萨克拉普奇尼亚菌串孢变种——北方根结线虫卵寄生真菌

分离自山东省牟平市塑料大棚种植的甜瓜根结线虫卵上的菌株CFCC84965,根据培养条件和形态特征鉴定为萨克拉普奇尼亚菌串孢变种Pochonia suchlasporia var.catenata,为中国新记录种。该菌生长较快,在CMA培养基培养15 d后菌落直径为27 ～43 mm,气生菌丝中等发达,白色至浅黄色,背面为黄色至淡褐色。分生孢子梗长,大多从菌丝上直立生长,多分支。分生孢子多串生,表面略粗糙。老熟菌丝上形成会聚的菌丝膨大细胞或形成少量的间生厚垣孢子。在琼脂培养基上可形成晶体。     

河北鸭梨病果上链格孢分离系的形态及分子特性研究

A total of 123 Alternaria isolates were obtained from roting fruits of Pyrus bretschneideri "Ya Li" collected in Hebei Province, China. The isolates, according to morphological characteristics of conidia and sporulation patterns, were segregated into four groups: A. alternata group, A. tenuissima group, A. yaliinficiens group and Alternaria sp. group. Molecular characteristics of part of the isolates were determined using random amplified polymorphism DNA (RAPD) analysis. Based on cluster analysis of RAPD data, large-and small-spored Alternaria spp. were evidently distinguished, and the small-spored species can form five clusters that fundamentally paralleled the morphological groupings.     

Whole Genome Sequence Analysis of Lactiplantibacillus Plantarum Bacteriophage P2

Phage P2 was isolated from failed fermentation broth carried out by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum IMAU10120. A previous study in our laboratory showed that this phage belonged to the Siphoviridae family. In this study, this phage’s genomic characteristics were analyzed using whole-genome sequencing. It was revealed that phage P2 was 77.9 kb in length and had 39.28% G + C content. Its genome included 96 coding sequences (CDS) and two tRNA genes involved in the function of the structure, DNA replication, packaging, and regulation. Phage P2 had higher host specificity; many tested strains were not infected. Cell wall adsorption experiments showed that the adsorption receptor component of phage P2 might be a part of the cell wall peptidoglycan. This research might enrich the knowledge about genomic information of lactobacillus phages and provide some primary data to establish phage control measures.     

松墨天牛漆酶基因MaLac1的克隆、原核表达及表达谱分析

【目的】本研究旨在克隆并鉴定松墨天牛Monochamus alternatus内源漆酶基因MaLac1,分析其在松墨天牛不同发育阶段的表达水平,为进一步明确MaLac1功能提供依据。【方法】基于松墨天牛肠道转录组测序数据,通过RACE克隆松墨天牛MaLac1基因的全长cDNA序列,并对其进行生物信息学分析;将该基因与pET-32a载体链接构建表达载体pET-MaLac1,导入大肠杆菌Escherichia coli Rosetta (DE3)使其表达;使用qPCR检测MaLac1基因在松墨天牛不同发育阶段(低龄幼虫、老熟幼虫、蛹、雌成虫和雄成虫)肠道中的表达差异。【结果】克隆获得松墨天牛MaLac1的cDNA全长序列(GenBank登录号:KY073340)。MaLac1开放阅读框全长2 067 bp,编码一个含688个氨基酸的蛋白质,预测分子量为78.34 kD,等电点为5.30。SignalP 4.1 Server预测MaLac1在N端包含一个15个氨基酸的信号肽。序列比对分析表明,MaLac1具有典型的昆虫漆酶基因特征,与赤拟谷盗Tribolium castaneum漆酶基因的氨...     

