Cross-Resistance to Herbicides in Annual Ryegrass (Lolium rigidum): I. Properties of the Herbicide Target Enzymes Acetyl-Coenzyme A Carboxylase and Acetolactate Synthase

Lolium rigidum biotype SR4/84 is resistant to the herbicides diclofop-methyl and chlorsulfuron when grown in the field, in pots, and in hydroponics. Similar extractable activities and affinities for acetyl-coenzyme A of carboxylase (ACCase), an enzyme inhibited by diclofop-methyl, were found for susceptible and resistant L. rigidum. ACCase activity from both biotypes was inhibited by diclofop-methyl, diclofop acid, haloxyfop acid, fluazifop acid, sethoxydim, and tralkoxydim but not by chlorsulfuron or trifluralin. Exposure of plants to diclofop-methyl did not induce any changes in either the extractable activities or the herbicide inhibition kinetics of ACCase. It is concluded that, in contrast to diclofop resistance in L. multiflorum and diclofop tolerance in many dicots, the basis of resistance to diclofop-methyl and to other aryloxyphenoxypropionate and cyclohexanedione herbicides in L. rigidum is not due to the altered inhibition characteristics or expression of the enzyme ACCase. The extractable activities and substrate affinity of acetolactate synthase (ALS), an enzyme inhibited by chlorsulfuron, from susceptible and resistant biotypes of L. rigidum were similar. ALS from susceptible and resistant plants was equally inhibited by chlorsulfuron. Prior exposure of plants to 100 millimolar chlorsulfuron did not affect the inhibition kinetics. It is concluded that resistance to chlorsulfuron is not caused by alterations in either the expression or inhibition characteristics of ALS.     

Sequential uterine horn versus simultaneous total uterine flush to recover bovine embryos nonsurgically

Beef cows were superovulated with follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) to compare two nonsurgical methods of embryo recovery from the uterus. In the first method each uterine horn was independently flushed with physiological saline solution (PSS) through a Foley catheter passed through the cervix and into the uterine horn. In the second method both uterine horns were simultaneously flushed with PSS by passing the catheter into the uterine body. In both methods, the numbers of ovulations were determined after embryo collection by counting the corpora lutea (CL) on both ovaries of each cow through a flank incision. Independent flushing (n = 19) averaged 6.4 embryos and 16.1 CL per cow for a recovery rate of 40%. Simultaneous flushings (n = 22) averaged 5.4 embryos and 17.7 CL per cow for a recovery rate of 31%. This difference between the recovery rates of the two flushing methods was not significant (P>0.05).     

固定化青霉素酰化酶的研究

将巨大芽孢杆菌胞外青霉素酰化酶通过共价键连接到醋酸纤维素载体上,制成的固定化青霉素酰化酶的表观活力达2000 u／g左右(PDAB法)。水解lO％(w／v)的青霉素G钾盐落液,使用30批,保留活力70％以上。6-氨基青毒烷酸(6-APA)总收率平均达88．37％。固定化青霉素酰化酶水解青霉素G的最适pH为9．95,最适温度为55℃,表观米氏常数为1.093×10-2mol／L,在pH 5．8-10．7,温度45℃以下酶的活力稳定。     

一个嗜热分解纤维素的梭菌新种的分离和鉴定

本文描述了一个严格厌氧,形成芽孢,嗜热,分解纤维素、糖和蛋白质的梭菌新种。这个种的两株菌(H11,H12)是从奶牛场的青贮饲料(山草)中分离出来的。在PYC液体培养基中细胞杆状,0．3mO．6×1．5—-5．5μm,单生或成对,很少成链。革兰氏阴性,能运动,有周生鞭毛。芽孢卵至球形,端生和次端生,使细胞膨大。游离芽孢球形,有孢子外壁和附属丝。在PYC琼脂滚管中,深层菌落呈双凸镜状,湿润,浅黄色,直径1—2mm,边缘完整。生长的最适条件是50—53℃和pH 7．5。所需要的生长因子是生物素、维生素B6、B12和对氨基苯甲酸。发酵纤维素或纤维二糖产生琥珀酸、乙酸、乙醇、氢和二氧化碳。DNA的G十C含量是38.8 mol％。参考这个种在非挥发酸中的主要产物是琥珀酸的特性,将它定名为产琥珀酸梭菌(Clostridium succinogenum Ten & Wang sp.nov．)。     

