New fossil Ochteridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Ochteroidea) from the Upper Mesozoic of north‐eastern China,with phylogeny of the family

Specimens of the velvety shore bugs (Hemiptera: Ochtheridae) occur in the Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation in north‐eastern China. We describe two new genera and three new species –Pristinochterus ovatus Yao, Zhang & Ren sp. nov., Floricaudus multilocellus Yao, Ren & Shih gen.n. et sp.n. and Angulochterus quatrimaculatus Yao, Zhang & Ren gen.n. et sp.n. – from this deposit. A cladistic analysis based on a combination of fossil and extant taxa, and their morphological characters, clarifies the phylogenetic status of the new fossils and allows the reconstruction of relationships within the family Ochteridae. Two main clades within Ochteridae are recognized from the cladistic analysis: Pristinochterus Yao Cai & Ren and Floricaudus Yao, Ren & Shih gen.n. form a monophyletic lineage; and Angulochterus Yao, Zhang & Ren gen.n. emerges as a sister group to all extant velvety shore bugs. A key to all fossil and extant genera of Ochteridae is provided.     

The Construction of nifH-gfp Expression Vector and Its Expression in Enterobacter gergoviae 57-7

A nifH-gfp expression vector pMGFP2 was constructed by fusing the 725 bp PCR amplified triple mutated green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene (gfpS65T,V68L,S72A) fragment to the nifH promoter and its start codon which was from Klebsiella pneumoniae (Schr eter) Trevisan M5a1. A kanamycin cassette was inserted into PstⅠ site of pMGFP2, obtaining the expressing vector pMGFP2.1 which can be used for the studying of nifH-gfp expression in Enterobacter gergoviae 57-7. It was then transformed into E.gergoviae 57-7 and the effects of NH+4 and oxygen on the expression of nifH-gfp in E. gergoviae 57-7 were studied.     

铵载体(Amt)研究进展

铵载体是一类存在于细胞膜上分子量约为48 kDa的主动转运NH+4的载体。本文在简单介绍了铵载体的研究历史和铵载体与泌铵的相互关系后,阐述了在原核和真核生物中的铵载体基因的克隆及其基因表达调控的研究进展,探讨了铵载体存在的普遍性和它在氮代谢中的作用。     

Expression of TNF-α Gene in Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 and Purification of Its Product by Affinity Chromatography

The effects of N (NaNO3) and C (NaAc) source in medium on the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) gene in transgenic Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 were compared. The data showed that N source stabilized the expression of foreign protein and C source altered the synthesis of cell walls. Comparing several methods for breaking the cells, supersonic was able to extract TNF-α better than others. For purification of TNF-α, transgenic Anabaena cells were broken, the extracts were precipitated with ammonia sulfate, and the impure TNF-α was eluted from DEAE ion exchange chromatography. Electrophoresis (PAGE-SDS) showed a single band at 17 kD position.     

普通小球藻对嗪草酮、骠马和甲草胺的敏感性研究

通过96h的毒性实验,研究了普通小球藻对3种不同作用机制农田常用除草剂嗪草酮、骠马和甲草胺的敏感性．结果表明。在实验条件下,嗪草酮、甲草胺对普通小球藻的毒性随时间的推移有加重趋势。并呈现很好的剂量效应关系;最高抑制生长浓度(嗪草酮0．24mg·L^-1,甲草胺12．8mg·L^-1)处理组的最大比增长率分别为对照组的12．38％和31．58％;骠马低浓度对普通小球藻的抑制作用不明显,并呈一定的生长促进效应,0．08mg·L^-1浓度组普通小球藻最大比增长率为对照组的111．44％,而高浓度则具有明显的生长抑制作用,并随时间推移,毒性逐渐减弱．嗪草酮、骠马和甲草胺的96hEC50分别为0．021、0．937和5．54mg·L^-1．普通小球藻对嗪草酮最敏感。其次为骠马和甲草胺．3种除草剂在实验条件下对普通小球藻叶绿素a含量的影响和对普通小球藻生长的影响相似。表现出较好的剂量．效应关系．     