干旱胁迫对银杏叶片光合系统Ⅱ荧光特性的影响

为了探讨银杏叶片在长期干旱胁迫下光合性能的变化,采用盆栽控水法对银杏幼苗进行干旱处理,并分别在处理后第0、20、30、40、50天,对荧光动力学曲线和荧光参数进行了测定和JIP-test分析.结果表明:随着干旱的加剧,叶片叶绿素含量逐渐递减.由于干旱导致银杏叶片的光合系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)结构破坏和稳固性减弱,其荧光动力学曲线出现了K相和L相的升高,在干旱处理40 d后升高加剧.PSⅡ结构的变化导致了一系列荧光参数的变化,初始荧光F0逐渐升高,最大荧光Fm逐渐降低;代表单位反应中心活性的参数ABS/RC、ET0/RC、TR0/RC逐渐升高;单位面积捕获的光能TR0/CS0高于对照,单位面积用于电子传递的光能ET0/ CS0后期下降;表示受体侧电子传递活性的参数Sm、Ψ0、(φ)E0逐渐下降,M0、VJ、VI逐渐升高;表示热耗散的参数DI0/RC、DI0/CS0随干旱时间延长而急剧升高;活性反应中心数目RC/CS0减少;代表PSⅡ光合效率的参数Fv/Fm、PIabs逐渐下降;代表PSⅡ供体侧活性的参数Wk随干旱时间延长而逐渐升高,OEC逐渐减少.干旱胁迫导致银杏叶片PSⅡ反应中心失活,能流分配失衡,电子传递受阻,PSⅡ放氧复合体失活和PSⅡ稳固性减弱,从而破坏PSⅡ光合功能.而反应中心失活和受体侧电子QA-的累积是造成PSⅡ电子传递活性减弱的主要原因.干旱条件下,银杏PSⅡ的PIabs比Fv/Fm对干旱的反应更灵敏,可作为银杏叶片受到伤害的指标.     

Deep-lipidotyping by mass spectrometry: recent technical advances and applications

In-depth structural characterization of lipids is an essential component of lipidomics. There has been a rapid expansion of mass spectrometry methods that are capable of resolving lipid isomers at various structural levels over the past decade. These developments finally make deep-lipidotyping possible, which provides new means to study lipid metabolism and discover new lipid biomarkers. In this review, we discuss recent advancements in tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) methods for identification of complex lipids beyond the species (known headgroup information) and molecular species (known chain composition) levels. These include identification at the levels of carbon-carbon double bond (C=C) location and sn-position, as well as characterization of acyl chain modifications. We also discuss the integration of isomer-resolving MS/MS methods with different lipid analysis workflows and their applications in lipidomics. The results showcase the distinct capabilities of deep-lipidotyping in untangling the metabolism of individual isomers and sensitive phenotyping by using relative fractional quantitation of the isomers.     

大熊猫精液和包皮菌群组成及潜在致病菌调查

[目的] 大熊猫是我国国家一级保护动物,其种群面临着传染病和栖息地破碎化等持续威胁,其中生殖系统的细菌感染和菌群失衡会影响大熊猫生殖健康,严重者可导致流产,是引起大熊猫繁殖障碍的原因之一。本研究对精液与包皮分泌物样本的菌群组成情况及分离培养潜在致病菌开展研究。[方法] 通过采集13份大熊猫包皮分泌物和12份精液样本,采用16S rRNA扩增子测序技术、细菌培养及PCR鉴定的方法,确定样本中的细菌种类。[结果] 菌群组成分析结果显示,在门水平上,厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）的细菌丰度在大熊猫包皮与精液中均为最高;在属水平上,不同时期的雄性大熊猫包皮的菌群可能会发生改变,棒状杆菌属（Corynebacterium）和Dolosicoccus是Ⅰ期包皮样本中最丰富的微生物菌群,相对丰度分别为15.45%和12.40%;链球菌属（Streptococcus）和埃希氏菌属（Escherichia）是Ⅱ期包皮样本中最丰富的微生物菌群,相对分度分别为37.94%和9.68%;拟杆菌属（Bacteroides）和普雷沃氏菌属（Prevotella）是精液样本中最丰富的微生物菌群,相对丰度分别为14.40%和12.88%。菌群多样性分析结果显示,精液样品高于Ⅰ期包皮样品和Ⅱ期包皮样品,Ⅰ期包皮样品和Ⅱ期包皮样品之间无显著差异。通过细菌分离培养得到肺炎克雷伯菌（Klebsiella pneumonia）在内的多种潜在性致病菌。[结论] 本研究分析了大熊猫精液和不同时期包皮分泌物的菌群组成,其优势菌属存在差异,大熊猫包皮与精液中存在潜在性致病菌,这可能对大熊猫的生殖系统健康带来威胁,其致病性有待进一步研究。     

酶法催化降解2,4,6-三硝基甲苯的研究进展

2,4,6-三硝基甲苯(TNT)作为一种广泛使用的含能材料,发挥巨大作用的同时也给环境带来了严重的污染,对人类健康构成一定威胁。目前国内外的TNT处置主要有物理、化学、生物及酶法等方法,其中酶法作为一种新兴的方法,显示了良好的应用潜力,受到研究者的广泛关注,。比较了各类处理方法的优缺点,重点介绍近年来涉及TNT降解的酶学研究进展,并对酶法在TNT废水处理和土壤修复中的应用前景进行展望。