基于从头算的缬氨酸两性离子和水分子的相互作用势

本工作分两个阶段,第一阶段用从头算方法计算纳氨酸两性离子同处于160种不同位置的水分子的相互作用能,计算时采用最小基组并进行了基组重叠修正,最后还对计算得的相互作用能用Slater-Kirwood公式作色散能修正.第二阶段是势函数拟合的工作,做法是舍弃12个相互作用能大于5Kcal/mole或原子间距离小于1.68(?)的布点,对其余148个布点进行拟合.拟合结果的标准偏差为SD=0.48Kcal/mole.     

叶片叶肉结构对环境光强的适应及对光合作用的影响

本文利用Kubelka-Munk理论描述了平行光在叶片内的吸收和散射,同时利用叶片分层光合作用非直角双曲线光反应模型,给出了整张叶片光合作用计算式。最后利用优化理论阐明了叶片叶肉分化成光合特性具有明显差异的栅栏组织和海绵组织可能是对叶片内光梯度的一种适应;同时证明了叶片叶肉在一定环境光强下存在一个最佳的栅栏组织和海绵组织比例,并且这个比例随环境光强增大而增大,这最佳比例也受叶肉组织光合特性差异的影响。     

证候空间和方剂空间的数学结构

本文考察了中医理、法、方、药原理,给出了证候空间和方剂空间的数学结构,以利于中医现代化和中医临床中应用电子计算机诊疗技术。     

抗厌氧菌中草药的系列研究：Ⅱ.桂皮醛抗厌氧菌的实验研究

为探索肉桂在防治厌氧菌感染应用于临床的可能性,作者进一步用122株厌氧菌检测肉桂的抗菌活性。肉桂起抗菌作用的主要成分是桂皮醛。本文用商品桂皮醛,加吐温80助溶,配成含桂皮醛512μg/ml、256μg/ml 等一系列培养液,进行试管法测定 MIC、MBC。结果 MIC 在128μg/ml 以下者占所试菌株的76%,在256μg/ml 以下占96.7%。脆弱类杆菌、产黑素类杆菌相对更敏感。MBC 一般显著高于 MIC,因此桂皮醛主要是抑菌作用。从细菌的形态学观察,推论桂皮醛主要是作用细菌的胞壁,鉴于桂皮醛有一定毒性,作者建议可作为局部抗厌氧菌药物。     

兰锭果天然食用红色素

前言兰锭果(Lonicera caerulea L.)为忍冬科忍冬属落叶小灌木植物,是我国东北野生食用浆果。我国主要分布是长白山地区;日本北海道和苏联亦有自然分布。其果实味酸甜,富有特殊的果香味,含大量的Vc,并有清热解毒作用。是当地人民喜爱的野生食用浆果。1985年起,我们在敦化市野生植物加工厂应用兰锭果制备小香槟、在长春、长图、津图列车上畅销。并获得延边地区的优质产品和吉林省名产的光荣称号。在此基础上,我们进一步改进工艺,消除果酒和饮料的沉淀,稳定色素和营养成分,又有新的进展,成为一种新型食品添加剂和饮料。     

蛋白指纹图——一种新的病毒鉴定系统

<正>病毒蛋白可以通过单向SDS—PAGE进行分离而产生蛋白带图谱。这种图型或称指纹图对于不同的病毒是独特的。如果在病毒复制期间,由于病毒本身诱导或外加诱导抑制宿主蛋白合成,从而排除其干扰的情况下,这一规律可作为鉴定病毒的实用方法而加以应用。最近,我们介绍过一个适用于类似单纯疱疹病毒(HSV)鉴定的蛋白指纹图法。这类病毒在复制期可充分持续地抑制宿主蛋白的合成。 这里,我们介绍对于本身并不引起宿主蛋白合成抑制的病毒蛋白指纹图鉴定方法。该法依赖于在病毒复制期,对宿主蛋白的合成加以选择性地外源抑制。以没有宿主细胞蛋白干扰的感染有病毒的细胞培养物、可以直接显现能以重复的蛋白指纹图。