Profile distribution of organic carbon and nitrogen in major soil types in the middle of Qilian Mountains

This paper studied the distribution patterns of organic carbon (OC), total nitrogen (TN), NH4+ -N, and NO3- -N in the profiles of brown calcic soil, grey cinnamon soil, chestnut soil, and alpine meadow soil in the middle of Qilian Mountains. In all test soils, the contents of OC, TN, NH4+ -N, and NO3- -N decreased with increasing soil depth, and the accumulation and decomposition of OC and various N forms differed with soil types. The average content of OC in different soil profiles changed from 14.01 to 41.17 g x kg(-1), and was in the order of grey cinnamon soil > alpine meadow soil > chestnut soil > brown calcic soil; the average content of TN changed from 1.28 to 2.73 g x kg(-1), with a sequence of alpine meadow soil > grey cinnamon soil > chestnut soil > brown calcic soil. The C/N ratio was from 11.33 to 19.22, with the order of grey cinnamon soil > chestnut soil > alpine meadow soil > brown calcic soil. NH4+ -N content changed from 5.80 to 8.40 mg x kg(-1), and was in the order of brown calcic soil > alpine meadow soil > chestnut soil > grey cinnamon soil; NO3- -N content changed from 6.57 to 15.11 mg x kg(-1), being in the order of chestnut soil > alpine meadow soil > brown calcic soil > grey cinnamon soil. The ratio of NO3- -N to NH4+ -N was 1.00-2.69, with the sequence of grey cinnamon soil > chestnut soil > alpine meadow soil > brown calcic soil. The OC and N contents in the same soil types differed significantly with the conditions of climate, vegetation, and topography (e. g. , slope aspect and slope position). Correlation analysis showed that there were highly significant nositive correlations between OC, TN, and NH4+ -N, but these three items had no significant positive correlations with NO3- -N. Furthermore, there were highly significant positive correlations between available K, NH4+ -N, and NO3- -N and between available P and OC, significant positive correlations between available P, TN, and NH4+ -N, but no significant correlations between pH, total K, and total P and OC and N.     

岩溶环境下华南忍冬气孔泌钙及其生物矿化

植物对不同生长环境具有不同的适应机制。华南忍冬（Lonicera confusa）是生长于岩溶富钙环境下的典型植物,它具有通过气孔泌钙方式适应富钙环境的特性。以华南忍冬为研究对象,利用环境扫描电镜系统研究了华南忍冬气孔泌钙现象,并对泌钙后自组装的不同生物矿化物质进行了能谱分析,同时对比分析了能谱仪的点扫描和面扫描方式对相同物质的检测效果。结果表明：生长于岩溶富钙环境下的华南忍冬叶片表面不同晶型的钙盐是由气孔排出后形成的;钙盐分泌出组织后,自组装成多种形态的晶体,如晶沙、球晶和棱晶,晶体中除含有较高的钙外,还含有一定量的硫及其它元素,推测晶体的成核物质可能是由含硫氨基酸构成的蛋白质。研究结果为相关钙盐的仿生矿化研究提供了一定的启示。能谱分析能有效用于植物表面的微区分析及植物分泌物的物质基础测定。     

Radical-mediated enzymatic carbon chain fragmentation-recombination

The radical S-adenosylmethionine (S-AdoMet) superfamily contains thousands of proteins that catalyze highly diverse conversions, most of which are poorly understood, owing to a lack of information regarding chemical products and radical-dependent transformations. We here report that NosL, involved in forming the indole side ring of the thiopeptide nosiheptide (NOS), is a radical S-AdoMet 3-methyl-2-indolic acid (MIA) synthase. NosL catalyzed an unprecedented carbon chain reconstitution of L-tryptophan to give MIA, showing removal of the Cα-N unit and shift of the carboxylate to the indole ring. Dissection of the enzymatic process upon the identification of products and a putative glycyl intermediate uncovered a radical-mediated, unusual fragmentation-recombination reaction. This finding unveiled a key step in radical S-AdoMet enzyme-catalyzed structural rearrangements during complex biotransformations. Additionally, NosL tolerated fluorinated L-tryptophan as the substrate, allowing for production of a regiospecifically halogenated thiopeptide that has not been found among the more than 80 members of the naturally occurring thiopeptide family.     

