Cytomorphologic features of the rare epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma of the salivary gland

The cytomorphologic features of an epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma arising in the submandibular gland are reported. The aspiration smears were cellular, with two cell types present: dark cells showing attempted gland formation and clear cells with vacuolization. The clear cells frequently formed globular masses and had indistinct cytoplasmic membranes. These globular masses of clear cells were usually adjacent to the fragments of dark cells. A striking feature was the presence of numerous naked nuclei.     

Antigen and haplotype frequencies at three human leucocyte antigen loci (HLA-A, -B, -C) in the Pawaia of Papua New Guinea

The genetic profile of the Pawaia, a seminomadic, linguistic isolate from the highlands fringe of Papua New Guinea, is described in terms of antigen and haplotype frequencies at three class I human leucocyte antigen loci (HLA-A, -B, and -C). The Pawaia, like other Papua New Guinea populations, exhibit restricted polymorphisms at all three loci studied, both in the number of alleles segregating and in the level of average heterozygosity. An extremely high frequency (52.9%) of HLA-B27, the antigen implicated in the pathogenesis of seronegative arthropathies, was found. A novel HLA-C locus specificity, CNG, resulting probably from a gene duplication event, was also observed in significant numbers. Although the gene frequency comparisons suggest their strong affinities with the highlanders, the Pawaia haplotypes reveal significant admixture from other neighbouring groups as well. The usefulness of HLA haplotypes in tracing the movements of human populations in the New Guinea area is discussed.     

Production of (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) copolymer from coffee waste oil using engineered Ralstonia eutropha

Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering - Polyhydroxyalkonate (PHA) is a type of polymer that has the potential to replace petro-based plastics. To make PHA production more economically feasible,...     

Class I HLA antigens in two long-separated populations: Melanesians and South Amerinds

Class I HLA antigens have been compared in 5,835 Melanesians of Papua New Guinea and 2,028 Amerindians of South America. The sample includes 50 PNGMel ethnolinguistic groups and 22 SAmlnd groups. Both carry 15 serologically defined antigens and an undefined C allele. Except for A2 in Papua New Guinea and Cwl in South America, these antigens are widely distributed in their respective populations. Nine (A2 and A24, B39, B60 and B62, and Cwl, Cw3, Cw4, and Cw7) are common to both. This commonality suggests that these two populations derive from an ancestral population with less polymorphism than modern East Asians. In both populations several theoretically possible haplotypes were absent, and other haplo-types were in positive disequilibrium in both. The parallels in disequilibria suggest that haplotypes are subject to selective forces acting on the level of allelic interaction. Based on three locus haplotype frequencies, the PNGMel groups form five clusters with internally typical linguistic and geographic characteristics and a miscellaneous category, but Samlnd groups show no cluster. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Growth responses and dependence of Acacia nilotica var. cupriciformis on the indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal consortium of a marginal wasteland soil

 The responses of Acacia nilotica L. var. cupriciformis to phosphorus application and inoculation with the indigenous consortium of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi were evaluated in a nursery experiment using soil from a marginal wasteland. A positive growth response to mycorrhizal inoculation was observed at an Olsen-P level of 20 ppm in the presence of the natural population of AM fungi. There was growth stimulation by either inoculation or additional P at the highest soil P of 40 ppm. Colonization was negatively correlated to soil P but P content of both shoot and root were positively correlated. Inoculation with the indigenous AM consortium significantly increased the uptake of P at all levels of applied P. Acacia is moderately dependent upon the AM symbiosis and exhibited a maximal mycorrhizal dependence (MD) of 18.25% at 20 ppm Olsen-P level under the conditions studied. A sharp and considerable reduction in MD and dry matter yield observed at 40 ppm P suggests that the external P requirement for maximal production of biomass was met at approximately 20 ppm Olsen-P. Accepted: 25 June 1996     

