旱作小麦覆膜穴播栽培综合效应

缺水、干旱是制约宁南山区农业生产发展,特别是限制旱作农田生产力水平提高的首要问题。小麦是宁南山区第一大作物,其中,旱作种植约占９０％。近年来,利于提高旱作小麦抗旱、节水性能的品种选用和栽培技术研究没有大的突破,使其生产出现了较长时期的徘徊局面。因此,对旱作小麦从农业技术和农水结合入手,找出一条投资少、见效快、节水、抗旱、增产、增效的新出路,已明显摆在我们面前。宁南山区春、夏季气温分布特征及存在于７月份的热季、热干风天气过程,形成了小麦出苗期长,分蘖期、幼穗分化期、籽粒灌浆期短的“一长三短”生育…     

Conservation, variability and the modeling of active protein kinases

The human proteome is rich with protein kinases, and this richness has made the kinase of crucial importance in initiating and maintaining cell behavior. Elucidating cell signaling networks and manipulating their components to understand and alter behavior require well designed inhibitors. These inhibitors are needed in culture to cause and study network perturbations, and the same compounds can be used as drugs to treat disease. Understanding the structural biology of protein kinases in detail, including their commonalities, differences and modes of substrate interaction, is necessary for designing high quality inhibitors that will be of true use for cell biology and disease therapy. To this end, we here report on a structural analysis of all available active-conformation protein kinases, discussing residue conservation, the novel features of such conservation, unique properties of atypical kinases and variability in the context of substrate binding. We also demonstrate how this information can be used for structure prediction. Our findings will be of use not only in understanding protein kinase function and evolution, but they highlight the flaws inherent in kinase drug design as commonly practiced and dictate an appropriate strategy for the sophisticated design of specific inhibitors for use in the laboratory and disease therapy.     

发育中星形胶质细胞兴奋在惊厥中的作用

惊厥是神经系统最常见的症状之一,发育中脑惊厥可以影响远期惊厥易感性、学习和记忆等功能。星形胶质细胞兴奋是近来才发现的新特性,此种特性参与了惊厥性脑损伤这一复杂病理过程。对于发育中星形胶质细胞兴奋在惊厥性脑损伤中作用的研究,可以阐明星形胶质细胞兴奋与神经元在惊厥中的相互关系,并了解它们在发育中兴奋毒性损伤中的作用及其量效关系,这些研究结果将有可能对抗惊厥的治疗提供新的靶点,对于进一步了解发育中惊厥性损伤远期预后的发生机制具有重要意义,可以为早期干预提供理论依据。     

近年北京人偏肺病毒基质蛋白、小疏水蛋白和粘附糖蛋白的遗传变异特征分析

为了探讨北京地区儿童中流行的人偏肺病毒(Human metapneumovirus,hMPV)结构蛋白基因特征,本研究着重对hMPV北京地区地方株的基质蛋白(Matrix protein,M)、小疏水蛋白(Small hydrophobic protein,SH)和粘附蛋白(Attachment protein,G)基因进行了基因特征的分析。本研究对2006年至2010年42株hMPV的M蛋白、49株SH蛋白和55株G蛋白基因特征进行了分析,进化分析显示北京地区流行的hMPV的这3个编码蛋白基因分别属于A2、B1和B2基因亚型。地方株M基因高度保守,A和B基因型之间存在7个氨基酸位点的变异(型内高度保守)。不同基因型(A和B)和不同基因亚型(A2和B1、A2和B2)之间的SH基因的氨基酸同源性在60.7%～64.4%之间,而同一基因亚型内的氨基酸同源性则在93.3%～100%之间;同一基因型不同基因亚型之间(B1和B2)的氨基酸同源性在84.7%～88.7%之间。不同年份不同基因亚型G蛋白具有遗传多样性,使用不同的终止密码、核苷酸缺失和插入导致其核苷酸长度不同,变异程度相当高。不同基因型和不同基因亚型之间的G基因的氨基酸同源性在34.0%～38.6%之间,同一基因亚型内的氨基酸同源性在81.5%～100%之间;同一基因型不同基因亚型之间的氨基酸同源性在64.3%～69.2%之间。2008年至2010年的B2基因亚型的毒株大多数在多个位点出现了相同的氨基酸突变,同时出现了2个氨基酸的插入或重复插入,这些毒株在B2基因亚型内形成了一个新的进化簇。抗原位点预测分析显示不同基因亚型的SH和G蛋白的抗原位点均存在差异。     

