Effect of diet on the lipid composition of cell nuclei and liver mitochondria during ontogenesis of the rat

The possible influence of the type of dietary fat on quantitative changes of different lipids in microsomes, nuclei and chromatin in hepatic cells of albino rats in ontogenesis was studied. While the type of diet had no significant influence on the levels of different phospholipids and fatty acids of nuclei, the type of dietary fat exerted definite effect on the levels of whole phospholipids, cholesterol of microsomes, nuclei and fatty acids of chromatin. The age specificity was observed in nuclear structures.     

The selective participation of brain-specific non-histone proteins of chromatin Np-3,5 during the reproduction of a defensive habit to food in edible snails]

The role of brain-specific nonhistone proteins of chromatine Np-3.5 in the processes of reproduction of elaborated defensive habit to food was studied in previously learning snails. It was found, that gamma-globulines to Np-3.5 during tens of minutes inhibited behavioural and neuronal reactions elicited by a definite conditioned stimulus--carrot juice, without changing reactions to other conditioned stimulus--apple juice. gamma-globulines to other nonhistone proteins of chromatine did not influence the reproduction of food rejection habits. It was supposed that brain-specific nonhistone proteins of chromatine Np-3.5 were selectively involved in the molecular processes providing for neurophysiological mechanisms of information extraction from the long-term memory.     

Transplantation Into the Mouse Ovarian Fat Pad

Orthotopic transplantation assays in mice are invaluable for studies of cell regeneration and neoplastic transformation. Common approaches for orthotopic transplantation of ovarian surface and tubal epithelia include intraperitoneal and intrabursal administration of cells. The respective limitations of these methods include poorly defined location of injected cells and limited space volume. Furthermore, they are poorly suited for long-term structural preservation of transplanted organs. To address these challenges, we have developed an alternative approach, which is based on the introduction of cells and tissue fragments into the mouse fat pad. The mouse ovarian fat pad is located in the immediate vicinity of the ovary and uterine tube (aka oviduct, fallopian tube), and provides a familiar microenvironment for cells and tissues of these organs. In our approach fluorescence-labeled mouse and human cells, and fragments of the uterine tube are engrafted by using minimally traumatic dorsal incision surgery. Transplanted cells and their outgrowths are easily located in the ovarian fat pad for over 40 days. Long-term transplantation of the entire uterine tube allows correct preservation of all principle tissue components, and does not result in adverse side effects, such as fibrosis and inflammation. Our approach should be uniquely applicable for answering important biological questions such as differentiation, regenerative and neoplastic potential of specific cell populations. Furthermore, it should be suitable for studies of microenvironmental factors in normal development and cancer.     

Genetic factors in the development of chronic kidney disease in patients with diabetes mellitus

Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) represent a risk group for developing chronic kidney disease (CKD), the terminal stages of which require renal replacement therapy. The study of genetic predisposition to CKD is of special significance from the perspective of the prediction and identification of risk groups at the preclinical stage. The present study is a review of the world literature on the genetics of CKD in diabetes and also includes data of our own studies.     

Genetic components and the uncertainty of the phenotypic realization of the mass of newborns in domestic pigs Sus scrofa L.

In this article, we discuss the features of the genetic determination of a continuous quantitative trait, the mass of newborn offspring in populations of the domestic pig. We defined several components that determine the phenotypic trait, such as the maternal effect, complete dominance, interaction of the parental alleles in the genotype of the offspring, and the uncertainty of phenotypic realization of genotype. We found that a phenotypic trait of high genetic determinacy can also have a maximum range in phenotypic realization, in which case each genotype encountered in the population can realize within the entire range of possible phenotypes.     

NRAMP1 gene: structure,function, and human infectious diseases

The human infectious disease become of the great importance for Health Welfare. The infectious diseases mortality rate reaches one third of total mortality among 51 million patients died annually. The genetic factors seem to be most responsible for potency of human body to withstand to infections, caused by a variety of causative agents. The detection of the coincident factors and understanding the mechanisms of formation of susceptibility and resistance to infectious agents appeared to be important aspects for development of the new methods of prevention and treatment the infectious diseases. In inbred mice the natural resistance to infections, caused by Mycobacterium bovis, Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium lepraemurium, Leishmania donovani and Salmonella typhimurium is controlled by gene Nrampl (natural resistance associated macrophage protein gene). The gene codes for integral membrane protein, expressed by phagocytes. Protein is localized in the endosomal/lysosomal compartment of the silent macrophage, being recruited to the membrane of the phagosome containing particles under phagocytosis. This function is to transfer bivalent cations of metals from phagosome inward macrophage, that appears to affect negatively on destiny of microbes consumed. The human homologue of the Nrampl gene, denoted as NRAMP1, is situated on human chromosome 2q35. The gene Nrampl consists of 15 exones of different spread disparted by intrones of various sizes. Several polymorphous variants of the gene are described. The experimental presuppositions to more extensive investigation of the role of the gene NRAMPl in development of human pathology are pointed out.     

Multi-factor analysis of combined effects of rifampicin and peptidoglycan of microbial origin on immune response]

Multifactorial analysis of the combined action of rifampicin and a microbial peptidoglycan on the immune response to antigens of the vaccine EV fraction 1 was performed. The results were computer-processed and the second order equations describing delayed hypersensitivity (DH) and antibody titers were derived. Nomographs or equal level curves showing interrelations of the investigated factors were plotted. The character of the combined action on DH and antibody titers was heterogeneous. The peptidoglycan had a pronounced immunostimulant action on DH and, to a lesser extent, influenced the humoral response. Conditions for the peptidoglycan use aimed at immunostimulation were optimized with application of multifactorial analysis.