基质用量与蛹虫草生长及代谢数学模型研究

以蛹虫草CM-16菌株为研究对象,以小麦为主要栽培基质,采用规格为300mm×200mm×110mm的蛹虫草栽培专用塑料盒进行盒式栽培,栽培基质用量分别为250 g/盒,300g/盒,350 g/盒,400 g/盒和450g/盒,以蛹虫草的生产周期、子座鲜质量、基质利用率及栽培基质代谢损失等为指标,研究不同栽培基质用量对蛹虫草生长发育及代谢的影响规律.在试验范围内,栽培基质用量与蛹虫草生产周期、子座密度、子座鲜质量、生物学效率及基质利用率之间均呈显著的二次函数关系,与栽培剩余基质含水率及栽培基质代谢损失之间呈极显著的线性关系,但与子座长度的关系不显著.研究结果表明,栽培基质用量是影响蛹虫草生长发育、子座产量及经济效益的重要因素.     

Thinprep plus Papanicolaou Stain Method Is More Sensitive than Cytospin-Coupled Wright Giems Stain Method in Cerebrospinal Fluid Cytology for Diagnosis of Leptomeningeal Metastasis from Solid Tumors

Background

The present study was designed to determine whether the Thinprep plus Papanicolaou stain (Thinprep) method is more sensitive than the Cytospin-coupled Wright-Giemsa (WG) stain (Cytospin) method in diagnosis of leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) from malignant solid tumors in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). We also explored if the Thinprep method could be used in the differential diagnosis of the type of primary tumor cells based on the morphology of tumor cells in CSF samples.

Methods

The morphological features of tumor cells in fresh CSF samples were analyzed using both methods. The tumor cell detection rates were compared between the two methods.

Results

Using the Thinprep method, we found that each type of tumor cells in the CSF samples had specific identifiable morphological features linked to their primary cancer origins, such as adenocarcinomas originated from the lungs, breast, and stomach, and lung squamous cell carcinomas, small cell lung cancer, large-cell neuroendocrine lung cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, and malignant melanoma. In a retrospective study with 88 LM patients, cancer cells were detected in 80 out of the 88 CSF samples. In the comparative study with 45 LM patients, the initial detection rate of the Thinprep method was significantly higher than that of the Cytospin method (73.3% vs. 57.8%, P<0.01). The cell morphology was better preserved and subcellular structures were clearer using the Thinprep method, compared to the Cytospin method.

Conclusions

The Thinprep method is more sensitive and suitable for LM diagnosis in CSF in patients with malignant solid tumors than the Cytospin method. The Thinprep method may facilitate primary tumor detection and help design early treatment regimens for LM patients with tumors of unknown primary origin.     

A new calculation on spectrum of direct DNA damage induced by low-energy electrons

In this work, direct DNA damage induced by low-energy electrons (<5 keV) is simulated using Monte Carlo methods, and the resulting yield of various strand breaks and base damages in cellular environment is presented. The simulation is based on a new inelastic cross section for the production of electron track structure in liquid water, and on ionization cross sections of DNA bases to generate base radical. Especially, a systematic approach of simulating detailed base damage is suggested. This approach includes improvement of a volume model of DNA, generation of the DNA base sequence, conversion of ionization events in liquid water at hit site to the ionization interaction of electrons with DNA bases and development of an algorithm to convert a base radical to a damage. The results obtained in terms of strand breaks are compared with those of experiments and other theoretical calculations, and good agreement was obtained. The yield of detailed base damages and clustered DNA damages caused by the combination of various strand breaks and base damages is presented, and the corresponding distribution characteristics are analyzed. The influence of the relative content of base pairs A-T and G-C in a DNA segment on the yield of both strand breaks and base damages is also explored. The present work provides fundamental information on DNA damage and represents the first effort toward the goal of obtaining the spectrum of clustered DNA damage including detailed base damages, for the mechanistic interpretation and prediction of radiation effects.     

抗逆相关基因GmAREB转基因小麦的获得与鉴定

从大豆中克隆一个抗逆相关的bZIP类转录因子基因GmAREB,功能分析表明:GmAREB基因的过表达可以显著提高转基因拟南芥和烟草的抗旱、耐盐和耐寒性。为了获得抗逆转基因小麦,本研究利用玉米的Ubiqutin启动子控制GmAREB基因表达,构建了用于小麦转化的载体pSK-GmAREB。采用基因枪共转化法转化小麦品种郑147和济麦22。通过PCR检测共获得T0代的阳性植株70株,转化率为1.37%。其中,郑147阳性植株共31株,转化率为2.14%;济麦22阳性植株39株,转化率为1.08%。目前,已经获得T1代转基因株系18个,其中以郑147为受体的株系4个,以济麦22为受体的株系14个。对部分株系进行Southern blotting分析,进一步证实GmAREB基因已经整合到小麦基因组中。在低温胁迫条件下,3个以济麦22为受体的转基因株系体内脯氨酸的积累与受体小麦相比有显著增加,初步证明在小麦中过表达GmAREB基因,可以促进渗透调节物质脯氨酸的积累,可能有助于转基因小麦抗逆性的提高。本研究为进一步筛选抗逆转基因小麦新材料奠定了基础。     

