万博节皮菌致儿童面癣误诊1例

报道1例由万博节皮菌Arthroderma vanbreuseghemii导致的面癣。患者女,9岁,面部大片红斑肿胀脱屑伴瘙痒7个月,被误诊为"多型红斑",口服激素3周,停药后皮损面积迅速扩大,伴鳞屑瘙痒。2015年4月21日就诊于我科,真菌直接镜检阳性,培养和PCR结果为万博节皮菌。给予口服伊曲康唑胶囊2个月后痊愈。     

一种费氏丙酸杆菌细胞离位转化生产维生素B_(12)的方法

为建立费氏丙酸杆菌的半连续耦合发酵工艺,克服DMB对维生素B_(12)连续发酵的不利影响,考察了费氏丙酸杆菌菌体细胞离位转化合成维生素B_(12)的可行性,优化了其离位转化工艺,确定了最佳的转化时机、转化体系及DMB添加方式,具体如下:当发酵进行至84 h时,将发酵液离心,收集菌体,然后用离心上清液重悬菌体,配成5倍浓度的菌液,加入终浓度为4.5 mg/L的DMB,于30℃条件下转化48 h,维生素B_(12)的产量达到108.06 mg/L,转化效率为2.26 mg/(Lh)。     

Symbiotic Bacteria in Gills and Guts of Chinese Mitten Crab (Eriocheir sinensis) Differ from the Free-Living Bacteria in Water

Aquatic animals have a close relationship with water, but differences in their symbiotic bacteria and the bacterial composition in water remains unclear. Wild or domestic Chinese mitten crabs (Eriocheir sinensis) and the water in which they live were collected from four sampling sites in Jiangsu and Shanghai, China. Bacterial composition in water, gills or guts of E. sinensis, were compared by high-throughput sequencing using 16S rRNA genes. Analysis of >660,000 sequences indicated that bacterial diversity was higher in water than in gills or guts. Tenericutes and Proteobacteria were dominant phyla in guts, while Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were dominant in gills and water. Non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis indicated that microbiota from gills, guts or water clearly separated into three groups, suggesting that crabs harbor a more specific microbial community than the water in which they live. The dominant OTUs in crab gut were related to Mycoplasmataceae, which were low in abundance in gills, showing that, like mammals, crabs have body-site specific microbiota. OTUs related to Ilumatobacter and Albimonas, which are commonly present in sediment and seawater, were dominant in gills but almost absent from the sampled water. Considering E. sinensis are bottom-dwelling crustacean and they mate in saline water or seawater, behavior and life cycle of crabs may play an important role in shaping the symbiotic bacterial pattern. This study revealed the relationship between the symbiotic bacteria of Chinese mitten crab and their habitat, affording information on the assembly factors of commensal bacteria in aquatic animals.     

杀粉蝶菌素A1生物合成基因簇中甲基转移酶PieB2的功能

【目的】研究杀粉蝶菌素A1产生菌中甲基转移酶基因pieB2的功能。【方法】利用接合转移和同源重组双交换的方法,构建pieB2基因缺失突变株,以及利用接合转移的方法,构建回补菌株。通过高保真PCR克隆pieB2基因到表达载体pET28a上,构建质粒pJTU5997,转化入大肠杆菌E.coliBL21(DE3)/pLysE中诱导表达。利用高效液相色谱检测PieB2的体外酶活。【结果】获得了pieB2基因缺失的双交换突变株。发酵结果显示,该突变株不再产生杀粉蝶菌素A1,而是积累了一种脱甲基产物。N-末端融合组氨酸标签的PieB2在大肠杆菌中获得可溶性表达,通过体外催化证明了PieB2甲基转移酶的功能。【结论】体内遗传实验和体外生化实验证明了PieB2作为甲基转移酶在杀粉蝶菌素A1合成中的作用。     

