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101.
Eden GF Jones KM Cappell K Gareau L Wood FB Zeffiro TA Dietz NA Agnew JA Flowers DL 《Neuron》2004,44(3):411-422
Brain imaging studies have explored the neural mechanisms of recovery in adults following acquired disorders and, more recently, childhood developmental disorders. However, the neural systems underlying adult rehabilitation of neurobiologically based learning disabilities remain unexplored, despite their high incidence. Here we characterize the differences in brain activity during a phonological manipulation task before and after a behavioral intervention in adults with developmental dyslexia. Phonologically targeted training resulted in performance improvements in tutored compared to nontutored dyslexics, and these gains were associated with signal increases in bilateral parietal and right perisylvian cortices. Our findings demonstrate that behavioral changes in tutored dyslexic adults are associated with (1) increased activity in those left-hemisphere regions engaged by normal readers and (2) compensatory activity in the right perisylvian cortex. Hence, behavioral plasticity in adult developmental dyslexia involves two distinct neural mechanisms, each of which has previously been observed either for remediation of developmental or acquired reading disorders. 相似文献
102.
The advent of green fluorescent protein technology, its use in photobleaching experiments and the development of methods to rapidly acquire images and analyze complex datasets have opened the door to unraveling the mechanisms of nuclear functions in living cells. Studies over the past few years have characterized the movement of chromatin, nuclear proteins and nuclear bodies and, in some cases, correlated their dynamics with energy dependence, cell cycle progression, developmental changes, factor targeting and nuclear position. The mechanisms by which nuclear components move or are restrained have important implications for understanding not only the efficacy of nuclear functions but also the regulation of developmental programs and cellular growth. 相似文献
103.
Phosphoproteome profiling of human skin fibroblast cells in response to low- and high-dose irradiation 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Yang F Stenoien DL Strittmatter EF Wang J Ding L Lipton MS Monroe ME Nicora CD Gristenko MA Tang K Fang R Adkins JN Camp DG Chen DJ Smith RD 《Journal of proteome research》2006,5(5):1252-1260
A hallmark of the response to high-dose radiation is the up-regulation and phosphorylation of proteins involved in cell cycle checkpoint control, DNA damage signaling, DNA repair, and apoptosis. Exposure of cells to low doses of radiation has well documented biological effects, but the underlying regulatory mechanisms are still poorly understood. The objective of this study is to provide an initial profile of the normal human skin fibroblast (HSF) phosphoproteome and explore potential differences between low- and high-dose irradiation responses at the protein phosphorylation level. Several techniques including Trizol extraction of proteins, methylation of tryptic peptides, enrichment of phosphopeptides with immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC), nanoflow reversed-phase HPLC (nano-LC)/electrospray ionization, and tandem mass spectrometry were combined for analysis of the HSF cell phosphoproteome. Among 494 unique phosphopeptides, 232 were singly phosphorylated, while 262 peptides had multiple phosphorylation sites indicating the overall effectiveness of the IMAC technique to enrich both singly and multiply phosphorylated peptides. We observed approximately 1.9-fold and approximately 3.6-fold increases in the number of identified phosphopeptides in low-dose and high-dose samples respectively, suggesting both radiation levels stimulate cell signaling pathways. A 6-fold increase in the phosphorylation of cyclin dependent kinase (cdk) motifs was observed after low- dose irradiation, while high-dose irradiation stimulated phosphorylation of 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (PDK1) and AKT/RSK motifs 8.5- and 5.5-fold, respectively. High- dose radiation resulted in the increased phosphorylation of proteins involved in cell signaling pathways as well as apoptosis while low-dose and control phosphoproteins were broadly distributed among biological processes. 相似文献
104.
