全文获取类型
收费全文 | 13205篇 |
免费 | 1244篇 |
国内免费 | 978篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 21篇 |
2023年 | 142篇 |
2022年 | 358篇 |
2021年 | 648篇 |
2020年 | 442篇 |
2019年 | 545篇 |
2018年 | 520篇 |
2017年 | 370篇 |
2016年 | 557篇 |
2015年 | 827篇 |
2014年 | 923篇 |
2013年 | 991篇 |
2012年 | 1142篇 |
2011年 | 1149篇 |
2010年 | 705篇 |
2009年 | 631篇 |
2008年 | 795篇 |
2007年 | 663篇 |
2006年 | 586篇 |
2005年 | 510篇 |
2004年 | 458篇 |
2003年 | 447篇 |
2002年 | 386篇 |
2001年 | 148篇 |
2000年 | 135篇 |
1999年 | 113篇 |
1998年 | 95篇 |
1997年 | 82篇 |
1996年 | 93篇 |
1995年 | 58篇 |
1994年 | 73篇 |
1993年 | 47篇 |
1992年 | 82篇 |
1991年 | 60篇 |
1990年 | 49篇 |
1989年 | 47篇 |
1988年 | 43篇 |
1987年 | 36篇 |
1986年 | 34篇 |
1985年 | 43篇 |
1984年 | 26篇 |
1983年 | 35篇 |
1982年 | 33篇 |
1981年 | 31篇 |
1980年 | 26篇 |
1979年 | 17篇 |
1978年 | 20篇 |
1976年 | 23篇 |
1975年 | 18篇 |
1974年 | 22篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
61.
Resonance Raman spectra of the heme in leghemoglobin. Evidence for the absence of ruffling and the influence of the vinyl groups 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
D L Rousseau M R Ondrias G N LaMar S B Kong K M Smith 《The Journal of biological chemistry》1983,258(3):1740-1746
Resonance Raman spectra of deoxy and carbonmonoxy leghemoglobin (Lb) are compared to the corresponding forms of human adult hemoglobin (HbA). It is found that the heme "core size" indicator line has nearly the same frequency for the two deoxyhemoglobins and the pi-electron density-sensitive line also falls at the same frequency. However, several other modes occur at very different frequencies in the spectra of the two proteins. From an examination of the spectrum of an HbA derivative in which the beta-carbon atoms of the heme vinyl groups were deuterated, it appears that the major differences between deoxy-HbA and -Lb may result from conformational changes in the vinyl groups. No evidence for the suggested ruffling (Irwin, M. J., Armstrong, R. S., and Wright, P. E. (1981) FEBS Lett. 133, 239-243) in deoxy-Lb was found. The spectra of carbonmonoxy-Lb and -HbA were also found to be very different. As in the deoxy case, some of these frequency differences could be attributed to vinyl group conformational differences. However, from the large difference in the pi-electron density-sensitive line, it appears that the vinyl pi-conjugation into the porphyrin in Lb(CO) may be different than it is in HbA(CO). The vinyl conformational differences may be a consequence of the looser heme pocket in Lb than in HbA. The difference in pi-conjugation could make a significant contribution to the difference in ligand binding affinity for these two globins. 相似文献
62.
William H. Petri James W. Fristrom Dan J. Stewart E. W. Hanly 《Molecular & general genetics : MGG》1971,110(3):245-262
Summary Late third instar imaginal discs of Drosophila melanogaster cultured in vitro in Robb's tissue culture medium synthesize 38S, 28S and 18S ribosomal RNAs which are qualitatively indistinguishable from their in vivo synthesized counterparts (Fig. 1). As found in other insect systems, the 38S molecule appears to be the precursor for both the 28S and 18S rRNAs (Figs. 2, 3 and 4). The 28S rRNA and a portion of the 38S pre-rRNA shift in sedimentation value upon exposure to heat or dimethylsulfoxide (Figs. 5 and 8). Studies of the thermal denaturations of these molecules (Figs. 6, 7 and 9) indicate the existence of a single class of 28S rRNA, but three classes of 38S pre-rRNAs. The addition of -ecdysone to the in vitro culture medium stimulates the net amount of rRNA synthesized, increases the rate of processing of the 38S precursor and increases the relative amount of 18S material produced (Figs. 10 and 12).This work was supported in part by grants from the National Science Foundation (GB-8176) and from the Atomic Energy Commission (AT-04-3-34).Predoctoral Trainees, PHS Training Grant No. 2-Tl-GM367 from Research Training Grants Branch, National Institute of General Medical Sciences.1 For purposes of simplification we shall refer to the rRNA molecules of D. melanogaster as being 38S, 30S, 28S and 18S; however, it should be noted that these values are approximate (see Hastings and Kirby, 1966; Greenberg, 1969; Tartof and Perry, 1970). 相似文献
63.
64.
