The structure of parishin,a glucoside from Vanda parishii

Two new glucosides, tris [4-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)benzyl] citrate, named parishin, and 4-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)benzyl alcohol have been isolated from Vanda parishii. The latter compound may, however, be an artefact formed from parishin.     

Cellulolytic and Pectolytic Activity of Cylindrocarpon destructans (Zins.) Scholt. Isolates Pathogenic and Non-Pathogenic to Fir (Abies alba Mill.) and Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)*

In studies on cellulolytic and pectolytic activity of C. destructans, it was found that only one of the twenty isolates studied exhibited cellulolytic activity. The total activity of this isolate was similar in media with CMC and powdered cellulose. The specific activity was, however, two times higher with powdered cellulose. All isolates identified as pathogenic to fir and to pine produced pectolytic enzymes. Not all of them, however, exhibited exo- and endo-PMG activity. In general, an increase of total activity of exo-PMG was accompanied by an increase in the specific, activity. Of the non-pathogenic isolates, only one did not show pectolytic activity. The results of our studies have revealed that there exist no significant differences in pectolytic activity between the isolates pathogenic and non-pathogenic to fir and pine. Also, the isolates belonging to both groups were not cellulolytic except one non-pathogenic.     

Review of the European Inland Fisheries Advisory Commission (EIFAC) experiments on stock assessment in lakes

A series of international collaborative experiments carried out under the auspices of EIFAC sought to compare various sampling methods for stock abundance estimation in European inland waters. Four water bodies were used: the Evo lakes (Finland), Lake Konnevesi (Finland), Lake Constance (Germany) and LakeTegel (Germany). The experiments emphasized the difficulties in obtaining reliable fish stock estimates when using different sampling methods. Comparisons between the various methods were also limited. Poor data reliability was attributed both to problems inherent in the various methods and to deficiencies in the sampling design. These results emphasize the caution with which sampling data from inland water bodies should be interpreted. Suggestions are made by the EIFAC group for further studies.

Zusammenfassung

Überblick über die EIFAC-Experimente zur Bestandsabschätzung bei Seen
In internationaler Zusammenarbeit wurde eine Serie von Exerimenten auf Anregung der EIFAC durchgeführt. Dabei wurden Methoden der Fischbestandsabsciätzung in europäischen Binnengewässern verglichen. Die Experimente wurden an 4 Orten durchgeführt: den Evo-Seen und dem Konnevesisee in Finnland sowie dem Bodensee und dem Tegeler See in Deutschland. Es zeigte sich die Schwierigkeit, die Ergebnisse verschiedener Methoden zu vergleichen und zu einer befriedienden Bestandsschätzung zu kommen. Die Schwierigkeiten gehen auf die Methoden selbst wie auf Be Art ihres Einsatzes zurück. Die Ergebnisse der Experimente mahnen zur Vorsicht bei der Interpretation von Bestandsabschätzungen in Binnengewässern. Es werden Vorschläge für das kftige Vorgehen der EIFAC-Arbeitsgruppe und anderer Bearbeiter gemacht.