Process of Making Three-dimensional Microstructures using Vaporization of a Sacrificial Component

Vascular structures in natural systems are able to provide high mass transport through high surface areas and optimized structure. Few synthetic material fabrication techniques are able to mimic the complexity of these structures while maintaining scalability. The Vaporization of a Sacrificial Component (VaSC) process is able to do so. This process uses sacrificial fibers as a template to form hollow, cylindrical microchannels embedded within a matrix. Tin (II) oxalate (SnOx) is embedded within poly(lactic) acid (PLA) fibers which facilitates the use of this process. The SnOx catalyzes the depolymerization of the PLA fibers at lower temperatures. The lactic acid monomers are gaseous at these temperatures and can be removed from the embedded matrix at temperatures that do not damage the matrix. Here we show a method for aligning these fibers using micromachined plates and a tensioning device to create complex patterns of three-dimensionally arrayed microchannels. The process allows the exploration of virtually any arrangement of fiber topologies and structures.     

高粱抗蚜研究进展

高粱(Sorghum bicolour)是世界上最重要的粮食、饲料、酿造和能源作物之一, 也是C₄植物研究的模式植物。蚜虫是农业生产上的重要害虫, 几乎危害所有的栽培作物。危害高粱的蚜虫主要包括高粱蚜(Melanaphis sacchari)、麦二叉蚜(Schizaphis graminum)和玉米蚜(Rhopalosiphum maidis)。高粱的抗蚜资源尚不丰富且缺乏深入系统的研究。目前研究较多的是麦二叉蚜的抗性遗传方面, 已定位20个抗性QTLs, 单一QTL对抗性差异贡献率最高可达80.3%, 对高粱蚜和玉米蚜的研究尚需进一步加强。高粱的理化特性与其抗蚜性能相关, 故可与育种实践相结合。高粱和蚜虫(Acyrthosiphon pisum)的全基因组测序工作已经完成, 这将有助于蚜虫-植物间的相互作用关系及植物对蚜虫的抗性机制研究。目前已克隆到2个抗蚜基因, 且多个抗蚜基因(位点)已被定位在染色体上。该文重点综述了上述研究成果并对高粱抗蚜的研究前景进行了展望。     

Adhesion of lymphoid cell lines to fibronectin-coated substratum: Biochemical and physiological characterization and the identification of a 140-kDa fibronectin receptor

Little information is available on the interaction between lymphocytes and fibronectin (fn). To gain a better understanding on this issue we examined the adhesion of 12 lymphoid cell lines, each exhibiting different phenotypic characteristics, to fn-coated substratum. Of the cell lines tested, five that adhered to fn possessed B-cell characteristics, while neither the T-cell lines nor the pre-B-cell line adhered. The physiology and biochemistry of adhesion of a B-cell line, MOPC 315, were examined in detail. Our results indicated that (1) the adhesion was a specific and time-dependent process, (2) the adhesion was temperature-dependent and inhibited by metabolic inhibitors, such as KCN and 2-deoxyglucose, (3) the presence of cycloheximide and pretreatment of cells with trypsin inhibited adhesion, (4) a 140-kDa surface protein was immunoprecipitated by anti-fn receptor antibodies, (5) the presence of divalent cations was essential for adhesion, (6) the presence of colchicine had no effect on adhesion, while cytochalasin B partially inhibited adhesion, and (7) the treatment of cells by both phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and calcium ionophore A23187 enhanced adhesion. In this study, we have established the interaction between lymphoid cell lines and fn. Such an interaction might play an important role in the behavior of lymphocytes in tissues.     