Dan Cohen 《The Journal of general physiology》1962,45(5):959-977
Specific binding sites for potassium, which may be components of the carriers for active transport for K in Chlorella, were characterized by their capacity to bind rubidium. A dense suspension was allowed to take up Rb86 from a low concentration of Rb86 and a high concentration of ions which saturate non-specific sites. The amount bound was derived from the increase in the external concentration of Rb86 following addition of excess potassium. The sites were heterogeneous. The average affinity of Rb and various other ions for the sites was determined by plotting the degree of displacement of Rb86 against log molar concentration of the individual ions. Interpolation gave the concentration for 50 per cent displacement of Rb, which is inversely related to affinity. The order of affinity was not changed when the cells were frozen, or boiled either in water or in 70 per cent ethanol. The affinity is maximal for ions with a crystalline radius of 1.3 to 1.5 A and a high polarizability, and is not related to the hydrated radius or valency. It is suggested that binding groups in a site are rigidly arranged, the irregular space between them being 2.6 to 3.0 A across, so that affinity is high for ions of this diameter and high polarizability. 相似文献
65.
66.
We have examined the nature of the circular dichroism band at 330 mμ for a series of copolymers of β-p-nitrobenzyl L -aspartate with β-benzyl L -aspartate. The circular dichroism band arises from an electronic transition in the nitroaromatic group. In order to interpret the effect quantitatively, we employed a simplified statistical treatment and curve fitting for six copolymers. Both approaches gave consistent results, which indicates that the dichroism comes from pairwise interactions between two nitrobenzyl groups. We constructed a molecular model that meets the constraints and requirements of the analyses developed in this paper. In this model, it is proposed that the main chain forms a right-handed α-helix and that nitrobenzyl groups separated by four residues interact with each other. 相似文献
67.
THE ACROSOME REACTION IN MYTILUS EDULIS : I. Fine Structure of the Intact Acrosome 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0 下载免费PDF全文
The intact acrosome of the Mytilus edulis spermatozoon consists of a conical vesicle, the basal side of which is deeply invaginated so that the whole vesicle forms a sheath around a very slender axial rod, about 2.7 µ long, inserted in a tube passing through the nucleus. The annular base of the acrosomal vesical is filled with a homogeneous substance; the outer wall of the vesicle is lined with a somewhat irregular layer of a particulate substance interspersed with very fine tubular elements, and its lumen is nearly filled by a strand of material which extends from the inner tip of the invagination to the apex of the acrosome. The lumen of the invagination appears empty except for the rod and a delicate sleeve-like structure which surrounds it. The plasma membrane of the sperm cell lies in immediate contact with the acrosomal membrane over its whole outer surface. In its general organization, this molluscan acrosome shows a rather close homology with that of the annelid Hydroides. 相似文献
68.
E. Y. Lasfargues Dan H. Moore Margaret R. Murray Cushman D. Haagensen E. C. Pollard 《The Journal of cell biology》1959,5(1):93-95
Thin sections of tissue cultures grown from tumors of the RIII high-breast-cancer strain mice were studied in the electron microscope. These tissues contain an abundance of particles whose morphology is consistent with biophysical measurement of the milk agent. These particles, found only extracellularly in our cultures, are formed at the cell membrane. The process of formation, as reconstructed from sections, appears to include a thickening and protrusion of the cell membrane which then evolves gradually into a dense sphere and separates from the cell in much the same manner as does influenza virus. The contents of the newly formed body are later rearranged to form a nucleoid within a membranous sac. 相似文献
69.
This study examined the morphological development of single inhibitory arborizations in the gerbil central auditory brain stem. Using a brain slice preparation, neurons of the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB) were filled with horseradish peroxidase (HRP), and their complete arborizations were analyzed along the tonotopic axis of the lateral superior olive (LSO). The projections in neonatal animals displayed well-defined arbors that were ordered appropriately within the LSO. It was evident from the axonal pathways that the MNTB afferents could correct for projection errors after reaching the postsynaptic population. As development progressed, a number of arbors established diffuse or inappropriate projections within the LSO. These immature arborizations were no longer apparent by 18–25 days postnatal. The anatomical specificity of arbors at 12–13 and 18–25 days was quantified by measuring the distance that terminal boutons spread across the frequency axis. There was a significant reduction of this distance in older animals. In addition, there was a significant reduction in the mean number of boutons per arbor between 12–13 days and 18–25 days. The maximum nucleus cross-sectional area continued to increase through 15–16 days, indicating that the refined arbors occupied an even smaller fraction of the postsynaptic structure. Taken together, these observations suggest that central inhibitory arbors form exuberant contacts that must be eliminated during development. 相似文献
70.
Summary Plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1) was identified in extracts of rat adrenal medulla, and its immunohistochemical localization was studied together with that of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA). By staining of adjacent sections and by doublestaining of the same section we demonstrate that the same cells of the adrenal medulla contain both PAI-1 and t-PA immunoreactivity in the cytoplasm. In addition a few ganglion cells of the adrenal medulla were found to contain PAI-1 but not t-PA. Neither of the components were found in the adrenal cortex. Analysis of extracts from isolated adrenal medulla using reverse zymography showed the presence of a plasminogen activator inhibitor with M
r46000. The inhibitory activity disappeared when the extract was passed through a column with sepharose-coupled anti-PAI-1 IgG, while the run-through from a similar column coupled with preimmune IgG still contained the inhibitor. The present findings suggest that PAI-1 could play a role in the regulation of t-PA activity in the rat adrenal gland medullary cells. 相似文献