HIV相关性口腔念珠菌RAPD多态性分析

运用RAPD技术对60株分离自HIV感染者口腔的念珠菌进行分析, 其中P2随机引物扩增条带数量0~5条, 大小300 bp~2 kb, 白色念珠菌以300 bp、400 bp和600 bp 3个主条带为主, 非白色念珠菌也存在类似条带。采用SPSS13.0聚类分析, 分为5个基因群, 14个基因型, 白色念珠菌主要为B群。其中P385和P403对5-氟孢嘧啶耐药, 聚为C1基因型(欧氏距离平方为0.115), P321和P522对两性霉素B耐药, 聚为D1基因型(欧氏距离平方为0.221)。表明HIV感染者口腔来源的念珠菌存在丰富的基因多态性, RAPD技术对于白色念珠菌的基因型鉴定具有重要意义; 念珠菌不同种间具有相对特征性的条带, 同种不同株间存在相似的条带特征; 某些条带特征可能与念珠菌的耐药性相关。     

洪湖水体藻类藻相特征及其对生境的响应

藻类是水生态系统的重要成分,它的群落结构、细胞密度变化与水环境相适应,随水环境的变化而改变,因此藻相变化是评价水体质量的一项重要指标。2009—2010年在洪湖水面不同方位布点采样,对水体的浮游藻类藻相(群落结构、密度)和水质状况(水位(water level,H)、水温(water temperature,tw)、透明度(transparency,SD)、总氮(total nitrogen,TN)、总磷(totalphosphorus,TP)、高锰酸盐指数(permanganate index,CODMn)和叶绿素含量(chlorophyll a,Chl-a)等)进行了逐月的调查、监测,采用湖库营养状态指数法对湖泊富营养化评价,并运用多元逐步回归方法建立水体藻类与生境因子的回归方程。结果表明:洪湖水体总体上已达到轻度富营养化状态;藻类以蓝藻门、硅藻门和绿藻门为主,共鉴定出7门65属,藻细胞密度为1.14×106—3.24×107个/L,藻相季节变化特征明显。藻类组成以蓝藻门密度最高(52.93%),硅藻门(25.96%)和绿藻门(16.83%)次之,隐藻门(1.98%)、金藻门(1.64%)、裸藻门(0.42%)和甲藻门(0.25%)相对较低。藻类藻相及优势种在不同季节有所差异,冬春季节(12—5月)以硅藻门的直链藻、小环藻和针杆藻为优势种,夏秋季节(7—11月)以蓝藻门的鱼腥藻和微囊藻为优势种;湖泊藻类细胞密度与tw、CODMn呈正显著相关关系,与H、TN、TP、SD相关关系不显著;藻细胞生长逐步回归方程为y=3.7815+0.0794tw+0.5670CODMn-1.3467SD,藻细胞生长主要受水温和有机污染物等的影响,氮磷不是藻类生长的控制因子;在湖泊不同区域,环境条件存在差异,导致藻类生长过程中起主导作用的环境因子存在一定的差异,蓝藻生长主要受tw、CODMn和SD控制,绿藻生长主要受H、tw和CODMn影响,而硅藻生长决定于水体CODMn。     

Effect of a Functional Phospholipid Metabolome-Protein Association Pathway on the Mechanism of COVID-19 Disease Progression

This study aimed to explore the clinical practice of phospholipid metabolic pathways in COVID-19. In this study, 48 COVID-19 patients and 17 healthy controls were included. Patients were divided into mild (n=40) and severe (n=8) according to their severity. Phospholipid metabolites, TCA circulating metabolites, eicosanoid metabolites, and closely associated enzymes and transfer proteins were detected in the plasma of all individuals using metabolomics and proteomics assays, respectively. 30 of the 33 metabolites found differed significantly (P<0.05) between patients and healthy controls (P<0.05), with D-dimmer significantly correlated with all of the lysophospholipid metabolites (LysoPE, LysoPC, LysoPI and LPA). In particular, we found that phosphatidylinositol (PI) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) could identify patients from healthy controls (AUC 0.771 and 0.745, respectively) and that the severity of the patients could be determined (AUC 0.663 and 0.809, respectively). The last measurement before discharge also revealed significant changes in both PI and PC. For the first time, our study explores the significance of the phospholipid metabolic system in COVID-19 patients. Based on molecular pathway mechanisms, three important phospholipid pathways related to Ceramide-Malate acid (Cer-SM), Lysophospholipid (LPs), and membrane function were established. Clinical values discovered included the role of Cer in maintaining the inflammatory internal environment, the modulation of procoagulant LPA by upstream fibrinolytic metabolites, and the role of PI and PC in predicting disease aggravation.     

