Two New Species of Aphelenchoididae (Nemata) from Declining Red Pines in Maryland

Aphelenchoides resinosi n. sp. and Ektaphelenchus joyceae n. sp. are described and illustrated from red pines of the Allegheny plateau of Maryland, USA. The new species were found in trees infested with Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. Primary diagnostic characters of A. resinosi females are constriction of the head, basal stylet knobs, tong postuterine sac, two incisures in the lateral field, and conical tail four to five anal body widths long with a simple terminal mucro. Diagnostic characters of the males are two pairs of subventral caudal papillae and spicule shape: Primary diagnostic characters of E. joyceae females are a slight constriction of the head, six similar lips, conical tail, and short postuterine sac. Diagnostic characters of the males are spicule size and shape, a single row of spermatocytes, and one pair of caudal papillae. Within-tree distributions of A. resinosi and E. joyceae are presented. A total of 70% of both red-needled and chlorotic-needled trees in the study were positive for A. resinosi and E. joyceae. Branch hierarchy was related to the percentage of samples positive for A. resinosi.     

甜玉米籽实含糖量的配合力分析

采用不完全双列杂交设计研究了 6个母本3个父本甜玉米自交系籽实含糖量的配合力效应。结果表明,父母本一般配合力和特殊配合力效应均方都显著。根据各亲本的表现把亲本5033归为一般配合力高而特殊配合力方差大的最理想类型;亲本5012和5011属一般配合力高而特殊配合力方差小的类型;亲本5018、5034、5028和5024为一般配合力低,但特殊配合力方差高的类型; 亲本5023和5009属一般配合力效应和特殊配合力方差都低的类型,最缺少实用价值。     

Biosynthesis of Leishmania lipophosphoglycan: solubilization and partial characterization of the initiating mannosyiphosphoryltransferase

Lipophosphoglycan (LPG) is the predominant surface glycoconjugateof Leishmania promastigotes and consists of a capped polymerof Gal(ß1,4)Man(     

神经生长因子结构与功能研究进展

神经生长因子(NGF)是神经营养因子家族的典型代表, 它控制着脊椎动物周围和中枢神经系统中部分神经元的发育和存活.NGF的三维结构是以“胱氨酸结”和β折叠为基础,它以二聚体的形式结合细胞表面的受体从而发生生物学效应.参与这些反应的氨基酸残基已通过化学修饰和定点突变法加以确定,这有助于更进一步理解其结构与功能的关系.     

利用染色体涂染方法建立人和白眉长臂猿(Hylobates hoolock)的比较染色体图谱

除人Y染色体外,本文采用生物素标记的人全部整条染色体特异探针与白眉长臂猿(Hylobates hoolock)有丝分裂中期分裂相进行染色体原位杂交即染色体涂染法以研究人和白眉长臂猿染色体之间的同源性。在白眉长臂猿18对常染色体上检测出了与人22对常染色体同源的59对染色体片段,确定了人和白眉长臂猿之间的精度较高的染色体连锁群。结果表明:自人与白眉长臂猿的祖先分歧以来,大量的染色体间重排(至少发生了39次易位)和染色体内的重排导致了二者核型的差异。根据杂交结果绘制了首份人和白眉长臂猿比较染色体图谱,并结合已有的人和白掌长臂猿(Hylobates lar)(2n=44)和合趾长臂猿(Hylobates syndactylus)(2n=50)的比较染色体图谱对长臂猿属的染色体进化作了初步的探讨。     

Vasomotor instability preceding tilt-induced syncope: does respiration play a role?

Lipsitz, Lewis A., Raymond Morin, Margaret Gagnon, DanKiely, and Aharon Medina. Vasomotor instability precedingtilt-induced syncope: does respiration play a role? J. Appl. Physiol. 83(2): 383-390, 1997.This studyaimed to determine whether alterations in cardiovascular dynamicsbefore syncope are related to changes in spontaneous respiration.Fifty-two healthy subjects underwent continuous heart rate (HR),arterial blood pressure (BP), and respiratory measurements during10-min periods of spontaneous and paced breathing (0.25 Hz) in thesupine and 60° head-up tilt positions. Data were evaluated by powerspectrum and transfer function analyses. During tilt, 27 subjectsdeveloped syncope or presyncope and 25 remained asymptomatic. Subjectswith tilt-induced syncope had significantly greater increases inlow-frequency (0.04-0.15 Hz) systolic BP, diastolic BP, and HRpower during tilt than the asymptomatic subjects(P  0.01). This difference waspresent during spontaneous but not paced breathing. However, averagetidal volume, respiratory rate, minute ventilation, proportion ofbreaths below 0.15 Hz, and low-frequency respiratory power during tilt did not differ between syncopal and nonsyncopal subjects. Transfer magnitudes between low-frequency respiration and BP, and between BP andinterbeat interval, were also similar between groups. Thus vasomotorinstability before syncope is not related to alterations in respirationor the cardiovagal baroreflex but may reflect oscillating centralsympathetic outflow to the vasculature.

