全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1642篇 |
免费 | 163篇 |
国内免费 | 103篇 |
专业分类
1908篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 8篇 |
2023年 | 27篇 |
2022年 | 48篇 |
2021年 | 87篇 |
2020年 | 63篇 |
2019年 | 64篇 |
2018年 | 62篇 |
2017年 | 40篇 |
2016年 | 68篇 |
2015年 | 110篇 |
2014年 | 122篇 |
2013年 | 122篇 |
2012年 | 133篇 |
2011年 | 141篇 |
2010年 | 70篇 |
2009年 | 70篇 |
2008年 | 86篇 |
2007年 | 71篇 |
2006年 | 55篇 |
2005年 | 66篇 |
2004年 | 42篇 |
2003年 | 41篇 |
2002年 | 28篇 |
2001年 | 22篇 |
2000年 | 31篇 |
1999年 | 34篇 |
1998年 | 7篇 |
1997年 | 14篇 |
1996年 | 23篇 |
1995年 | 8篇 |
1994年 | 15篇 |
1993年 | 3篇 |
1992年 | 19篇 |
1991年 | 10篇 |
1990年 | 16篇 |
1989年 | 12篇 |
1988年 | 12篇 |
1987年 | 4篇 |
1986年 | 9篇 |
1985年 | 9篇 |
1984年 | 8篇 |
1983年 | 7篇 |
1981年 | 2篇 |
1980年 | 5篇 |
1979年 | 4篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
1977年 | 4篇 |
1976年 | 1篇 |
1966年 | 1篇 |
1965年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有1908条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
81.
Anderson TJ Tchernyshyov I Diez R Cole RN Geman D Dang CV Winslow RL 《Proteomics》2007,7(8):1197-1207
This study assesses the ability of a novel family of machine learning algorithms to identify changes in relative protein expression levels, measured using 2-D DIGE data, which support accurate class prediction. The analysis was done using a training set of 36 total cellular lysates comprised of six normal and three cancer biological replicates (the remaining are technical replicates) and a validation set of four normal and two cancer samples. Protein samples were separated by 2-D DIGE and expression was quantified using DeCyder-2D Differential Analysis Software. The relative expression reversal (RER) classifier correctly classified 9/9 training biological samples (p<0.022) as estimated using a modified version of leave one out cross validation and 6/6 validation samples. The classification rule involved comparison of expression levels for a single pair of protein spots, tropomyosin isoforms and alpha-enolase, both of which have prior association as potential biomarkers in cancer. The data was also analyzed using algorithms similar to those found in the extended data analysis package of DeCyder software. We propose that by accounting for sources of within- and between-gel variation, RER classifiers applied to 2-D DIGE data provide a useful approach for identifying biomarkers that discriminate among protein samples of interest. 相似文献
82.
Hongyue Dang Jing Li Mingna Chen Tiegang Li Zhigang Zeng Xuebo Yin 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2009,25(2):179-188
Although the deep-sea sediments harbor diverse and novel bacteria with important ecological and environmental functions, a
comprehensive view of their community characteristics is still lacking, considering the vast area and volume of the deep-sea
sedimentary environments. Sediment bacteria vertical distribution and community structure were studied of the E272 site in
the East Pacific Ocean with the molecular methods of 16S rRNA gene T-RFLP (terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism)
and clone library analyses. Layered distribution of the bacterial assemblages was detected by both methods, indicating that
the shallow sediments (40 cm in depth) harbored a diverse and distinct bacterial composition with fine-scale spatial heterogeneity.
Substantial bacterial diversity was detected and nine major bacterial lineages were obtained, including Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria,
Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, Nitrospirae, Planctomycetes, Proteobacteria, and the candidate divisions OP8 and TM6. Three subdivisions of the Proteobacteria presented in our libraries, including the α-, γ- and δ-Proteobacteria. Most of our sequences have low similarity with known bacterial 16S rRNA genes, indicating that these sequences may represent
as-yet-uncultivated novel bacteria. Most of our sequences were related to the GenBank nearest neighboring sequences retrieved
from marine sediments, especially from deep-sea methane seep, gas hydrate or mud volcano environments. Several sequences were
related to the sequences recovered from the deep-sea hydrothermal vent or basalt glasses-bearing sediments, indicating that
our deep-sea sampling site might be influenced to certain degree by the nearby hydrothermal field of the East Pacific Rise
at 13°N.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
83.
