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71.
Stefan Schindler Fionnuala H. O’Neill Marianna Biró Christian Damm Viktor Gasso Robert Kanka Theo van der Sluis Andreas Krug Sophie G. Lauwaars Zita Sebesvari Martin Pusch Boris Baranovsky Thomas Ehlert Bernd Neukirchen James R. Martin Katrin Euller Volker Mauerhofer Thomas Wrbka 《Biodiversity and Conservation》2016,25(7):1349-1382
Floodplain ecosystems are biodiversity hotspots and supply multiple ecosystem services. At the same time they are often prone to human pressures that increasingly impact their intactness. Multifunctional floodplain management can be defined as a management approach aimed at a balanced supply of multiple ecosystem services that serve the needs of the local residents, but also those of off-site populations that are directly or indirectly impacted by floodplain management and policies. Multifunctional floodplain management has been recently proposed as a key concept to reconcile biodiversity and ecosystem services with the various human pressures and their driving forces. In this paper we present biophysics and management history of floodplains and review recent multifunctional management approaches and evidence for their biodiversity effects for the six European countries Ireland, the Netherlands, Germany, Slovakia, Hungary and the Ukraine. Multifunctional use of floodplains is an increasingly important strategy in some countries, for instance in the Netherlands and Hungary, and management of floodplains goes hand in hand with sustainable economic activities resulting in flood safety and biodiversity conservation. As a result, biodiversity is increasing in some of the areas where multifunctional floodplain management approaches are implemented. We conclude that for efficient use of management resources and ecosystem services, consensual solutions need to be realized and biodiversity needs to be mainstreamed into management activities to maximize ecosystem service provision and potential human benefits. Multifunctionality is more successful where a broad range of stakeholders with diverse expertise and interests are involved in all stages of planning and implementation. 相似文献
72.
R Kirnbauer A K?ck T Schwarz A Urbanski J Krutmann W Borth D Damm G Shipley J C Ansel T A Luger 《Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)》1989,142(6):1922-1928
IL-6, which is also known as IFN-beta 2, hybridoma growth factor, hepatocyte-stimulating factor, and B cell differentiation factor, mediates acute phase responses including fever, has lymphocyte-stimulating capacities, and antiviral activity. IL-6 is produced by monocytes, fibroblasts, certain lymphocytes, and various tumor cells. The present study demonstrates that this multifunctional cytokine is released also by normal human epidermal cells (EC) and human epidermoid carcinoma cell lines (A431, KB). Accordingly, supernatants derived from freshly isolated EC, long term keratinocyte cultures, A431, or KB cells stimulated the proliferation of a hybridoma growth factor/IL-6-dependent plasmacytoma cell line (B9). IL-6 constitutively was produced in the presence of serum proteins. The addition of IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, or the tumor promoter PMA significantly enhanced the synthesis and release of EC-derived IL-6 (EC-IL 6). Like monocyte or fibroblast-derived IL-6, EC-IL-6 exhibited Mr microheterogeneity within 21 and 28 kDa. Similarly in Western blotting experiments an antiserum directed against human rIFN-beta 2/IL-6 detected the different Mr forms of EC-IL-6. Moreover, this antiserum was able to block the B9 cell growth-promoting capacity of EC-IL-6 strongly suggesting that this EC-derived mediator is closely related, if not identical with IL-6. This was further confirmed by Northern blot analysis detecting IL-6 specific mRNA both in long term cultured keratinocytes and A431 cells by hybridization with a cDNA fragment encoding for B cell differentiating factor 2/IL-6. Therefore, in addition to the production of other cytokines as previously reported, EC and in particular keratinocytes also synthesize and release IL-6. This further supports the important regulatory role of the epidermis during the pathogenesis of inflammatory, autoimmune, and neoplastic diseases. 相似文献
73.
Standard force fields used in biomolecular computing describe electrostatic interactions in terms of fixed, usually atom-centered, charges. Real physical systems, however, polarize substantially when placed in a high-dielectric medium such as water--or even when a strongly charged system approaches a neutral body in the gas phase. Such polarization strongly affects the geometry and energetics of molecular recognition. First introduced more than 20 years ago, polarizable force fields seek to account for appropriate variations in charge distribution with dielectric environment. Over the past five years, an accelerated pace of development of such force fields has taken place on systems ranging from liquid water to metalloenzymes. Noteworthy progress has been made in better understanding the capabilities and limitations of polarizable models for water and in the formulation and utilization of complete specifically parameterized polarizable force fields for peptides and proteins. 相似文献
74.
J B Damm H Voshol K H?rd J P Kamerling J F Vliegenthart 《European journal of biochemistry》1989,180(1):101-110
The carbohydrate chains of equine fibrinogen were enzymatically released by peptide-N4-(N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminyl)asparagine amidase F. The oligosaccharides obtained were fractionated by a combination of FPLC and HPLC and analyzed by 500-MHz 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Four monosialo and four disialo diantennary N-acetyllactosamine type of carbohydrate chains occur: (formula; see text) 相似文献
75.