     

水盐负荷改变时分泌心房钠尿肽的心房特殊颗粒数目与其钙含量的相关变化

本文报道大鼠水盐负荷时,其心房特殊颗粒（ＡＳＧ）的数目及钙含量发生相关变化。给大鼠禁水５ｄ或饮２％ＮａＣｌ液４ｄ造成水盐负荷,用电镜形态计量法计数ＡＳＧ,以反映心房钠尿肽（ＡＮＰ）的分泌水平,电镜Ｘ射线显微分析法测定ＡＳＧ中钙、硫含量及肌质同终末池（ＴＳＲ）中钙含量。结果显示,禁水引起ＡＮＰ分泌减少时,ＡＳＧ的数密度增加（６．０２±２．３０增至９．９７±３．２１个／μｍ３）,同时伴有钙含量增加（６４±１６增至９２±１８ｍｍｏｌ／ｋｇ）;饮盐水引起ＡＮＰ分泌增加时,ＡＳＧ的数密度减少（６．０２±２．３０减至２．９６±１．６２个／μｍ３）,巨伴有钙含量减少（６４±１６减至３８±２２ｍｍｏｌ／ｋｇ）,但水盐负荷对ＴＳＲ中钙浓度无任何影响。据此推论ＡＳＧ作为细胞内钙库,借某种机制调控其中钙的释放而参与ＡＮＰ的刺激分泌耦联过程。     

刺激下丘脑弓状核或垂体前叶对丘脑束旁核神经元伤害性反应的抑制

采用电生理学方法,观察电刺激大鼠下丘脑弓状核（ＡＲＣ）或垂体前叶（ＡＬ）,对丘脑束旁核（Ｐｆ）神经元伤害性反应的影响。实验结果表明,电刺激ＡＲＣ能抑制Ｐｆ神经元的伤害性放电,这种抑制很快出现,也很快恢复,称为即时抑制。电刺激Ａ辄能抑制Ｐｆ神经元的伤害性放电,这种抑制的出现有一定的潜伏期,并持续较长时间,称为延迟抑制。摘除垂体减弱刺激ＡＲＣ的即时抑制,而损毁ＡＲＣ则减弱刺激ＡＬ的延迟抑制。地塞米松预     

内皮衍生舒张因子对缺血（缺氧）,再灌注（复氧）心肌的保护作用

血管内皮产生的内皮衍生舒张因子（ｅｎｄｏｔｈｅｌｉｕｍ－ｄｅｒｉｖｅｄ ｒｅｌａｘｉｎｇ ｆａｃｔｏｒ,ＥＤＲＦ）即一氧化氮（ｎｉｔｒｉｃ ｏｘｉｄｅ,ＮＯ）本工作分别在大鼠Ｌａｎｇｅｎｄｏｒｆｆ离体心脏灌流模型和培养的大鼠心肌细胞上观察了ＮＯ、ＮＯ的前体物质Ｌ－精氨酸（Ｌ－Ａｒｇ）、ＮＯ的前体物质Ｌ－精氨酸（Ｌ－Ａｒｇ）、ＮＯ的合成阻断剂Ｌ－硝基精氨酸（Ｌ－ＮＮＡ）对心肌缺血（缺氧）再灌注（复氧     

Crankshaft motions of the polypeptide backbone in molecular dynamics simulations of human type-α transforming growth factor

Summary Order parameters for the backbone N–H and C–H bond vectors have been calculated from a 150 ps molecular dynamics (MD) simulation of human type- transforming growth factor in H₂O solvent. Two kinds of crankshaft motions of the polypeptide backbone are observed in this MD trajectory. The first involves small-amplitude rocking of the rigid peptide bond due to correlated changes in the backbone dihedral angles _i–1 and _i. These high-frequency librational crankshaft motions are correlated with systematically smaller values of motional order parameters for backbone N–H bond vectors compared to C–H bond vectors. In addition, infrequent crankshaft flips of the peptide bond from one local minimum to another are observed for several amino acid residues. These MD simulations demonstrate that comparisons of N–H and C–H order parameters provide a useful approach for identifying crank-shaft librational motions in proteins.