Identification and characterization of NARROW AND ROLLED LEAF 1, a novel gene regulating leaf morphology and plant architecture in rice

Leaf morphology is an important agronomic trait in rice breeding. We isolated three allelic mutants of NARROW AND ROLLED LEAF 1 (nrl1) which showed phenotypes of reduced leaf width and semi-rolled leaves and different degrees of dwarfism. Microscopic analysis indicated that the nrl1-1 mutant had fewer longitudinal veins and smaller adaxial bulliform cells compared with the wild-type. The NRL1 gene was mapped to the chromosome 12 and encodes the cellulose synthase-like protein D4 (OsCslD4). Sequence analyses revealed single base substitutions in the three allelic mutants. Genetic complementation and over-expression of the OsCslD4 gene confirmed the identity of NRL1. The gene was expressed in all tested organs of rice at the heading stage and expression level was higher in vigorously growing organs, such as roots, sheaths and panicles than in elsewhere. In the mutant leaves, however, the expression level was lower than that in the wild-type. We conclude that OsCslD4 encoded by NRL1 plays a critical role in leaf morphogenesis and vegetative development in rice.     

Extended haplotype analysis of ovine ADRB3 using polymerase chain reaction single strand conformational polymorphism on two regions of the gene

The β3 adrenergic receptor (ADRB3) plays a critical role in the regulation of energy metabolism in mammals. In sheep, intronic polymorphism of the ADRB3 gene has been associated with lamb survival and various production traits. This study investigates variation in the ovine ADRB3 3' untranslated region (3'UTR), a region that may impact expression of the gene. Using PCR- single strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP), six unique patterns (named a-f) were observed in an approximately 304-bp amplicon. Sequencing revealed three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (c.*233A>C, c.*271G>C, c.*357A>T) and a single-nucleotide deletion (c.*257delG). Haplotype analyses showed that the previously described allele A defined by variation in the ovine ADRB3 intron can be divided into three haplotypes (Aa, Ab, and Ac). In total, 16 haplotypes through ovine ADRB3 were detected. This study suggests that ovine ADRB3 is highly polymorphic and that the extended haplotype analysis through the promoter, 5'UTR, coding sequence, intron, and 3'UTR needs to be performed to define the full extent of variation in this gene.     

Associations of HSP90AA2 gene polymorphisms with disease susceptibility,glucocorticoids efficacy and health-related quality of life in Chinese systemic lupus erythematosus patients

Although the current glucocorticoids (GCs) treatment for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is effective to a certain extent, the difference in therapeutic effect between patients is still a widespread problem. Some patients can have repeated attacks that greatly diminish their quality of life. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between HSP90AA2 polymorphisms and disease susceptibility, GCs efficacy and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in Chinese SLE patients. A case–control study was performed in 470 SLE patients and 470 normal controls. Then, 444 patients in the case group were followed up for 12 weeks to observe efficacy of GCs and improvement of HRQoL. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of HSP90AA2 were selected for genotyping: rs1826330 and rs6484340. HRQoL was assessed using the SF-36 questionnaire. The minor T allele of rs1826330 and the TT haplotype formed by rs1826330 and rs6484340 showed associations with decreased SLE risk (T allele: P_BH?=?0.022; TT haplotype: P_BH?=?0.033). A significant association between rs6484340 and improvement of HRQoL was revealed in the follow-up study. Five subscales of SF-36 were appeared to be influenced by rs6484340: total score of SF-36 (additive model: P_BH?=?0.026), physical function (additive model: P_BH?=?0.026), role-physical (recessive model: P_BH?=?0.041), mental health (dominant model: P_BH?=?0.047), and physical component summary (additive model: P_BH?=?0.026). No statistical significance was found between HSP90AA2 gene polymorphisms and GCs efficacy. These results revealed a genetic association between HSP90AA2 and SLE. Remarkably, HSP90AA2 has an impact on the improvement of HRQoL in Chinese population with SLE.