中国喀斯特地区微生物群落结构和功能的研究进展

频繁的人类生产活动使植被遭到破坏,造成基岩裸露的石漠化现象,严重制约了喀斯特地区自然和社会经济的发展,随着生态修复工程的大力开展,微生物群落的结构和功能在生态修复中逐渐受到重视,因为微生物作为喀斯特生态系统的重要组成部分,不仅在物质循环过程中起着重要作用,也在喀斯特生态系统修复中占有十分重要的地位。所以微生物群落结构和功能的研究可以作为衡量生态系统稳定性的重要指标。就中国喀斯特地区的典型植被恢复的不同阶段、成土过程、不同的土地利用方式、矿山修复过程以及不同水域中的微生物群落结构及功能等方面的研究状况进行系统梳理,结合实例综合论述喀斯特地区生态修复过程中微生物作用的研究进展,以期为喀斯特地区生态修复提供参考。     

6个猕猴桃品种的果实贮藏与品质评价

为了选育耐贮藏且风味品质优异的猕猴桃(Actinidia)新品种,对美味猕猴桃(A.deliciosa)的3个野生品种‘kvf54’、‘kvf6’、‘鑫美’和3个栽培种‘秦美’、‘华美’、‘徐香’的品质和贮藏特性等进行比较分析。结果表明,常温和1℃贮藏下‘kvf54’和‘徐香’的硬度下降趋势相近,优于其他品种,且‘kvf54’的维生素C (V_C)含量最高。而在相同贮藏条件下,‘鑫美’可溶性固形物含量积累速度最快,淀粉和可滴定酸含量最少,贮藏性能不佳。‘kvf54’相比于其他品种的贮藏性更好,V_C、糖类物质等含量高,是可用于培育耐贮藏新品种的优质材料。     

UreB immunodominant epitope-specific CD8+ T-cell responses were beneficial in reducing gastric symptoms in Helicobacter pylori-infected individuals

Background and aims

Although Helicobacter pylori is recognized as an extracellular infection bacterium, it can lead to an increase in the number of CD8⁺ T cells after infection. At present, the characteristics of H. pylori antigen-specific CD8⁺ T cells and the epitope response have not been elucidated. This study was focused on putative protective antigen UreB to detect specific CD8⁺ T-cell responses in vitro and screen for predominant response epitopes.

Methods

The PBMCs collected from H. pylori-infected individuals were stimulated by UreB peptide pools in vitro to identify the immunodominant CD8⁺ T-cell epitopes. Furthermore, their HLA restriction characteristics were detected accordingly by NGS. Finally, the relationship between immunodominant responses and appearance of gastric symptoms after H. pylori infection was conducted.

Results

UreB-specific CD8⁺ T-cell responses were detected in H. pylori-infected individuals. Three of UreB dominant epitopes (A-2 (UreB_443–451: GVKPNMIIK), B-4 (UreB_420–428: SEYVGSVEV), and C-1 (UreB_5–13: SRKEYVSMY)) were firstly identified and mainly presented by HLA-A*1101, HLA-B*4001 and HLA-C*0702 alleles, respectively. C-1 responses were mostly occurred in H. pylori-infected subjects without gastric symptoms and may alleviate the degree of gastric inflammation.

Conclusions

The UreB dominant epitope-specific CD8⁺ T-cell response was closely related to the gastric symptoms after H. pylori infection, and the C-1 (UreB_5-13) dominant peptides may be protective epitopes.     

Circular RNA SLTM as a miR-421-competing endogenous RNA to mediate HMGB2 expression stimulates apoptosis and inflammation in arthritic chondrocytes

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common age-related joint disease characterized by chronic inflammation, progressive articular cartilage destruction, and subchondral sclerosis. Accumulating evidence suggests that circular RNAs (circRNAs) play key roles in OA, but the function of circSLTM in OA remains greatly unknown. Therefore, this study focused on interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-treated primary human chondrocytes as well as a rat model to investigate the expression pattern and functional role of circSLTM in OA in vitro and in vivo. CircSLTM and high mobility group protein B2 (HMGB2) were upregulated in IL-1β-induced chondrocytes, whereas miR-421 was downregulated. Knockdown of circSLTM or overexpression of miR-421 ameliorated IL-1β-induced chondrocyte apoptosis and inflammation. The regulatory relationship between circSLTM and miR-421, as well as that between miR-421 and HMGB2, was predicted by bioinformatics and then verified by the RNA immunoprecipitation experiment and dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. Furthermore, silencing of circSLTM increased cartilage destruction and decreased cartilage tissue apoptosis rate and inflammation in a rat model of OA. Taken together, our findings demonstrate the fundamental role of circSLTM in OA progression and provide a potential molecular target for OA therapy.     

