茄科劳尔氏菌单克隆抗体的制备及其特性鉴定

茄科劳尔氏菌(Ralstonia solanacearum,RS)是番茄、茄子、辣椒、马铃薯等茄科蔬菜青枯病害的致病菌。为实现对RS的快速高效检测,以茄科劳尔氏菌株1.76免疫BALB/c小鼠,经细胞融合后利用间接酶联免疫吸附分析(Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay,ELISA)筛选出3株能稳定分泌抗茄科劳尔氏菌株1.76的单克隆杂交瘤细胞株1C1、1B3和9D7。然后利用小鼠体内诱生腹水,1C1、1B3和9D7效价分别为1:1 024 000、1:64 000、1:256 000。采用饱和硫酸铵沉淀及Protein-G亲和层析法纯化腹水,经SDS-PAGE鉴定显示纯化后的单克隆抗体(Monoclonal Antibodies,mAb)纯度较高。纯化后单克隆抗体(2 mg/mL)效价分别为1:17 529、1:35 819、1:50 000,抗体亚型均为IgG1。对3株抗体进行特异性检测结果显示,1C1和9D7均不能与RS-5结合,1B3不能结合1.74和RS-5。此外,检测结果还表明3株单克隆抗体与桑肠杆菌JX-6、苏云金芽胞杆菌SYJ及实验室现有11株燕麦嗜酸菌卡特莱兰亚种、燕麦嗜酸菌西瓜亚种、玉米细菌性条斑菌、嗜酸菌魔芋亚种,梨火疫病菌QB0809、 XL-4,玉米细菌性枯萎病菌QB0241、QB0242,水稻细菌性谷枯病菌QB0017、QB0753、QB0755均无交叉情况。此次茄科劳尔氏菌抗体的制备,为后期青枯病菌的快速检测提供参考。     

山西兴县中奥陶统马家沟组五5亚段遗迹化石组合及其古环境意义

鄂尔多斯盆地东缘关家崖剖面奥陶系马家沟组五5亚段地层中保存大量无脊椎动物遗迹化石,可识别出居住迹、牧食迹、觅食迹三大类,共7个遗迹属、14个遗迹种,分别是Arenicolites isp.,Cylindricumisp.,Helminthopsis abeli,Helminthopsis isp.1,Helminthopsis isp.2,Lorenziniaisp.,Planolites isp.,Planolites beverleyensis,Planolites montanus,Teichichnus rectus,Thalassinoides isp.1,Thalassinoides isp.2,Thalassinoides isp.3,Thalassinoides isp.4。根据遗迹化石特征及其沉积环境,可划分3个遗迹组合:1、Helminthopsis-Planolites组合,该组合以觅食迹为主,部分为居住迹,出现在潮间带和潮下带;2、Thalassinoides-Teichichnus组合,该组合遗迹化石种类较单一,主要为觅食迹,分布于潮间带和潮上带;3、Thalassinoides-Helminthopsis组合,该组合出现在潮间带。基于遗迹化石组合的分布特点,提出山西兴县奥陶系马家沟组五5亚段的沉积环境模式。     

从莫诺方程谈起——生物类本科专业教学中3个相似方程的探讨

介绍并比较探讨了生物类相关本科专业课程教学中涉及的3个相似方程：微生物细胞生长动力学中的莫诺方程、酶促反应动力学中的米氏方程、吸附分离过程中的等温吸附方程,以供相关专业教师的教学和学生的学习参考。     

土施糖类对丛枝菌根真菌侵染率和产孢的影响

丛枝菌根真菌(arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,AMF)不能进行光合作用,需要宿主植物提供碳水化合物供其完成整个生命周期,添加外源物质调控AMF和宿主植物的关系被认为是一种可行的措施。通过盆栽实验种植番茄,探索土施不同糖类对摩西球囊霉Glomus mosseae的侵染率、产孢能力和功能(宿主植物生长和养分)的影响。结果表明,添加葡萄糖和蔗糖可提高接种了摩西球囊霉的番茄的地上部生物量以及磷、钾吸收量,但对地上部氮吸收量影响不显著;添加麦芽糖和淀粉对地上部生物量及氮磷钾养分吸收量的影响均不显著。添加糖类处理,土壤碱解氮均有下降趋势;土壤速效磷、速效钾随着地上部磷和钾吸收量增加有下降趋势。糖类添加对土壤有机质没有影响。添加不同糖类均提高了AMF的侵染率,其中添加蔗糖处理的侵染率较单独施用摩西球囊霉菌处理增加了114%。单独施用摩西球囊霉菌剂处理土壤孢子数为10个/g,添加葡萄糖和淀粉处理的孢子数均为8个/g,添加蔗糖和麦芽糖处理的孢子数均为11个/g,添加糖类均对AMF产孢无显著影响。     