不同发育期贝居腹盾吸虫体内乙酰胆碱酯酶分布特征

乙酰胆碱酯酶(ACh E)被证明存在于多种吸虫体内,但是关于ACh E在吸虫发育过程中的分布变化情况却少有报道。本实验以贝居腹盾吸虫(Aspidogaster conchicola)为研究对象,选取不同发育阶段的虫体,分别采用醋酸洋红染色和乙酰胆碱酯酶组织化学染色方法,对比处于不同发育阶段虫体的正常结构及乙酰胆碱酯酶分布特征,了解乙酰胆碱酯酶在吸虫发育过程中的分布变化规律。结果显示,从河蚌(Anodonta woodiana)体内获得的虫体根据内部器官的发育程度,可以分为4个不同发育阶段,即幼虫阶段Ⅰ、幼虫阶段Ⅱ、成虫阶段Ⅰ、成虫阶段Ⅱ。乙酰胆碱酯酶的分布在不同发育阶段存在着明显差异,幼虫阶段Ⅰ的睾丸及阴茎囊基部最先出现乙酰胆碱酯酶阳性反应,幼虫阶段Ⅱ在子宫末段膨大部位出现阳性反应;成虫阶段Ⅰ的卵黄腺、输卵管出现阳性反应,并且随着虫体的发育上述部位的阳性反应逐渐加强。而该吸虫的附着、消化、排泄器官在发育早期即出现较强的阳性反应,并伴随虫体发育全过程。该吸虫的神经系统在幼虫早期既已具备脑神经节、主要神经干等结构,而完整、复杂的中枢神经结构至成虫阶段才得以清晰显现。结果表明,乙酰胆碱酯酶的分布区域及反应程度随着虫体的发育而出现变化。     

布氏田鼠秋季家群数量与捕食风险的关系

2004年9月25日至10月15日,在内蒙古锡林郭勒盟阿巴嘎旗白音图嘎苏木研究了布氏田鼠(Lasiopodomys brandtii)秋季家群数量与来自艾虎(Mustela eversmanni)的捕食风险。布氏田鼠家群数量调查采用标志重捕法和最小已知存活数估计法(即MNA法)确定,而艾虎对布氏田鼠捕食风险的衡量指标采用在研究期间布氏田鼠洞群区新出现的艾虎粪便和挖掘痕迹。研究区面积4 hm2,涉及91个布氏田鼠家群,658只布氏田鼠,其中,17个布氏田鼠家群有新出现的艾虎粪便,5个家群被艾虎掘开。运用非参数的Mann-Whitney U检验进行数据分析,从艾虎遗留的粪便痕迹来看,未出现艾虎粪便的布氏田鼠家群总秩和为1 096,出现艾虎粪便的田鼠洞群秩和为3 090,统计量U=315,校正Z=﹣3.241,校正P=0.001 2;另外,从艾虎掘开的田鼠家群来分析,没有被艾虎挖掘的布氏田鼠家群秩和为3 757,而被艾虎掘开的田鼠家群秩和为429,统计量U=16,校正Z值为﹣3.514,P=0.000 4。两组差异达到极显著水平,表明艾虎对秋季高数量的布氏田鼠家群具有显著的优先访问和攻击偏好,也意味着高数量的布氏田鼠秋季家群具有更高的被艾虎捕食的风险。     

长期冷藏对越冬代异色瓢虫繁殖及子代生长发育和捕食能力的影响

异色瓢虫被认为是一种重要的捕食性天敌,常被用来防治蚜虫、介壳虫、叶螨等害虫。为了更好地开发利用东北地区丰富的越冬代异色瓢虫自然资源,本研究调查了低温冷藏(3℃冷藏0,30,60,90,120,150 d)对吉林采集的越冬代异色瓢虫繁殖及其子代生长发育和捕食能力的影响。研究结果表明,经历90 d冷藏的瓢虫产卵量最大,明显高于冷藏60 d个体的产卵量,与冷藏120 d、150 d及未经冷藏个体的产卵量不存在明显差异;经历不同冷藏期的瓢虫与室内人工饲养种群子代具有相似发育历期(约16.0 d);而且长期冷藏也未对瓢虫子代幼期的捕食能力产生负面影响,冷藏150 d瓢虫的子代在整个幼虫阶段能捕食662.8头蚜虫,与未冷藏个体和人工饲养种群个体不存在明显差异。本研究为开发利用东北地区越冬代异色瓢虫自然资源的生物防治作用提供了理论依据。     

Genetic and epigenetic heterogeneity of epithelial ovarian cancer and the clinical implications for molecular targeted therapy

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most lethal gynaecological malignancy, and tumoural heterogeneity (TH) has been blamed for treatment failure. The genomic and epigenomic atlas of EOC varies significantly with tumour histotype, grade, stage, sensitivity to chemotherapy and prognosis. Rapidly accumulating knowledge about the genetic and epigenetic events that control TH in EOC has facilitated the development of molecular‐targeted therapy. Poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, designed to target homologous recombination, are poised to change how breast cancer susceptibility gene (BRCA)‐related ovarian cancer is treated. Epigenetic treatment regimens being tested in clinical or preclinical studies could provide promising novel treatment approaches and hope for improving patient survival.