钾通道阻断剂所致的蜗内直流电位改变

本实验采用耳蜗外淋巴灌流技术,观察了四氨基吡啶(4-AP)、四乙基铵(TEA)以及奎宁等不同钾通道阻断剂对豚鼠蜗内直流电位(EP)的影响。发现快钾通道阻断剂4-AP对EP无明显影响,但可改变强噪声所致EP改变的形式。TEA与奎宁则可减少负相EP(N-EP)的绝对值。实验结果提示耳蜗内有不同类型的钾离子通道存在并各具有不同的生理意义。     

家兔三叉神经终止核对颏舌肌肌电活动的调制作用

本工作在35只氨基甲酸乙酯麻醉、自主呼吸的家兔上观察了刺激三叉神经终止核(NTV)对颏舌肌肌电活动的影响。结果发现,电刺激NTV和NTV内微量注射谷氨酸钠都能使颏舌肌出现明显的易化效应。电刺激NTV背侧与腹侧时,颏舌肌肌电反应的潜伏期分别为5.9±0.7ms和3.0±0.4ms,电刺激舌下神经核时颏舌肌反应的潜伏期为2.2±0.2ms。结果提示三叉神经终止核的兴奋可加强颏舌肌的活动从而减小上呼吸道阻力。     

撕裂蜡孔菌HG2011对光叶紫花苕结瘤固氮的影响及其潜在机制

【目的】 在我国南方尤其是西南地区,光叶紫花苕(Vicia villosa Roth.)作为重要的青饲和绿肥两用豆科作物被广泛种植,有助于提高土壤氮素和后茬作物的产量品质。接种有益微生物是促进豆科作物生物固氮和生长的重要措施之一。为此,本文研究了一株自主分离获得的白腐真菌¾¾撕裂蜡孔菌(Careporia lacerata HG2011)对光叶紫花苕结瘤固氮和生长的影响,并揭示其潜在机制。【方法】 采用微生物培养、植物培养和田间试验,研究C. lacerata磷铁活化能力、代谢产物构成、与根瘤菌Rhizobium sophorae S3的相互作用,及其对光叶紫花苕结瘤、生长、产量、品质和土壤有效磷铁的影响。【结果】 C. lacerata和根瘤菌之间无拮抗作用。液相色谱-质谱(liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, LC-MS)分析发现,C. lacerata发酵液含有氨基酸、有机酸和类黄酮等化感物质,能增强根瘤菌的趋化性并促进生物膜形成。此外,C. lacerata还能释放生长素、赤霉素、水杨酸和铁载体,活化难溶性有机和无机磷。在植物培养试验中,单独接种C. lacerata或根瘤菌均能促进光叶紫花苕生长,但以共接种处理效果最佳。C. lacerata定殖于光叶紫花苕根际,导致根长、根系表面积和结瘤数显著增加。田间试验发现,接种C. lacerata显著提高了光叶紫花苕单株根瘤数、根瘤质量和固氮酶活性,以及土壤有效磷铁含量和磷酸酶活性,产量比常规施肥处理增加12.15%且品质无显著变化。【结论】 C. lacerata能够在光叶紫花苕根际定殖,通过分泌化感物质、生长素和活化土壤磷铁等机制促进结瘤固氮和生长发育。C. lacerata易于培养,菌剂制备成本低廉,施用简便,对提高豆科作物产量品质具有一定应用价值。     

细菌Ⅵ型分泌系统效应蛋白的装配及功能的研究进展

蛋白分泌作为细胞之间传递信号的途径之一,在微生物生存竞争中也扮演着重要的角色。革兰氏阴性菌可以通过Ⅵ型分泌系统(type Ⅵ secretion system, T6SS)将效应蛋白传递至胞外或原核和真核微生物中,从而介导微生物间的竞争或宿主-细菌的相互作用,最终建立竞争优势。本文主要总结了T6SS的结构与组成,并重点对效应蛋白的装配以及其与免疫蛋白的作用机制的研究进展进行阐述,为以后靶向T6SS抗菌药物的研制提供新思路。