Mapping a Large Number of QTL for Durable Resistance to Stripe Rust in Winter Wheat Druchamp Using SSR and SNP Markers

Winter wheat Druchamp has both high-temperature adult-plant (HTAP) resistance and all-stage resistance to stripe rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst). The HTAP resistance in Druchamp is durable as the variety has been resistant in adult-plant stage since it was introduced from France to the United States in late 1940s. To map the quantitative trait loci (QTL) for stripe rust resistance, an F₈ recombinant inbred line (RIL) population from cross Druchamp × Michigan Amber was phenotyped for stripe rust response in multiple years in fields under natural infection and with selected Pst races under controlled greenhouse conditions, and genotyped with simple sequence repeat (SSR) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. Composite interval mapping (CIM) identified eight HTAP resistance QTL and three all-stage resistance QTL. Among the eight HTAP resistance QTL, QYrdr.wgp-1BL.2 (explaining 2.36-31.04% variation), QYrdr.wgp-2BL (2.81–15.65%), QYrdr.wgp-5AL (2.27–17.22%) and QYrdr.wgp-5BL.2 (2.42–15.13%) were significant in all tests; and QYrdr.wgp-1BL.1 (1.94–10.19%), QYrdr.wgp-1DS (2.04–27.24%), QYrdr.wgp-3AL (1.78–13.85%) and QYrdr.wgp-6BL.2 (1.69–33.71%) were significant in some of the tests. The three all-stage resistance QTL, QYrdr.wgp-5BL.1 (5.47–36.04%), QYrdr.wgp-5DL (9.27–11.94%) and QYrdr.wgp-6BL.1 (13.07-20.36%), were detected based on reactions in the seedlings tested with certain Pst races. Among the eleven QTL detected in Druchamp, at least three (QYrdr.wgp-5DL for race-specific all-stage resistance and QYrdr.wgp-3AL and QYrdr.wgp-6BL.2 for race non-specific HTAP resistance) are new. All these QTL, especially those for durable HTAP resistance, and their closely linked molecular markers could be useful for developing wheat cultivars with durable resistance to stripe rust.     

Multi-representation of symbolic and nonsymbolic numerical magnitude in Chinese number processing

Numerical information can be conveyed by either symbolic or nonsymbolic representation. Some symbolic numerals can also be identified as nonsymbolic quantities defined by the number of lines (e.g., I, II, III in Roman and -, =, ≡ in Japanese Kanji and Chinese). Here we report that such multi-representation of magnitude can facilitate the processing of these numerals under certain circumstances. In a magnitude comparison task judging 1 to 9 (except 5) Chinese and Arabic numerals presented at the foveal (at the center) or parafoveal (3° left or right of the center) location, multi-representational small-value Chinese numerals showed a processing advantage over single-representational Arabic numerals and large-value Chinese numerals only in the parafoveal condition, demonstrated by lower error rates and faster reaction times. Further event-related potential (ERP) analysis showed that such a processing advantage was not reflected by traditional ERP components identified in previous studies of number processing, such as N1 or P2p. Instead, the difference was found much later in a N400 component between 300-550 msec over parietal regions, suggesting that those behavioral differences may not be due to early processing of visual identification, but later processing of subitizing or accessing mental number line when lacking attentional resources. These results suggest that there could be three stages of number processing represented separately by the N1, P2p and N400 ERP components. In addition, numerical information can be represented simultaneously by both symbolic and nonsymbolic systems, which will facilitate number processing in certain situations.     