健康教育对心脑血管疾病终点事件发生的干预效应

通过健康教育干预探讨对心脑血管疾病发生之影响,为心脑血管疾病的防治工作提供理论依据。方法：从2000年到我院集中体检的大于50岁以上的在职和离退休干部4000人中,抽出资料完整并符合本次研究纳入标准者2000人,随机分为健康干预组和一般治疗对照组各1000人。其中干预组1000人中,高血压480人,高脂血症413人,高血压合并高脂血症107人;对照组1000人中,高血压478人,高脂血症423人．高血压合并高脂血症100人。两组均以高血压、高脂血症作为最主要的危险因素进行健康教育干预。健康教育干预组患者分别建立健康档案,制定系统的健康教育干预措施并组织实施,定期随访：一般治疗对照组患者将体检结果通知本人后,由其在门诊接受健康教育和治疗,对健康教育和治疗方法不作强制性规定。连续观察五年,比较两组五年间心脑血管疾病的发生情况（即以发生AMI／心绞痛、脑出血、脑血栓形成等心脑血管疾病的终点事件为评价标准）。结果：健康教育干预组病情控制良好,发生上述心脑血管疾病终点事件比危险因素对照组明显减少（急性心肌梗塞发生率为2．0％比3．4％,脑血栓发生率为4．3％比7．5％,TIA为2．1％比2．9％）,P〈0．01。结论：对存在心脑血管疾病危险因素者积极开展健康教育干预,可起到控制疾病进一步发展,减少心脑血管疾病终点事件的发生。     

Phylogenetic positions of several amitochondriate protozoa

Several groups of parasitic protozoa, as represented by Giardia, Trichomonas, Entamoeba and Microsporida, were once widely considered to be the most primitive extant eukaryotic group―Archezoa. The main evidence for this is their ‘lacking mitochondria’ and possessing some other primitive features between prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and being basal to all eukaryotes with mitochondria in phylogenies inferred from many molecules. Some authors even proposed that these organisms diverged before the endosymbiotic origin of mitochondria within eukaryotes. This view was once considered to be very significant to the study of origin and evolution of eukaryotic cells (eukaryotes). However, in recent years this has been challenged by accumulating evidence from new studies. Here the sequences of DNA topoisomerase II in G. lamblia, T. vaginalis and E. histolytica were identified first by PCR and sequencing, then combining with the sequence data of the microsporidia Encephalitozoon cunicul and other eukaryotic groups of different evolutionary positions from GenBank, phylogenetic trees were constructed by various methods to investigate the evolutionary positions of these amitochondriate protozoa. Our results showed that since the characteristics of DNA topoisomerase II make it avoid the defect of ‘long-branch attraction’ appearing in the previous phylogenetic analyses, our trees can not only reflect effectively the relationship of different major eukaryotic groups, which is widely accepted, but also reveal phylogenetic positions for these amitochondriate protozoa, which is different from the previous phylogenetic trees. They are not the earliest-branching eukaryotes, but diverged after some mitochondriate organisms such as kinetoplastids and mycetozoan; they are not a united group but occupy different phylogenetic positions. Combining with the recent cytological findings of mitochondria-like organelles in them, we think that though some of them (e.g. diplo-monads, as represented by Giardia) may occupy a very low evolutionary position, generally these organisms are not as extremely primitive as was thought before; they should be poly-phyletic groups diverging after the endosymbiotic origin of mitochondrion to adapt themselves to anaerobic parasitic life.     

超氧化物歧化酶对内皮细胞缺氧复氧损伤的防护作用

体外培养扔兔胸主动脉内皮细胞缺氧３０ｍｉｎ后复氧１０ｍｉｎ,可以发现缺氧后复氧可引起细胞乳酸脱氢酶释放量,细胞悬液丙二醛含量增加,谷胱甘肽过氧化酶活性降低,细胞合成释放一氧化氮减少,细胞内钙离子浓度明显升高;ＥＣ的这些损伤在缺氧期间即有表现,复氧后更为加剧。而在缺氧前预先加入终浓度为２００Ｕ／ｍｌ的超氧化物歧化酶可改善细胞的抗氧化能力,减轻缺氧复氧对ＥＣ的损伤。     

皖南地区翼手类初步研究

皖南地处江南,约介于东经116°37′-119°31′,北纬29°24′-31°10′,境内沿江及北部为冲积平原,南部为山区,天然洞穴或开山采石的废弃坑道等为翼手类提供了适宜的栖息环境。     

一个高粱直立叶突变体的表型鉴定和遗传分析

直立叶是构建合理株型和培育密植化栽培品种的重要指标之一.本研究利用甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)诱变高粱BTX623,获得一株可以稳定遗传的直立叶突变体,暂命名el(erect leaf).该突变体叶片从6叶期开始出现直立性状,直至整个生育期叶片均呈直立状态.抽穗期突变体el植株倒1叶至倒7叶各节位叶长极显著缩短,叶片宽度也显...