Prolyl hydroxylase 2: a novel regulator of β2 -adrenoceptor internalization

Adrenergic receptor (AR)-mediated signalling is modulated by oxygen levels. Prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs) are crucial for intracellular oxygen sensing and organism survival. However, it remains to be clarified whether or how PHDs are involved in the regulation of β(2) -adrenoceptor (β(2) -AR) signalling. Here we show that PHD2 can modulate the rate of β(2) -AR internalization through interactions with β-arrestin 2. PHD2 hydroxylates β-arrestin 2 at the proline (Pro)(176), Pro(179) and Pro(181) sites, which retards the recruitment of β-arrestin 2 to the plasma membrane and inhibits subsequent co-internalization with β(2) -AR into the cytosol. β(2) -AR internalization is critical to control the temporal and spatial aspects of β(2) -AR signalling. Identifying novel regulators of β(2) -AR internalization will enable us to develop new strategies to manipulate receptor signalling and provide potential targets for drug development in the prevention and treatment of diseases associated with β(2) -AR signalling dysregulation.     

Imidacloprid‐induced transference effect on some elements in rice plants and the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae)

Abstract The widespread use of imidacloprid against insect pests has not only increased the rate of the development of target pest resistance but has also resulted in various negative effects on rice plants and Nilaparvata lugens resurgence. However, the effect of imidacloprid on elements in rice plants and the transference of these element changes between rice and N. lugens are currently poorly understood. The present study investigated changes of Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Ca, K, Mg and Na contents in rice plants following imidacloprid foliar sprays in the adult female of N. lugens that develops from nymphs that feed on treated plants and honeydew produced by females. The results indicated that imidacloprid foliar spray significantly increased Fe and K contents in leaf sheaths. Generally, Fe, Mn, K and Na contents in leaf blades were noticeably decreased, but Ca contents in leaf blades for 10 and 30 mg/kg imidacloprid treatments were significantly increased. The contents of most elements except K and Mg in the adult females and honeydew were significantly elevated. Multivariate statistical analysis showed that Fe, Mn and Na in leaf blades and Fe and Mn in leaf sheaths could be proportionally transferred to N. lugens. The relationship between most elements in adult female bodies and in the honeydew showed a positive correlation coefficient. There were significant differences in the contents of some elements in rice plants and N. lugens from different regions.     

微型移动导管手术室的民用模式研究

微型移动导管手术室是为适应野战条件下心血管急重伤病的快速诊治而研制的新型医疗设备。本文主要研究探讨该微型移动导管手术室的民用模式,包括针对STEMI病人的人机一体化反送救治模式,突发事件中伤员的现场救治模式,重要活动的卫生安全保障模式以及对三线以下城市乡镇的医疗巡诊模式。     

免疫性炎症与前列腺体积及雄激素受体表达的关系

目的:探讨免疫性炎症与前列腺体积及雄激素受体表达的关系。方法:回顾性的分析了105例手术获得的前列腺标本。使用免疫组化的方法研究前列腺组织中CD4、CD8和雄激素受体表达情况。如果CD4或CD8阳性则被定义为免疫性炎症,并进一步探讨了免疫性炎症与前列腺体积、雄激素受体表达之间的关系。结果:在前列腺增生组织中,CD4、CD8和雄激素受体表达的阳性率分别为20(19.0%),21(20.0%)和48(45.7%)。在免疫性炎症组,前列腺体积为67.0±26.3ml,而在非免疫性炎症组,为54.0±24.2ml,有显著性差别。免疫性炎症组雄激素受体表达的阳性率为65.6%,而非免疫性炎症组雄激素受体表达的阳性率为37.0%(X~2=7.35,P<0.05)。结论:免疫性炎症与前列腺体积、雄激素受体表达明显相关。免疫性炎症可能导致前列腺增生进展,因此,抗炎治疗可能是治疗前列腺增生的一个新的靶点。