细菌冶金

本文论述了参与细菌冶金的微生物及其作用机制,以及细菌冶金在目前的应用状况,并对其优缺点作了论述。     

Laparoscopic transfer of ovine and cervine embryos using the transpic technique

A transpic technique was developed to transfer embryos to 352 sheep and 4 deer recipients using a laparoscope, a modified pair of Allis forceps and a modified Cassou aspic normally used for laparoscopic uterine insemination. The overall proportion of uncomplicated transfers in Experiment 1 in 216 recipient ewes was 90.7% (range between groups 80 to 100%), 3.7% of the transfers were presumed to be loss of embryos during expulsion from the transpic, and 5.6% were apparent transfers into the uterine wall. In Experiment 2,83% of transfers into 136 ewe recipients were uncomplicated, 5% were presumed to be loss of embryos during expulsion, 1% was apparent transfer into the uterine wall, and 11% involved 2 attempts at transfer. Only 34% of 116 recipients receiving low-quality frozen-thawed embryos were pregnant and 24% of the 226 embryos survived to term. In contrast, high pregnancy rates (>80%) and embryo survival rates (>70%) were achieved following uncomplicated and twice attempted transfers of fresh embryos. Pregnancy rates and embryo survival rates were low (<2%) following the presumed loss of embryos during expulsion and apparent transfers into the uterine wall. All 4 deer transfers were uncomplicated and 2 2 good-quality embryos survived to term compared with 0 2 low-medium quality embryos. The transpic technique is a moderately invasive technique which permits fast (15 to 20/h) and reliable transfer of embryos in small ruminants. With appropriate care, nearly all of the embryos can be correctly placed in the uterus, and high pregnancy rates and embryo survival rates can be achieved using this technique.     

关于无丝分裂的几个问题

关于无丝分裂在现行的中学生物教材中涉及的都很少,高中生物(必修本)仅在第33页和第40页上有所提及,在教学参考书上的论述也较为简单,在讲解此内容时,如果仅照教材和参考书讲,易使学生产生下列误解:①无丝分裂仅有缢裂一种方式。②发生无丝分裂的组织和部位只有蛙的红细胞。③无丝分裂是细胞增殖的一种重要的和正常的方式。④无丝分裂过程中染色质不发生变化。下面笔者就上述四个问题作一简要介绍。     

哺乳动物性别控制的理论与实践

控制动物性别是人们早已渴望实现的目标,这对畜牧业具有特别重要的意义。一方面它可使人们更有效地进行肉奶生产,另一方面可缩短遗传改良的时间。长期以来,众多的科学家都在为之进行不懈地努力,在大量实验的基础上,对哺乳动物性别决定问题认识逐步深入。而该领域的每一次认识突破都导致人们去尝试新的性别控制方法。     

In situ fermentation monitoring with recombinant firefly luciferase

A novel method is described for the on-line determination of viable cell number. It has been tested in fermentations of Escherichia coli. The cells are transfected with the gene for firefly luciferase and fed low levels of luciferin in the medium. The reaction requires ATP, so the nonviable cells cannot produce light. Thus, light production is linear with viable cell density from innoculation through most of exponential growth. The light emitted by these cells is then conducted from the reaction vessel to the light detection equipment by an optical fiber. With the equipment described below, as few as a 10(6) cells/mL, or an OD(600) of 0.004, are easily detectable and concentrations greater than 10(10) cells/mL are well within range. The data are collected by a computer, so adaptation to on-line control applications is straightforward. During lag phase, this method is much more accurate then optical density measurements. At the end of exponential growth, rapid changes in light production mark carbon source depletion and the onset of cell lysis. A simple model accounts for the luciferin used during the fermentation and corrects the light detected to the proper cell density. (c) 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

优质高产小麦品种鲁麦16号

1 来源 鲁麦16号是山东省济宁市农科所以高八为母本,偃大72—629为父本,有性杂交,F_1代种子用激光处理,经选育而成。1990年经山东省作物品种审定委员会审定命名。该品种是采用激光手段育成的全国少数几个优质小麦品种之一,经国内同行专家鉴定,主要品质指标达国内先进水平,其丰产性、农艺性状和综合抗性在山东省目前的几个优质品种(系)中为最好的一个,1991年获济宁市科技进步一等奖,1992年农业部将其列入扩繁新品种名单,同年获北京国际发明展览会银奖。     

白粒济宁3号小麦品种的选育

用快中子照射红粒济宁3号小麦干种子,后代获得白粒植株,经选育而成白粒济宁3号。白粒济宁3号与红粒济宁3号比,除籽粒颜色差别外,籽粒蛋白含量显著高于红粒济宁3号,而落黄性、籽粒饱满度、千粒重、产量均略低于红粒济宁3号,该品种累计种植面积10余万亩。     

北京鸭血清HDL主要载脂蛋白的高效液相层析分离及其理化性质

用高效液相层析(HPLC)对北京鸭血清高密度脂蛋白(HDL)的所有载脂蛋白(apo)分离纯化,得五个主要apo峰,经SDS-PAGE鉴定,均为单一带;并做了IEF、糖基含量分析;对其中含量高的四个apo峰样进行了氨基酸组成测定和N-端部分氨基酸序列分析;从所做理化性质的研究,发现北京鸭血清HDL中的主要apo为:A-Ⅰ、C-Ⅲ_o、apoC-Ⅲ_s(s=1,2)、apoC's及可能的A-Ⅲ,几乎不含E和A-Ⅱ_o北京鸭HDL中apo的上述组成特点明显不同于易患动脉粥样硬化(As)的人及兔等动物,在一定程度上决定了北京鸭HDL的形成与代谢具有其特点,该特点与北京鸭不易形成As密切相关。