新疆猪毛菜属植物多样性地理分布格局及其环境解释

猪毛菜属(Salsola)是新疆干旱区分布最为丰富的被子植物属之一,是盐碱和荒漠区的先锋种和建群种,对西北干旱区植被恢复与建设具有巨大生态价值。基于新疆自然分布的33种猪毛菜属物种共741个分布数据,整合利用点格局法和物种分布模型法构建了物种丰富度(SR)、加权特有性指数(WE)和校正加权特有性指数(CWE)的分布格局。选取环境能量、水分可获得性、气候季节性、生境异质性、土壤条件和历史气候变化共6类19种生态因子,利用地理加权回归模型(GWR)探究了环境异质性对猪毛菜属物种丰富度的影响。结果显示：(1)基于现实点位模型和物种分布模型构建的物种丰富度具有一致性,均呈北高南低、西高东低的破碎化分布趋势,但物种分布模型的结果在空间上比点格局法更连续,物种丰富度的高值区主要分布于准噶尔盆地南缘、准噶尔西部山地、天山西端和天山南脉南缘;(2)加权特有性指数和校正加权特有性指数的分布格局与物种丰富度分布格局具有一定差异,其最大值集中分布于准噶尔盆地南缘、伊犁河谷和塔里木盆地西南缘;(3)GWR模型结果表明,海拔变幅、土壤酸碱度和最干月降水量是制约新疆分布的猪毛菜属丰富度和特有性分布的最重要因素。     

Large-Scale Information Flow in Conscious and Unconscious States: an ECoG Study in Monkeys

Consciousness is an emergent property of the complex brain network. In order to understand how consciousness is constructed, neural interactions within this network must be elucidated. Previous studies have shown that specific neural interactions between the thalamus and frontoparietal cortices; frontal and parietal cortices; and parietal and temporal cortices are correlated with levels of consciousness. However, due to technical limitations, the network underlying consciousness has not been investigated in terms of large-scale interactions with high temporal and spectral resolution. In this study, we recorded neural activity with dense electrocorticogram (ECoG) arrays and used the spectral Granger causality to generate a more comprehensive network that relates to consciousness in monkeys. We found that neural interactions were significantly different between conscious and unconscious states in all combinations of cortical region pairs. Furthermore, the difference in neural interactions between conscious and unconscious states could be represented in 4 frequency-specific large-scale networks with unique interaction patterns: 2 networks were related to consciousness and showed peaks in alpha and beta bands, while the other 2 networks were related to unconsciousness and showed peaks in theta and gamma bands. Moreover, networks in the unconscious state were shared amongst 3 different unconscious conditions, which were induced either by ketamine and medetomidine, propofol, or sleep. Our results provide a novel picture that the difference between conscious and unconscious states is characterized by a switch in frequency-specific modes of large-scale communications across the entire cortex, rather than the cessation of interactions between specific cortical regions.     

SARS-CoV N蛋白抗原表位的筛选和鉴定

利用噬菌体展示的线性12肽库从马抗SARS-CoV IgG筛选SARS-CoV的抗原表位.经生物淘洗富集的噬菌体克隆被测序.获得两个共有序列DXXDP和TXTLL.它们分别与SARS-CoV N蛋白341-345和392-396位氨基酸序列高度同源.含共有序列的克隆在ELISA竞争抑制试验中与SARS-CoV N蛋白竞争结合马抗SARS-CoVIgG.将两个共有序列肽通过基因重组技术成功展示到大肠杆菌鞭毛,获得重组菌F1和F2.用重组菌F1和F2免疫接种试验Balb/c小鼠产生的血清均能与SARS-CoVN蛋白特异结合.说明DXXDP和TXTLL是SARS-CoVN蛋白的两个连续抗原表位.     

TRAIL联合多西紫杉醇对人鼻咽癌CNE2细胞的体外作用研究

目的:研究肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡配体(TRAIL)联合化疗药物多西紫杉醇对鼻咽癌CNE2细胞凋亡诱导作用。方法:应用MTT法检测不同浓度多西紫杉醇的抗癌活性,计算其亚毒性剂量,流式细胞仪检测多西紫杉醇及TRAIL单独或者联合作用于鼻咽癌CNE2细胞后的细胞凋亡发生率,TUNEL法观察细胞凋亡发生情况。结果:鼻咽癌细胞对TRAIL的作用敏感,多西紫杉醇可以增强其凋亡诱导作用。结论:TRAIL与多西紫杉醇具有协同抗鼻咽癌作用,有望应用于鼻咽癌的临床治疗。