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131.
Climate determinants of breeding and wintering ranges of lesser kestrels in Italy and predicted impacts of climate change
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Michelangelo Morganti Damiano Preatoni Maurizio Sarà 《Journal of avian biology》2017,48(12):1595-1607
Climate warming would theoretically create conditions for the breeding range expansion of pseudo‐steppe Mediterranean and long‐distance migrant species and provide the possibility for these to overwinter in the same breeding areas. However, contemporary changes in rainfall regimes might have negative effects on the climate suitability and in turn, shrink species potential range. The lesser kestrel Falco naumanni is highly sensitive to rainfall oscillations and has recently extended its Italian breeding range towards northern latitudes and increasing its wintering records. We modelled the effects of temperature and rainfall on current and future climate suitability for lesser kestrels in both the breeding and wintering periods by using MaxEnt. Models were based on the distribution of 298 colonies and 40 wintering records. Future climate suitability was assessed under eight different scenarios. Spring rainfall amount resulted as the main determinant of breeding climate suitability, so its predicted reduction will determine a shrinkage in suitable areas (–42.10% in 2050; –32.07% in 2070). Specifically, the 66.05% of Italian colonies will be outside the climatically suitable area by 2050. However wide areas, suitable under current climate conditions, are still not occupied by lesser kestrel and allow the potential expansion of its Italian breeding range in the short term. Temperature seasonality mainly determined the species’ winter climate suitability, which is overall predicted to boost in the next decades (+145.03% in 2050; and +123.91% in 2070). All but one future scenarios predicted a northward shift of about 40 km for both breeding and wintering climate suitability. Despite its recent expansion, we have found that climate change will pose conservation concerns for the Italian breeding population of lesser kestrels. Indeed, changes in non‐climate factors will also outline the future suitability of the Italian range for lesser kestrels in both seasons with effects that might both strengthen or mitigate climate effects. 相似文献
132.
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has been used extensively to study neuroinflammation, but usually its effects were examined acutely (24 h<). We have shown previously that a single intraperitoneal LPS injection activated satellite glial cells (SGCs) in mouse dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and altered several functional parameters in these cells for at least one week. Here we asked whether the LPS effects would persist for 1 month. We injected mice with a single LPS dose and tested pain behavior, assessed SGCs activation in DRG using glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunostaining, and injected a fluorescent dye intracellularly to study intercellular coupling. Electron microscopy was used to quantitate changes in gap junctions. We found that at 30 days post-LPS the threshold to mechanical stimulation was lower than in controls. GFAP expression, as well as the magnitude of dye coupling among SGCs were greater than in controls. Electron microscopy analysis supported these results, showing a greater number of gap junctions and an abnormal growth of SGC processes. These changes were significant, but less prominent than at 7 days post-LPS. We conclude that a single LPS injection exerts long-term behavioral and cellular changes. The results are consistent with the idea that SGC activation contributes to hyperalgesia. 相似文献
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Ian Stansfield Caterina Ercolani Angela Mackay Immacolata Conte Marco Pompei Uwe Koch Nadia Gennari Claudio Giuliano Michael Rowley Frank Narjes 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2009,19(3):627-632
We report the evolutionary path from an open-chain series to conformationally constrained tetracyclic indole inhibitors of HCV NS5B-polymerase, where the C2 aromatic is tethered to the indole nitrogen. SAR studies led to the discovery of zwitterionic compounds endowed with good intrinsic enzyme affinity and cell-based potency, as well as superior DMPK profiles to their acyclic counterparts, and ultimately to the identification of a pre-clinical candidate with an excellent predicted human pharmacokinetic profile. 相似文献
135.
Damiano G. Mita Nadia Diano Valentina Grano Marianna Portaccio Sergio Rossi Umberto Bencivenga Immacolata Manco Carla Nicolucci Mariangela Bianco Tiziana Grimaldi Luigi Mita Svetla Georgieva Tzonka Godjevargova 《Journal of Molecular Catalysis .B, Enzymatic》2009,58(1-4):199-207
Endocrine disruptors are chemicals able to induce adverse effects into wildlife and humans owing to their ability of interfering with the endocrine system. Bisphenol A (BPA) has been chosen as model of endocrine disruptors. To reduce the BPA pollution in waters we proposed the employment of the process of thermodialysis. Two different catalytic membranes have been prepared by covalently immobilizing laccase (from Trametes versicolor) by means of a diazotation process or tyrosinase (from mushroom) by condensation. The support was a nylon membrane. The bioremediation power of both catalytic membranes has been analysed under isothermal and non-isothermal conditions.The advantages in using non-isothermal bioreactors were discussed in terms of reduction of the bioremediation times. 相似文献
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Parvin Salehi Shanjani Mohsen Mardi Leila Pazouki Marianna Hagidimitriou Damiano Avanzato S. Mostafa Pirseyedi Mohammad Reza Ghaffari S. Mojtaba Khayam Nekoui 《Tree Genetics & Genomes》2009,5(3):447-458
Knowledge of pistachio genetic diversity is necessary for the formulation of appropriate management strategies for the conservation
of these species. We analysed amplified fragment length polymorphisms in a total of 216 pistachio accessions, which included
seven populations from three wild species (Pistacia vera, Pistacia khinjuk and Pistacia atlantica subsp. kurdica) and most of the important cultivars from Iran, together with some foreign cultivars. High levels of genetic diversity were
detected within the Iranian cultivars, and they showed a clear separation from foreign cultivars, as revealed by unweighted
pair group method with arithmetic averaging and supported by analysis of molecular variance. The lowest amount of polymorphism
was observed in P. atlantica subsp. kurdica, which showed the lowest number of total bands as compared to the other species. This revealed strong genetic erosion of
P. atlantica subsp. kurdica, which reflected a severe decline in habitat and over-exploitation. Based on these findings, strategies are proposed for
the genetic conservation and management of pistachio species and cultivars. 相似文献
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Bonaccorsi I Cantoni C Carrega P Oliveri D Lui G Conte R Navarra M Cavaliere R Traggiai E Gattorno M Martini A Mingari MC Moretta A Ferlazzo G 《PloS one》2010,5(11):e15080
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are a subset of dendritic cells endowed with the capacity of producing large amounts of IFNα. Here we show that the Leukocyte-Associated Ig-like Receptor-1 (LAIR-1) is abundantly expressed on pDCs (the highest expression among all leukocytes) and its cross-linking inhibits IFNα production in response to Toll-like receptor ligands. Remarkably, LAIR-1 expression in pDCs is down-regulated in the presence of interleukin (IL)-3, thus indicating coordinated functions with NKp44, another pDC inhibitory receptor, which is conversely induced by IL-3. Nevertheless, the expression of NKp44 in pDCs isolated from secondary lymphoid organs, which is thought to be influenced by IL-3, is not coupled to a decreased expression of LAIR-1. Interestingly, pDCs isolated from peripheral blood of systemic lupus erithematosus (SLE) patients express lower levels of LAIR-1 while displaying slight but consistent expression of NKp44, usually undetectable on pDCs derived from healthy donors. Using sera derived from SLE patients, we show that LAIR-1 and NKp44 display synergistic inhibitory effects on IFNα production by interleukin IL-3 cultured pDCs stimulated with DNA immunocomplexes. In conclusion, our results indicate that the inhibitory function of LAIR-1 may play a relevant role in the mechanisms controlling IFNα production by pDCs both in normal and pathological innate immune responses. 相似文献