Marc S. Schwartz Joseph L. Benci Devarshi S. Selote Anuj K. Sharma Andy G. Y. Chen Hope Dang Hanna Fares Olena K. Vatamaniuk 《PloS one》2010,5(3)
Background
Developing methods for protecting organisms in metal-polluted environments is contingent upon our understanding of cellular detoxification mechanisms. In this regard, half-molecule ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters of the HMT-1 subfamily are required for cadmium (Cd) detoxification. HMTs have conserved structural architecture that distinguishes them from other ABC transporters and allows the identification of homologs in genomes of different species including humans. We recently discovered that HMT-1 from the simple, unicellular organism, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, SpHMT1, acts independently of phytochelatin synthase (PCS) and detoxifies Cd, but not other heavy metals. Whether HMTs from multicellular organisms confer tolerance only to Cd or also to other heavy metals is not known.Methodology/Principal Findings
Using molecular genetics approaches and functional in vivo assays we showed that HMT-1 from a multicellular organism, Caenorhabditis elegans, functions distinctly from its S. pombe counterpart in that in addition to Cd it confers tolerance to arsenic (As) and copper (Cu) while acting independently of pcs-1. Further investigation of hmt-1 and pcs-1 revealed that these genes are expressed in different cell types, supporting the notion that hmt-1 and pcs-1 operate in distinct detoxification pathways. Interestingly, pcs-1 and hmt-1 are co-expressed in highly endocytic C. elegans cells with unknown function, the coelomocytes. By analyzing heavy metal and oxidative stress sensitivities of the coelomocyte-deficient C. elegans strain we discovered that coelomocytes are essential mainly for detoxification of heavy metals, but not of oxidative stress, a by-product of heavy metal toxicity.Conclusions/Significance
We established that HMT-1 from the multicellular organism confers tolerance to multiple heavy metals and is expressed in liver-like cells, the coelomocytes, as well as head neurons and intestinal cells, which are cell types that are affected by heavy metal poisoning in humans. We also showed that coelomocytes are involved in detoxification of heavy metals. Therefore, the HMT-1-dependent detoxification pathway and coelomocytes of C. elegans emerge as novel models for studies of heavy metal-promoted diseases. 相似文献84.
Kien Nguyen Dang El-Qushayri Amr Ehab Ahmed Ali Mahmoud Safi Adnan Mageed Sarah Abdel Mehyar Samar Muhammed Hashan Mohammad Rashidul Karimzadeh Sedighe Hirayama Kenji Huy Nguyen Tien 《中国病毒学》2020,35(1):83-92
The relationship between the severity of dengue infection and allergy is still obscure. We conducted an electronic search across 12 databases for relevant articles reporting allergic symptoms, dengue infection, and dengue classification. These studies were categorized according to dengue severity and allergy symptoms, and a meta-analysis was performed by pooling the studies in each category. Among the included 57 articles, pruritus was the most common allergic sign followed by non-specified allergy and asthma(28.6%, 13%, and 6.5%, respectively). Despite the reported significant association of dengue with pruritus and total Ig E level(P \ 0.05), in comparison with non-dengue cases and healthy controls, there was no association between the different severe dengue group with pruritus, skin allergy, food allergy or asthma. However,removing the largest study revealed a significant association between asthma with dengue hemorrhagic fever(DHF) rather than dengue fever(DF). In comparison with DF, DHF was associated with Ig E positivity. Furthermore, specific-Ig E level was higher in secondary DF rather than primary DF. There was a possible association between allergy symptoms and dengue severity progression. Further studies are needed to clarify this association. 相似文献
85.
茶薪菇菌丝液体培养的营养需求 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
探索茶薪菇菌丝液体培养所需的营养条件,并测定了供试氛源和碳源所培养的菌丝的粗蛋白。结果表明:氨源以玉米浆、蛋白胨最佳;碳源以玉米粉、可溶淀粉最适宜;最佳的碳氮比为20.8:1;有机酸中仅富马酸对其生长有促进作用;磷和锌为菌丝生长的必需矿质元素。 相似文献
86.