Zhang Y Yang F Kao YC Kurilla MG Pompliano DL Dicker IB 《Analytical biochemistry》2002,304(2):174-179
Escherichia coli DnaG primase is a single-stranded DNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Primase catalyzes the synthesis of a short RNA primer to initiate DNA replication at the origin and to initiate Okazaki fragment synthesis for synthesis of the lagging strand. Primase activity is greatly stimulated through its interaction with DnaB helicase. Here we report a 96-well homogeneous scintillation proximity assay (SPA) for the study of DnaB-stimulated E. coli primase activity and the identification of E. coli primase inhibitors. The assay uses an adaptation of the general priming reaction by employing DnaG primase, DnaB helicase, and ribonucleotidetriphosphates (incorporation of [(3)H]CTP) for in vitro primer synthesis on single-stranded oligonucleotide and M13mp18 DNA templates. The primase product is captured by polyvinyl toluene-polyethyleneimine-coated SPA beads and quantified by counting by beta-scintography. In the absence of helicase as a cofactor, primer synthesis is reduced by 85%. The primase assay was used for screening libraries of compounds previously identified as possessing antimicrobial activities. Primase inhibitory compounds were then classified as direct primase inhibitors or mixed primase/helicase inhibitors by further evaluation in a specific assay for DnaB helicase activity. By this approach, specific primase inhibitors could be identified. 相似文献
105.
106.
Kozlov IA Melnyk PC Hachmann JP Barker DL Lebl M Zhao C 《Nucleosides, nucleotides & nucleic acids》2007,26(10-12):1353-1357
We developed novel assays for high-throughput detection of one or many kinases or proteases. The assays use hundreds of different peptide substrates, each covalently linked to an oligonucleotide tag. After incubation with sample, the pool of substrates is hybridized to a microarray containing oligonucleotides complementary to the tag sequences. We screened several specific chemistries for the conjugation based on the following criteria: easy derivatization of oligonucleotides and peptides; high efficiency of the conjugation reaction; good stability of the conjugates; and satisfactory conjugate performance in our assays. We have validated selected method during the successful generation of thousands oligonucleotide-peptide conjugates. 相似文献
107.
目的:观察新生大鼠缺氧缺血后脑内葡萄糖转运蛋白1( GLUT1)和葡萄糖转运蛋白3 (GLUT3)的表达情况以及孕酮对其的影响.方法:新生SD大鼠40只,随机分成4组:正常组、假手术组、缺氧缺血组和孕酮组.建立新生鼠缺氧缺血性脑病模型,免疫组化方法检测新生大鼠海马部位GLUT1及GLUT3的表达.结果:正常组和假手术组新生大鼠海马可见少量GLUT1和GLUT3 的表达,两组间无显著差异( P>0.05);缺氧缺血组GLUT1和GLUT3表达均明显高于假手术组(P<0.05);孕酮组GLUT的表达不仅明显高于假手术组(P<0.01),而且明显高于缺氧缺血组(P<0.05).结论:孕酮通过上调GLUT1和GLUT3的表达以维持脑组织的能量供给,增强神经元对缺氧缺血的耐受性. 相似文献
108.
Lescano AR Blazes DL Montano SM Moran Z Naquira C Ramirez E Lie R Martin GJ Lescano AG Zunt JR 《PloS one》2008,3(9):e3274
With the rapidly increasing number of health care professionals seeking international research experience, comes an urgent need for enhanced capacity of host country institutional review boards (IRB) to review research proposals and ensure research activities are both ethical and relevant to the host country customs and needs. A successful combination of distance learning, interactive courses and expert course instructors has been applied in Peru since 2004 through collaborations between the U.S. Naval Medical Research Center Detachment, the University of Washington and the Department of Clinical Bioethics of the National Institutes of Health to provide training in ethical conduct of research to IRB members and researchers from Peru and other Latin American countries. All training activities were conducted under the auspices of the Peruvian National Institute of Health (INS), Ministry of Health. To date, 927 people from 12 different Latin American countries have participated in several of these training activities. In this article we describe our training model. 相似文献
109.
110.