Glucofructosan metabolism in Cichorium intybus roots

A 10-fold purification of sucrose sucrose fructosyl transferase from Cichorium intybus roots was achieved by ammonium sulphate fractionation and DEAE-cellulose column chromatography. The energy of activation for this enzyme was ca 48 kJ/mol sucrose. Sucrose sucrose fructosyl transferase and invertase were prominent during early months of growth. Evidence obtained from: (1) the changes in carbohydrate composition at monthly intervals; (2) comparative studies on fructosyl transferase and invertase at different stages of root growth; and (3) incubation studies with [¹⁴C]glucose, [¹⁴C]fructose and [¹⁴C]sucrose revealed that, during the later stages of root growth, fructosan hydrolase is responsible for fructosan hydrolysis. No evidence for the direct transfer of fructose from sucrose to high M_r glucofructosans was obtained.     

Seasonal variations in the survival index of rats at simulated high altitudes

Albino rats were maintained in an animal house, the air temperature of which fluctuated with the variations in the ambient air temperature Survival index, which is defined as the percentage of rats surviving for 100 min at a given simulated altitude, was determined for several groups of rats in different months covering a period of about one year. The simulated altitudes used were 25,000,27,500, 30,000 and 32,500 ft, with an air temperature of 33°C and RH of over 80%,within the decompression chamber. The survival index showed a progressive decline with the fall in mean air temperature of 32°C in summer to 13°C in winter, and a rise with increase in air temperature during the summer of the succeeding year. In a group of rats removed from an environment at 28°C to one at 19°C a significant fall in survival index was observed at the end of 4 weeks, but not at the end of 12 weeks. It is concluded that exposure to a mild degree of cold reduces the ability of rats to survive hypoxia between 10 and 30 days of cold exposure,,which tends to revert to normal between 30 and 90 days.

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Zusammenfassung Ratten wurden in einem Tierhaus gehalten, dessen Innentemperatur mit der Aussentemperatur schwankte.Der Überlebens-Index das ist der Prozentsatz Ratten, die 100 min bei einer gegebenen simulierten Höhe überleben, wurde für mehrere Gruppen Ratten in verschiedenen Perioden während eines Jahres bestimmt. Die Höhen betrugen 7,600 m, 8,300 m, 9,100 m und 9,850 m bei 33°C und 80% RF.Der Überlebens-Index zeigte eine progressive Senkung beim Fall der Temperatur von 32°C im Sommer auf 13°C im Winter und eine Zunahme beim Wiederanstieg der Temperatur im Sommer des folgenden Jahres. Ratten, die von 28°C in einen Raum von 19°C überführt wurden,wiesen nach 4 Wochen eine siknifikante Verminderung des Überlebens-Index auf, dagegen nicht mehr nach 12 Wochen. Danach ist bereits bei milder Kälteexponierung die Hypoxie-resistenz der Ratte näch 10–30 Tagen in der Kälte reduziert und normalisiert sich wieder zwischen 30 und 90 Tagen.

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Resume Des rats ont été placés dans des cages dont la température variait avec celle de l'air ambiant. On détermina alors l'indice de survie pour plusieurs groupes de ces animaux et pour différentes périodes couvrant presque une année entière. Cet indice est défini par le taux de rats qui restent en vie après avoir été exposés durant 100 min à des altitudes simulées déterminées et cela par 33°C et 80% d'humidité relative à l'intérieur de la chambre de décompression.Ces altitudes étaient de 7.600m, 8.300 m, 9.100 m et 9.850 m. L'indice de survie diminua progressivement lors d'un abaissement de la température ambiante aux cages de 32°C en été à 13°C enhiver pour remonter à nouveau avec la température l'été de l'année suivante.Des rats qui furent transférés d'un milieu de 28°C dans un autre de 19°C présentèrent un abaissement significatif de leur indice de survie après 4 semaines.Cet abaissement avait cependant disparu après 12 semaines. On en conclut qu'une exposition de 10 à 30 jours à un refroidissement modére réduit de façon évidente la capacité de résistance à l'hypoxie des rats, mais que la dite capacité de résistance se normalise de nouveau entre 30 et 90 jours après.

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Mean air temperature for a period =