截断或充盈缺损(24/24,100%),栓塞位置多位于第1空肠动脉起始至回结肠动脉起始水平段(18/24,75%),栓塞远端分支血管多显影不良(23/24,95.83%),少有侧枝循环形成(3/24,12.5%)。MSCTA显示栓塞段血管密度多有增高(12/17,70.59%),少有管径增粗(3/17,17.65%)及脂肪间隙模糊(2/17,11.76%)。肠管多有缺血改变(15/17,88.24%),肠系膜多增粗模糊(15/17,88.24%),腹水少见(1/17,5.82%)。结论:SMA栓塞临床和影像具有一定的特征性,临床怀疑SMA栓塞应及早行MSCTA或DSA明确诊断。     

Impulse NMR study of the mobility of water adsorbed onto cellulose

An impulse method of nuclear magnetic resonance was used for measuring the times of spin-lattice relaxation in the rotating system of coordinates (RSC) for water molecules adsorbed on cottone cellulose. It has been shown that within the temperature region -10 divided by -40 degrees C the spin-lattice relaxation of water in RSC is conditioned by intermolecular interactions modulated with translation movement. The selfdiffusion coefficient of adsorbed water for the sample with 55% humidity at -10 degrees C is determined as 2.0.10(-9) cm2/s and decreases to 0.3.10(-9) cm2s at -40 degrees C, with activation energy of diffusion equalling 8.1 kcal/mol.     

Species Composition of Corals in Silty Shallows of the Bai Thu Long Archipelago (Gulf of Tonkin,South China Sea)

Coral communities were investigated on 16 reefs in open and closed bays, in straits, and around capes of different islands of the Bai Thu Long Archipelago (Gulf of Tonkin, South China Sea). Variations observed in the communities of Acropora aspera + Goniopora columna, Goniopora stokesi + Galaxea fascicularis, Acropora aspera, Goniopora columna, and Pavona decussata + Pavona cactus are caused by different ecological conditions and may be linked with sedimentation flux within the water column and near the bottom, as well as with the rate of integral water exchange and resuspension above the coral settlements.