杜仲细胞悬浮培养产黄酮及其动力学研究

本文应用正交设计对杜仲细胞悬浮培养的基本培养基和植物生长物质浓度进行了筛选,并对影响杜仲细胞悬浮培养和总黄酮含量的不同因素进行了考察。结果表明,B5培养基+0.5mg/L NAA+0.6mg/L 6-BA、蔗糖30g/L、初始pH 5.0-5.5、接种量20g(FW)/L以及摇床转速110r/min为杜仲细胞悬浮培养的适宜条件。通过对杜仲悬浮细胞生长和代谢动力学的分析表明：杜仲细胞悬浮培养生长符合Logistic生长模型,最大比生长速率( m)为0.417d-1;细胞基于蔗糖的真正比生长得率(YG)与维持系数(m)分别为0.619g/g和0.0206g/(g·d-1);黄酮合成属部分生长耦联型,可用Luedeking-Piret模型进行描述。研究结果为杜仲细胞大规模悬浮培养生产天然活性成分奠定了基础。     

Mechanisms of chromatin-based epigenetic inheritance

Multi-cellular organisms such as humans contain hundreds of cell types that share the same genetic information(DNA sequences), and yet have different cellular traits and functions. While how genetic information is passed through generations has been extensively characterized, it remains largely obscure how epigenetic information encoded by chromatin regulates the passage of certain traits, gene expression states and cell identity during mitotic cell divisions, and even through meiosis. In this r...     

串叶松香草的核型研究

串叶松香草Silphiura perfoliatum L.系菊科(Compositae)松香草属(SilphiumL.)多年生宿根草本植物,原产北美洲。1979年由中国科学院植物研究所北京植物园首次从朝鲜引进我国,1980年引种我所栽培,通过几年的试验观察表明:串叶松香草是一种高产、质优、适应性强的饲料作物,近年来,我省广泛发展和应用。据文献报     

喀喇昆仑山-昆仑山地区植物区系组成和分布规律的研究

 喀喇昆仑山—昆仑山地区植物区系组成比较贫乏,在东经90˚以西仅有高等植物约827种,分属于60个科272属。其中,蕨类植物仅3科3属5种,禾本科植物最多,有136种。菊科、豆科、十字花科、莎草科和藜科分别排列在第二至第六位,均含50种以上。区系地理成分组成以中亚的为主,青藏高原成分居第二位。但是,不同的地段存在着明显的差异,在昆仑山主脊南侧高原和中昆仑库木库勒山间盆地青藏高原成分占有的比例高于中亚成分。随着海拔的升高,区系地理成分的组成也发生了有规律的变化,中亚成分占有的比例下降,适应高寒气候的青藏高原成分占有的比例急剧升高,在海拔4250m左右两者占有的比例相等,在海拔5000m以上青藏高原成分显著超过中亚成分。对该地区8个地段的植物区系相似性分析显示,昆仑山主脊南北两翼植物区系的差异远大于东西方向的差异。植物区系地理成分的组成与海拔高度的关系以及植物区系的地理分异规律说明,昆仑山脉作为中亚植物亚区与青藏高原植物亚区之间的分界是符合客观实际的。     

金沙江上游干旱河谷植被

为了解金沙江上游奔子栏到羊拉约130 km河段范围内干旱河谷的植被特征, 作者采用样带与典型样方相结合的方法, 对该河段进行了植物群落调查。结果显示: (1)研究区域记录到野生维管植物51科95属111种(含种下等级), 其中, 蕨类植物4科4属6种; 无裸子植物; 被子植物中双子叶植物40科71属84种; 单子叶植物7科20属21种。(2)群落物种以草本为主, 达67种, 占总物种数的60.36%; 生活型以地面芽植物为主, 占总物种数的32.43%, 矮高位芽次之, 占27.93%; 叶型以微型和小型叶为主, 微型叶有30种, 占统计总数(50种)的60%, 小型叶有11种, 占总数的22%。(3)用双向指示种分析方法可将93个样方分为5个群系。分布最广、物种丰富度最高的是小叶荆 + 小叶野丁香(Form. Vitex microphylla + Leptodermis pilosa var. microphylla)群系。(4)根据对该河谷区域的气候特点、干旱程度、植被特征(植株矮化、叶片小、植物毛被发达、植株具刺、部分植物有吸湿反应性特征等)的分析, 综合植物群落的外貌、结构、物种构成和植物形态, 可以确认金沙江上游干旱河谷植被具有亚热带荒漠植被类型的 特征。