Tine D. Clausen Erik L. Mortensen Lone Schmidt Elisabeth R. Mathiesen Torben Hansen Dorte M. Jensen Peter Damm 《PloS one》2013,8(6)
Objective
We aimed to evaluate cognitive function in adult offspring of women with diet-treated gestational diabetes and to study potential associations with maternal glucose values.Materials and Methods
In 2003–2005 cognitive function was assessed in a cohort of 18–27 year old offspring of women with diet-treated gestational diabetes mellitus (n = 153) and offspring from the background population (n = 118). The main outcome measure was global cognitive score derived from Raven’s Progressive Matrices and three verbal subtests from the Weschler Adult Intelligence Scale. Maternal fasting- and 2-hour blood glucose values from the diagnostic oral glucose tolerance test were used as exposure variables.Results
Offspring of women with gestational diabetes mellitus had a lower global cognitive score, than offspring from the background population (93.1 vs. 100.0, P<0.001). However, when adjusted for maternal age at delivery, parity, smoking during pregnancy, pre-pregnancy overweight, family social class, parental educational level, gender, birth weight, gestational age, perinatal complications and offspring age at follow-up, the difference was no longer statistically significant. Offspring global cognitive score decreased significantly with increasing maternal fasting glucose (β = −4.5, 95% CI −8.0 to −0.9, P = 0.01) and 2-hour glucose (β = −1.5, −2.9 to −0.2, P = 0.03) in univariate general linear models, but not when adjusted for family social class and parental educational level.Conclusions
Lower cognitive test scores in adult offspring of women with diet-treated gestational diabetes were explained by well known predictors of cognitive function, but not by maternal hyperglycaemia during pregnancy. We find it reassuring that mild intrauterine hyperglycaemia does not seem to have adverse effect on offspring cognitive function. 相似文献76.
Max Seidensticker Ricarda Seidensticker Robert Damm Konrad Mohnike Maciej Pech Bruno Sangro Peter Hass Peter Wust Siegfried Kropf Günther Gademann Jens Ricke 《PloS one》2014,9(11)
Background/Aim
Targeted radiotherapy of liver malignancies has found to be effective in selected patients. A key limiting factor of these therapies is the relatively low tolerance of the liver parenchyma to radiation. We sought to assess the preventive effects of a combined regimen of pentoxifylline (PTX), ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and low-dose low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) on focal radiation-induced liver injury (fRILI).Methods and Materials
Patients with liver metastases from colorectal carcinoma who were scheduled for local ablation by radiotherapy (image-guided high-dose-rate interstitial brachytherapy) were prospectively randomized to receive PTX, UDCA and LMWH for 8 weeks (treatment) or no medication (control). Focal RILI at follow-up was assessed using functional hepatobiliary magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A minimal threshold dose, i.e. the dose to which the outer rim of the fRILI was formerly exposed to, was quantified by merging MRI and dosimetry data.Results
Results from an intended interim-analysis made a premature termination necessary. Twenty-two patients were included in the per-protocol analysis. Minimal mean hepatic threshold dose 6 weeks after radiotherapy (primary endpoint) was significantly higher in the study treatment-group compared with the control (19.1 Gy versus 14.6 Gy, p = 0.011). Qualitative evidence of fRILI by MRI at 6 weeks was observed in 45.5% of patients in the treatment versus 90.9% of the control group. No significant differences between the groups were observed at the 12-week follow-up.Conclusions
The post-therapeutic application of PTX, UDCA and low-dose LMWH significantly reduced the extent and incidence fRILI at 6 weeks after radiotherapy. The development of subsequent fRILI at 12 weeks (4 weeks after cessation of PTX, UDCA and LMWH during weeks 1–8) in the treatment group was comparable to the control group thus supporting the observation that the agents mitigated fRILI.Trial Registration
EU clinical trials register 2008-002985-70 ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01149304相似文献77.
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Alexander Damm Eugenie Paul‐Limoges Daniel Kükenbrink Christoph Bachofen Felix Morsdorf 《Global Change Biology》2020,26(4):2717-2727
The global exchange of gas (CO2, H2O) and energy (sensible and latent heat) between forest ecosystems and the atmosphere is often assessed using remote sensing (RS) products. Although these products are essential in quantifying the spatial variability of forest–atmosphere exchanges, large uncertainties remain from a measurement bias towards top of canopy fluxes since optical RS data are not sensitive for the vertically integrated forest canopy. We hypothesize that a tomographic perspective opens new pathways to advance upscaling gas exchange processes from leaf to forest stands and larger scales. We suggest a 3D modelling environment comprising principles of ecohydrology and radiative transfer modelling with measurements of micrometeorological variables, leaf optical properties and forest structure, and assess 3D fields of net CO2 assimilation (An) and transpiration (T) in a Swiss temperate forest canopy. 3D simulations were used to quantify uncertainties in gas exchange estimates inherent to RS approaches and model assumptions (i.e. a big‐leaf approximation in modelling approaches). Our results reveal substantial 3D heterogeneity of forest gas exchange with top of canopy An and T being reduced by up to 98% at the bottom of the canopy. We show that a simplified use of RS causes uncertainties in estimated vertical gas exchange of up to 300% and that the spatial variation of gas exchange in the footprint of flux towers can exceed diurnal dynamics. We also demonstrate that big‐leaf assumptions can cause uncertainties up to a factor of 10 for estimates of An and T. Concluding, we acknowledge the large potential of 3D assessments of gas exchange to unravelling the role of vertical variability and canopy structure in regulating forest–atmosphere gas and energy exchange. Such information allows to systematically link canopy with global scale controls on forest functioning and eventually enables advanced understanding of forest responses to environmental change. 相似文献