云南割手密血缘F1创新种质的因子和聚类分析

对70份云南割手密血缘F1创新种质材料8个农艺性状进行了因子和聚类分析,因子分析中8个公因子保留前3个公因子,其累计贡献率达79.35%。第1公因子中载荷值较大的是单产、含糖量、有效茎数、出苗率和分蘖率等性状;第2公因子中起主导作用的性状是茎径和株高两个产量因子;第3公因子只有11月理论蔗糖分起主导作用。以70份创新材料3个公因子的因子得分为指标,采用系统聚类中的最长距离法进行聚类分析。在遗传距离2.4处,参试材料被聚为10类,其中占参试材料总数50%的第Ⅰ、Ⅳ、Ⅶ、Ⅷ、Ⅹ类材料,表现高产;占参试材料72.8%的第Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ、Ⅶ、Ⅸ类材料,表现高糖,特别是其中占参试材料38.6%的Ⅰ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ类材料,11月理论蔗糖分均高于12%;占参试材料总数38.6%的第Ⅰ、Ⅳ、Ⅶ类材料,表现高产、高糖。本结果为有针对性地利用这些材料,培育高产、高糖创新亲本提供了科学依据。     

鱼类多样性监测的理论方法及中国内陆 水体鱼类多样性监测

近年来, 生物多样性监测网络的建设得到广泛重视, 全球、地区或国家生物多样性观测网不断组建。生物多样性观测的理论框架得到发展, 提出了生物多样性核心监测指标(Essential Biodiversity Variables, EBV)。鱼类多样性监测的理论框架包含于生物多样性核心监测指标之内, 在遗传、物种、生态系统等多层次进行。基于鱼类监测提出的生物完整性指数(index of biotic integrity, IBI)强调不同物种的生态功能, 可以综合反映群落结构和功能的变化, 得到广泛应用。鱼类多样性的监测方法是传统网具和现代水声学等方法的结合。监测结果的分析可以进行简单的指数比较, 也可以进行长期的趋势分析, 寻找关键节点, 探讨宏观生态格局的变化。中国内陆水体鱼类多样性监测网隶属于中国生物多样性监测与研究网络, 拟选取长江、黄河、黑龙江、珠江、澜沧江、怒江、塔里木河及青海湖8大流域, 对25个重要区域和24个重点物种(类群)进行监测, 从重要区域鱼类群落结构、重点物种(类群)种群动态和个体生物学特征、遗传多样性、早期资源等不同层次, 全面监测我国内陆水体鱼类生物多样性状况。     

Blockade of L-type voltage-gated Ca channel inhibits ischemia-induced neurogenesis by down-regulating iNOS expression in adult mouse

Neurogenesis in the adult mammalian hippocampus may contribute to repairing the brain after injury. The signals that regulate neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus following ischemic stroke insult are not well known. We have previously reported that inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression is necessary for ischemia-stimulated neurogenesis in the adult dentate gyrus. Here, we show that mice subjected to 90 min of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) significantly increased the number of new neurons and up-regulated iNOS expression in the dentate gyrus. Blockade of the L-type voltage-gated Ca(2+) channel (L-VGCC) prevented neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus and subventricular zone (SVZ), and down-regulated iNOS expression in the dentate gyrus after cerebral ischemia. This study suggests that Ca(2+) influx through L-VGCC is involved in ischemia-induced neurogenesis by up-regulating iNOS expression.     

埃他卡林对低氧暴露大鼠脑和肺微动脉选择性扩张作用

目的:研究低氧暴露对大鼠脑和肺微动脉内皮功能的影响以及埃他卡林(Ipt)对以上微动脉的扩张作用特征。方法:将雄性SD大鼠随机分为2组,常压常氧组(control)和低氧暴露组(hypoxic),后者置于常压低氧暴露舱内(O27.8%)8 h。分离大鼠管径为(204±5)μm的脑基底动脉、肺微动脉组织,利用DMT微血管张力测定仪在6nmol/L内皮素-1(ET-1)致血管预收缩条件下,利用乙酰胆碱(ACh)考察微动脉内皮功能及观察不同浓度Ipt对脑和肺微动脉张力变化的影响。结果:与常压常氧组对比,10-5 mol/L乙酰胆碱(ACh)对低氧暴露脑肺微动脉扩张率显著降低(P0.05);新型ATP敏感性钾通道开放剂Ipt在(10-11~10-3)mol/L对低氧暴露肺微动脉呈剂量依赖性扩张作用,明显强于对常压常氧组(P0.01),在(10-11~10-3)mol/L对低氧暴露脑微动脉呈剂量依赖性扩张作用,但与常压常氧组相比无显著差异。结论:低氧暴露可导致脑基底动脉和肺微动脉内皮功能受损,Ipt具有选择性增强扩张低氧暴露肺微动脉的作用,但不影响以上条件低氧暴露后脑基底动脉的扩张作用,提示该药可应用于改善低氧暴露所致的肺微血管收缩,为Ipt发展为新型治疗肺动脉高压的药物提供理论基础。     

Transport functions and expression analysis of vacuolar membrane aquaporins in response to various stresses in rice

The vacuole, a multifunctional organelle of most plant cells, has very important roles in space filling, osmotic adjustment, storage and digestion. Previous researches suggested that aquaporins in the tonoplast were involved in vacuolar functions. The rice genome contains 33 aquaporin genes, 10 of which encode tonoplast intrinsic proteins (TIPs). However, the function of each individual TIP isoform and the integrated function of TIPs under various physiological conditions remain elusive. Here, five rice TIP members were characterized with water and/or glycerol transport activities using the Xenopus oocyte expression system. OsTIP1;2, OsTIP2;2, OsTIP4;1 and OsTIP5;1 possessed water transport activity. OsTIP1;2, OsTIP3;2 and OsTIP4;1 were demonstrated with glycerol transport activity. Rice TIP expression patterns under various abiotic stress conditions including dehydration, high salinity, abscisic acid (ABA) and during seed germination were investigated by real-time PCR. OsTIP1s (OsTIP1;1 and OsTIP1;2) were highly expressed during seed germination, whereas OsTIP3s (OsTIP3;1 and OsTIP3;2) were specifically expressed in mature seeds with a decrease in expression levels upon germination. The results of this research provided a functional and expression profiles of rice TIPs.     

RNA干扰技术在植物线虫基因功能研究及虫害防治方面的应用

RNA干扰（RNA interference,RNAi）是双链RNA（double—stranded RNA,dsRNA）介导的同源mRNA特异降解的过程,具有高效性、非绝对特异性和表型可遗传性。其在遗传育种、基因功能研究、药物研发等各方面具有广泛的运用前景。近年已应用到植物线虫基因功能的研究中。随着对植物线虫基因组及基因功能研究的不断深入。RNAi技术在植物线虫防治方面的研究也取得了很大进展。