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61.
Greatly reduced phylogenetic structure in the cultivated potato clade (Solanum section Petota pro parte) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
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David M. Spooner Holly Ruess Carlos I. Arbizu Flor Rodríguez Claudia Solís‐Lemus 《American journal of botany》2018,105(1):60-70
Premise of the Study
The species boundaries of wild and cultivated potatoes are controversial, with most of the taxonomic problems in the cultivated potato clade. We here provide the first in‐depth phylogenetic study of the cultivated potato clade to explore possible causes of these problems.Methods
We examined 131 diploid accessions, using 12 nuclear orthologs, producing an aligned data set of 14,072 DNA characters, 2171 of which are parsimony‐informative. We analyzed the data to produce phylogenies and perform concordance analysis and goodness‐of‐fit tests.Key Results
There is good phylogenetic structure in clades traditionally referred to as clade 1+2 (North and Central American diploid potatoes exclusive of Solanum verrucosum), clade 3, and a newly discovered basal clade, but drastically reduced phylogenetic structure in clade 4, the cultivated potato clade. The results highlight a clade of species in South America not shown before, ‘neocardenasii’, sister to clade 1+2, that possesses key morphological traits typical of diploids in Mexico and Central America. Goodness‐of‐fit tests suggest potential hybridization between some species of the cultivated potato clade. However, we do not have enough phylogenetic signal with the data at hand to explicitly estimate such hybridization events with species networks methods.Conclusions
We document the close relationships of many of the species in the cultivated potato clade, provide insight into the cause of their taxonomic problems, and support the recent reduction of species in this clade. The discovery of the neocardenasii clade forces a reevaluation of a hypothesis that section Petota originated in Mexico and Central America. 相似文献62.
Cristian Moisés Galván-Villa Eduardo Ríos-Jara Dafne Bastida-Izaguirre Philip A. Hastings Eduardo F. Balart 《ZooKeys》2016,(554):139-157
An annotated checklist of marine fishes of the Sanctuary of Islands and Islets of Bahía Chamela in the central Mexican Pacific is presented. Records of fish species were obtained by different methods including visual census, sampling with anesthetics, fisherman-nets, and trawling with a biological dredge. Additional records were obtained from natural history collections and publications. The list comprises 196 species in 64 families and 141 genera. The Carangidae is the most speciose family with 11 species, followed by the Labridae with 10 and the Pomacentridae with nine. Fourteen species are endemic in Mexican Pacific waters, but none is restricted to Bahía Chamela. The most dominant species recorded during underwater surveys were Epinephelus
labriformis, Stegastes
flavilatus, and Halichoeres
dispilus. Most species are of tropical affinities distributed throughout the tropical eastern Pacific (123), eastern Pacific (23), and Mexican Pacific (14). Other species are known from the eastern and Indo-Pacific regions (18), eastern Pacific and western Atlantic oceans (2), and some are circumtropical (9). A new record of the Gulf Brotula Ogilbia
ventralis is provided for the Bahía Chamela and its geographical distribution is extended to Mexican central Pacific. 相似文献
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There is increasing concern about the impact of veterinary drugs and livestock pathogens as factors damaging wildlife health, especially of threatened avian scavengers feeding upon medicated livestock carcasses. We conducted a comprehensive study of failed eggs and dead nestlings in bearded vultures (Gypaetus barbatus) to attempt to elucidate the proximate causes of breeding failure behind the recent decline in productivity in the Spanish Pyrenees. We found high concentrations of multiple veterinary drugs, primarily fluoroquinolones, in most failed eggs and nestlings, associated with multiple internal organ damage and livestock pathogens causing disease, especially septicaemia by swine pathogens and infectious bursal disease. The combined impact of drugs and disease as stochastic factors may result in potentially devastating effects exacerbating an already high risk of extinction and should be considered in current conservation programs for bearded vultures and other scavenger species, especially in regards to dangerous veterinary drugs and highly pathogenic poultry viruses. 相似文献
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Giugliani R Federhen A Rojas MV Vieira T Artigalás O Pinto LL Azevedo AC Acosta A Bonfim C Lourenço CM Kim CA Horovitz D Bonfim D Norato D Marinho D Palhares D Santos ES Ribeiro E Valadares E Guarany F de Lucca GR Pimentel H de Souza IN Correa J Fraga JC Goes JE Cabral JM Simionato J Llerena J Jardim L Giuliani L da Silva LC Santos ML Moreira MA Kerstenetzky M Ribeiro M Ruas N Barrios P Aranda P Honjo R Boy R Costa R Souza C Alcantara FF Avilla SG Fagondes S Martins AM 《Genetics and molecular biology》2010,33(4):589-604
Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are rare genetic diseases caused by the deficiency of one of the lysosomal enzymes involved in the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) breakdown pathway. This metabolic block leads to the accumulation of GAG in various organs and tissues of the affected patients, resulting in a multisystemic clinical picture, sometimes including cognitive impairment. Until the beginning of the XXI century, treatment was mainly supportive. Bone marrow transplantation improved the natural course of the disease in some types of MPS, but the morbidity and mortality restricted its use to selected cases. The identification of the genes involved, the new molecular biology tools and the availability of animal models made it possible to develop specific enzyme replacement therapies (ERT) for these diseases. At present, a great number of Brazilian medical centers from all regions of the country have experience with ERT for MPS I, II, and VI, acquired not only through patient treatment but also in clinical trials. Taking the three types of MPS together, over 200 patients have been treated with ERT in our country. This document summarizes the experience of the professionals involved, along with the data available in the international literature, bringing together and harmonizing the information available on the management of these severe and progressive diseases, thus disclosing new prospects for Brazilian patients affected by these conditions. 相似文献
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Kirstin A. Zettlitz Julia Seitter Dafne Müller Roland E. Kontermann 《Molecular biotechnology》2010,46(3):265-278
The translocation of heat shock protein 70 (mHsp70) into the plasma membrane has been found to be associated with various
cancers including breast cancer, head-and-neck cancer, and acute myeloid leukemia. Parts of the C-terminal substrate-binding
domain (SBD) of mHsp70 are accessible to binding by monoclonal antibodies (mAb). One of these mAbs, cmHsp70.1, has been extensively
studied and showed promising results as diagnostic and therapeutic antibody. Here, we describe cloning and humanization of
cmHsp70.1 by complementarity determining region grafting resulting in an antibody (humex) possessing a similar affinity (3
nM) as the parental antibody and an improved production and thermal stability. Epitope mapping confirmed that the parental,
chimeric, and humanized antibodies recognize the same region including amino acids 473–504 of the SBD. Hence, this humanized
antibody provides a basis for further development of an anti-mHsp70 antibody therapy. 相似文献
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