Long COVID and its Management

The pandemic of COVID-19 is the biggest public health crisis in 21^st Century. Besides the acute symptoms after infection, patients and society are also being challenged by the long-term health complications associated with COVID-19, commonly known as long COVID. While health professionals work hard to find proper treatments, large amount of knowledge has been accumulated in recent years. In order to deal with long COVID efficiently, it is important for people to keep up with current progresses and take proactive actions on long COVID. For this purpose, this review will first introduce the general background of long COVID, and then discuss its risk factors, diagnostic indicators and management strategies. This review will serve as a useful resource for people to understand and prepare for long COVID that will be with us in the foreseeable future.     

Discovery and SAR analysis of phenylbenzo[d][1,3]dioxole-based proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors

Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) has emerged as a novel therapeutic target for the development of cholesterol-lowering drugs. In the discovery of PCSK9/LDLR (low-density lipoprotein receptor) protein-protein interaction (PPI) impairing small molecules, a total of 47 phenylbenzo[d][1,3] dioxole-based compounds were designed and synthesised. The result revealed that the 4-chlorobenzyl substitution in the amino group is important for the PPI disrupting activity. In the hepatocyte-based functional tests, active compounds such as A12, B1, B3, B4 and B14, restored the LDLR levels on the surface of hepatic HepG2 cells and increased extracellular LDL uptake in the presence of PCSK9. It is notable that molecule B14 exhibited good performance in all the evaluations. Collectively, novel structures targeting PCSK9/LDLR PPI have been developed with hypolipidemic potential. Further structural modification of derived active compounds is promising in the discovery of lead compounds with improved activity for the treatment of hyperlipidaemia-related disorders.     

传统豆酱发酵过程中细菌多样性动态

细菌在豆酱发酵过程中起到非常重要的作用,并与豆酱的风味和质量密切相关,因此研究豆酱中细菌的多样性具有重要意义。以自然发酵的豆酱样品为研究对象,采用细菌16S rDNA的部分可变区的PCR-DGGE技术对自然发酵豆酱样品的细菌群落组成和优势菌群进行研究。结果表明,传统豆酱发酵过程细菌群体中既有原始种群的减少和增长,也有次级种群的增多和演变。在整个发酵过程中,初期和末期以不可培养细菌为主,初期细菌群体快速演替,细菌种群多样性指数在发酵42 d和56 d达到两次高峰。     

根癌农杆菌介导的定点敲除技术在红色红曲菌中的应用

红曲菌(Monascus spp.)是一种重要的丝状真菌, 广泛应用于食品和医药领域中。目前, 由于对红曲菌遗传背景了解的很少, 因而对其重要功能基因的研究报道很少。本研究采用根癌农杆菌介导的转化技术对红色红曲菌(Monascus ruber)中推断的G-蛋白信号调节子mrfA基因的RGS功能域进行定点缺失研究, 探讨基于同源重组为基础的基因定点缺失技术在红曲菌基因功能鉴定中的可行性。构建的敲除载体pC805S左右同源臂长度分别为958 bp和824 bp, 将其转入受体菌M. ruber 中, 得到的138株转化子中, 有26株转化子发生了同源重组, 重组率达到18.8%。实验结果表明该技术作为红曲菌基因功能鉴定的方法是可行的。     

杉木人工混交林对土壤铝毒害的缓解作用

以四川盆周山地现有杉木人工林为研究对象,在划分林分类型并采用因子分析建立地上部分树种指标系统的基础上,经主成分分析,建立铝毒害指标综合评价函数,应用典范相关分析探讨树种与土壤铝毒害两组变量的相关关系。结果表明:杉木人工林分成6种林分类型,其中杉木纯林、杉木+柳杉和杉木+茶树林仍遭受铝毒害,杉木长势差,而以杉木+木荷为主,混栽如栎(栗)类、毛泡桐、桤木、檫木等阔叶树种的林分类型,由于提高了土壤pH值、Ca含量,降低了土壤Al含量,因此未遭受铝毒害,或者铝毒害已得到不同程度的缓解,杉木长势相对较好;缓解铝毒效果明显的树种有木荷、毛竹、桤木、檫木、黄绒润楠、香樟、连香和青冈;从缓解铝毒害的角度,茶树和柳杉等不宜与杉木混交。     

食药用真菌: 天然抗氧化剂的重要来源

生物体在新陈代谢过程中不断产生自由基。自由基在机体内的生成和去除通常处于平衡状态,不会对机体造成严重损伤,但当机体内的自由基过剩时,常引起生物大分子如脂类、蛋白质和核酸的氧化损伤,进而引发机体衰老以及癌症、动脉粥样硬化、风湿性关节炎、肺气肿等疾病。过去20年中,自由基在细胞损