云南稻籼粳亚种间功能性成分含量差异

对111份云南改良稻种和77份元阳地方稻种采用程氏指数法进行籼粳分类,比色法测定抗性淀粉、γ-氨基丁酸和总黄酮含量,并用SPSS软件对数据进行统计分析,结果表明:(1)总体抗性淀粉含量籼型偏籼偏粳粳型,γ-氨基丁酸含量则相反,黄酮含量与籼粳分化的关系不明显;(2)抗性淀粉、总黄酮含量有色米无色米,γ-氨基丁酸含量无色米有色米。总体功能性成分含量有色米无色米,籼稻粳稻,糙米精米,地方种改良种,有色、籼型糙米功能性成分最高,揭示了籼粳分化和米色与抗性淀粉、γ-氨基丁酸与总黄酮含量的关系。     

Identification and characterization of NARROW AND ROLLED LEAF 1, a novel gene regulating leaf morphology and plant architecture in rice

Leaf morphology is an important agronomic trait in rice breeding. We isolated three allelic mutants of NARROW AND ROLLED LEAF 1 (nrl1) which showed phenotypes of reduced leaf width and semi-rolled leaves and different degrees of dwarfism. Microscopic analysis indicated that the nrl1-1 mutant had fewer longitudinal veins and smaller adaxial bulliform cells compared with the wild-type. The NRL1 gene was mapped to the chromosome 12 and encodes the cellulose synthase-like protein D4 (OsCslD4). Sequence analyses revealed single base substitutions in the three allelic mutants. Genetic complementation and over-expression of the OsCslD4 gene confirmed the identity of NRL1. The gene was expressed in all tested organs of rice at the heading stage and expression level was higher in vigorously growing organs, such as roots, sheaths and panicles than in elsewhere. In the mutant leaves, however, the expression level was lower than that in the wild-type. We conclude that OsCslD4 encoded by NRL1 plays a critical role in leaf morphogenesis and vegetative development in rice.     

家族性高胆固醇血症低密度脂蛋白受体第13外显子突变分析

目的:探讨本课题组收集家族性高胆固醇血症(FH)患者中存在低密度脂蛋白受体(LDLR)第13外显子(E13)基因突变患者临床生化和心血管系统损害特点.方法:对9例临床诊断为FH、基因检测到LDLR基因E13突变的患者进行回顾性分析.结果:(1)临床诊断FH纯合子患者7名,其总胆固醇(TC)水平15.12～26.14 mmol/L,杂合子患者2名,TC水平11.30～11.75 mrnol/L.(2)均可见不同程度黄色瘤;(3)FH纯合子3例心电图出现ST-T改变;4例儿童和1例青年患者出现瓣膜损害,冠脉血流储备(CVFR)减低;杂合子心电图检查均正常,1例出现瓣膜损害,CVFR均正常.(4)核苷酸序列分析证实:9例E13突变患者中,A606T纯舍突变3名;D601Y纯合突变2名;A606T+、W462X和A606T+D601Y复合杂合突变各1名;A606T和D601Y杂合突变各1名.结论:FH严重损害患儿心血管系统和皮肤,LDLR基因E13出现的A606T和D601Y突变可能成为中国FH人群的高频突变位点.     

包封不对称膜高分子囊泡对PLGA微球中蛋白释放行为的改善作用

目的:研究含蛋白的不对称膜高分子囊泡包封进PLGA微球后对其体外释放动力学的改善作用.方法:将包封有BSA蛋白的不对称膜高分子囊泡采用S/O/W法包裹进PLGA微球中,制备复合微球,对微球表征后,以包封葡聚糖颗粒的微球做对照品,于37℃测定微球的体外释放,比较两者的释放曲线,考察不对称膜高分子囊泡时微球中蛋白释放的改善作用.结果:①经扫描电镜(SEM)观察,包裹高分子囊泡的复合微球形态圆整,表面光滑,平均粒径为75.20μm,粒径较为均匀,复合微球制备成功.②比较复合微球和对照微球的释放曲线,发现对照微球有较小的突释,而复合微球的几乎没有突释效应.结论:不对称膜高分子囊泡包封进PLGA微球后可以很好的改善蛋白的释放行为,获得更为理想的释放曲线.     

脐血间充质干细胞移植治疗遗传性痉挛性截瘫1例及文献复习

目的:观察脐血间充质干细胞移植治疗遗传性痉挛性截瘫(hereditary spastic paraplegia,HSP)的疗效和安全性.方法:将细胞总数为(2～6)× 107个脐血间充质干细胞通过静脉输注和腰穿鞘内注射途径移植到自愿接受干细胞移植的1例HSP患者体内.术后随访1年余定期观察患者临床症状及各项指标的变化并进行综合分析.结果:脐血间充质干细胞移植后患者临床症状明显好转:双下肢肌张力明显降低,不需借助拐杖或他人帮助可独立行走,并且步态平稳,移植后各项生化指标正常,未出现严重的并发症和明显的不良反应.随访1年余该患者的症状持续缓解无复发.结论:脐血间充质干细胞移植治疗HSP近期疗效明显,可以改善患者的临床症状,延缓病情的进展,是一种值得借鉴的治疗方法.