城市景观功能的区域协调规划——以深圳市为例 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
城市景观功能的完善是城市可持续发展的重要保障之一,其与区域景观功能的相互协调是城市规划的重要组成部分,有利于城市和区域的整体持续发展。在分析城市景观基本特征的基础上,探讨了城市景观功能区域协调规划的基本思路,以城市景观为规划对象,以人类社会的功能需求为立足点,依据景观生态学理论,将城市景观的功能划分为生物生产功能、环境服务功能、文化支持功能和信息输运功能,对体现这些基本功能的景观类型进行区域协调规划。以深圳市为例,实证分析了其景观功能在珠江三角洲地区的协调规划。 相似文献
87.
88.
Dang PM Fontayne A Hakim J El Benna J Périanin A 《Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)》2001,166(2):1206-1213
Generation of superoxide anion by the multiprotein complex NADPH phagocyte oxidase is accompanied by extensive phosphorylation of its 47-kDa protein component, p47(phox), a major cytosolic component of this oxidase. Protein kinase C zeta (PKC zeta), an atypical PKC isoform expressed abundantly in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN), translocates to the PMN plasma membrane upon stimulation by the chemoattractant fMLP. We investigated the role of PKC zeta in p47(phox) phosphorylation and in superoxide anion production by human PMN. In vitro incubation of recombinant p47(phox) with recombinant PKC zeta induced a time- and concentration-dependent phosphorylation of p47(phox) with an apparent K(m) value of 2 microM. Phosphopeptide mapping analysis of p47(phox) showed that PKC zeta phosphorylated fewer selective sites in comparison to "conventional" PKCs. Serine 303/304 and serine 315 were identified as targets of PKC zeta by site-directed mutagenesis. Stimulation of PMN by fMLP induced a rapid and sustained plasma membrane translocation of PKC zeta that correlated to that of p47(phox). A cell-permeant-specific peptide antagonist of PKC zeta inhibited both fMLP-induced phosphorylation of p47(phox) and its membrane translocation. The antagonist also inhibited the fMLP-induced production of oxidant (IC(50) of 10 microM), but not that induced by PMA. The inhibition of PKC zeta expression in HL-60 neutrophil-like cells using antisense oligonucleotides (5 and 10 microM) inhibited fMLP-promoted oxidant production (27 and 50%, respectively), but not that induced by PMA. In conclusion, p47(phox) is a substrate for PKC zeta and participates in the signaling cascade between fMLP receptors and NADPH oxidase activation. 相似文献
89.
The peri-implantation uterus contains an expanded population of NK1.1(+) V alpha 14(+) TCR(int) (NKT) lymphocytes. Although these cells bear the above features in common with other NKT cells populations in thymus, bone marrow, liver, and spleen, they differ from these other populations in terms of an altered V beta repertoire and absence of a CD4(+) component. In this study, we demonstrate that the uterine population also differs from other NKT cell populations because they recognize a class I/class I-like molecule other than CD1, whereas most previously described V alpha 14(+) NKT cells are CD1-restricted. Moreover, the class I/class I-like molecule leading to the uterine NKT cell expansion may be supplied by the fetus. These data demonstrate a novel mechanism whereby the fetus is capable of modulating the maternal immune system. 相似文献
90.
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are characteristic of Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), a human genetic disorder affecting approximately 1 in 3000 individuals. The absence of neurofibromin in Schwann cells results in hyperactivation of Ras, which contributes to Schwann cell hyperplasia. However, additional intracellular abnormalities in Schwann cells might contribute to the malignancy. We now report that cell lines derived from MPNSTs secrete elevated levels of prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)), express higher levels of phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phosphorylated cytosolic phospholipaseA(2) (cPLA(2)) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) when compared to normal adult human Schwann cells (nhSCs). PCR analysis reveals that NF1 MPNST cell lines express mRNA for both EP2 and EP4 prostaglandin E2 receptors, whereas nhSCs express only the EP4 receptor. COX-2 inhibitors and PGE(2) receptor antagonists decrease the proliferation of MPNST cell lines. These results indicate that prostaglandin metabolism is activated in MPNSTs and might contribute to tumor growth in NF1. 相似文献