力竭游泳对大鼠心肌线粒体钙运输的影响

 力竭游泳对大鼠心肌线粒体钙运输的影响丁树哲,王文信,连克杰,许豪文（华东师范大学体育系运动生化实验室,上海２０００６２）线粒体钙运输在细胞功能调节方面有重要作用．线粒体通过摄取与释放钙,对其跨膜质子、不依赖底物及产物抑制的ＡＴＰ合成、磷酸化偶联等均有...     

TGFβ alters growth and differentiation related gene expression in proliferating osteoblasts in vitro,preventing development of the mature bone phenotype

This study examines the mechanism by which TGF-β1, an important mediator of cell growth and differentiation, blocks the differentiation of normal rat diploid fetal osteoblasts in vitro. We have established that the inability for pre-osteoblasts to differentiate is associated with changes in the expression of cell growth, matrix forming, and bone related genes. These include histone, jun B, c-fos, collagen, fibronectin, osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatase, and osteopontin. Morphologically, the TGF-β1-treated osteoblasts exhibit an elongated, spread shape as opposed to the characteristic cuboidal appearance during the early stages of growth. This is followed by a decrease in the number of bone nodules formed and the amount of calcium deposition. These effects on differentiation can occur without dramatic changes in cell growth if TGF-β1 is given for a short time early in the proliferative phase. However, continuous exposure to TGF-β1 leads to a bifunctional growth response from a negative effect during the proliferative phase to a positive growth effect during the later matrix maturation and mineralization phases of the osteoblast developmental sequence. Extracellular matrix genes, fibronectin, osteopontin and α1(I) collagen, are altered in their expression pattern which may provide an aberrant matrix environment for mineralization and osteoblast maturation and potentiate the TGF-β1 response throughout the course of osteoblast differentiation. The initiation of a TGF-β1 effect on cell growth and differentiation is restricted to the proliferative phase of the culture before the cells express the mature osteoblastic phenotype. Second passage cells that are accelerated to differentiate by the addition of dexamethasone or by seeding cultures at a high density are refractory to TGF-β1. These in vitro results indicate that TGF-β1 exerts irreversible effects at a specific stage of osteoblast phenotype development resulting in a potent inhibition of osteoblast differentiation at concentrations from 0.1 ng/ml. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Differential effects of warfarin on mRNA levels of developmentally regulated vitamin K dependent proteins,osteocalcin, and matrix Gla protein in vitro

The role of the vitamin K dependent proteins, osteocalcin which is bone specific and matrix Gla protein (MGP) found in many tissues, has been studied by inhibition of synthesis of their characteristic amino acid, γ-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) with the anticoagulant sodium warfarin. The effect of sodium warfarin on expression of these proteins, and other phenotypic markers of bone and cartilage during cellular differentiation and development of tissue extracellular matrix, was examined in several model systems. Parameters assayed include cell growth (reflected by histone gene expression) and collagen types I and II, osteopontin, alkaline phosphatase, and mineralization. Studies were carried out in calvarial bone organ cultures, normal diploid rat osteoblast and chondrocyte cultures, and rat osteosarcoma cell lines ROS 17/2.8 and 25/1. In normal diploid cells, warfarin consistently stimulated cell proliferation (twofold). In osteoblast cultures, MGP mRNA levels were generally increased (three to tenfold). Notably, MGP mRNA levels were not affected in chondrocyte cultures, either with chronic or acute warfarin treatments. Osteocalcin mRNA levels and synthesis were decreased up to 50% in ROS 17/2.8 cells and in chronically treated (1 and 5 μg/ml sodium warfarin) rat osteoblast cultures after 22 days. Early stages of osteoblast phenotype development from the proliferation period to initial tissue formation (nodules) appeared unaffected; while after day 14, further growth and mineralization of the nodule areas were significantly decreased in warfarin-treated cultures. In summary, warfarin has opposing effects on the expression of two vitamin K dependent proteins, MGP and osteocalcin, in osteoblast cultures and MGP is regulated differently between cartilage and bone as reflected by cellular mRNA levels. Additionally, warfarin effects expression of nonvitamin K dependent proteins which may reflect the influence of warfarin on endoplasmic reticulum associated enzymes. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

荒漠植物不同功能群性状特征及其与土壤环境的关系

研究不同功能群植物性状差异及其与土壤环境关系对于充分掌握植物的环境适应策略至关重要。以艾比湖流域为研究区,利用荒漠植物的植物高度、叶片碳、氮、磷、硫、钾、钙、钠、镁含量等9个性状,将高、低土壤水盐环境下的植物划分为5个功能群,分析不同功能群的植物组成、性状差异及其与土壤环境的关系。结果表明：(1)不同土壤水盐环境下,其植物功能群组成不同;其中白刺、胡杨和罗布麻在两个土壤水盐环境下的功能群中均存在。(2)植物的功能性状在不同土壤水盐环境下也发生了适应性的变化。高土壤水盐环境下3个功能群的植物高度、叶片碳、氮、磷和钙含量显著高于低土壤水盐环境功能群(P<0.05);低土壤水盐环境下2个功能群的植物叶片硫、钠和镁含量高于高土壤水盐环境功能群。(3)土壤含水量(SVWC)、电导率(EC)、pH以及土壤磷含量对荒漠植物功能性状影响较大。在高土壤水盐环境下,EC、pH与植物高度,叶片钾、钙含量正相关,与叶片硫含量负相关;在低土壤水盐环境下,SVWC、EC与植物高度呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。研究有助于理解荒漠植物对极端环境的适应对策,为保护荒漠地区生物多样性提供理论依据。     

准分子激光治疗近视眼

本文对准分子激光PRK治疗近视眼息者503例的早期临床结果进行分析,近视范围为－2．0至－15．0D,根据术前屈光度不同分为三组,术后随访三个月．结果证实准分子激光是一种安全、有效、预测性较好的治疗近视眼方法．全部病人提高了裸眼视力,绝大部分保持了最佳矫正视力,且没有产生危及视力的并发症．     

Fractionation of primary amyloid fibrils. Characterization and chemical interaction of the subunits.

Amyloid fibrils of kappa origin from a patient with primary amyloidosis are dissociated in various denaturants and fractionated into their subunit components on Sepharose 6B. Solubilization of the fibrils in 4 M guanidine-HCl followed by reduction and alkylation produced 22 000 and 17 000 dalton fractions. Without prior reduction and alkylation, these fractions exist as a high molecular weight protein which can be separated on Sepharose 6B. A high molecular weight protein can be directly dissociated from the amyloid fibril with 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate or 1 M NaCl. Reduction and alkylation of this material produces the two lower molecular weight fractions, i.e., 22 000 and 17 000. These have in the first 20 residues identical N-terminal amino acid sequences; they share immunologic identity and have similar tryptic peptide map profiles. Amino acid analysis of the 22 000 dalton fraction is identical with the intact immunoglobulin light chain isolated from the patient's serum. These data suggest that the insoluble amyloid fibril is the result of aggregation by disulfide linkages between the 22 000 and 17 000 dalton fractions.