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1.
Semiparametric Regression in Size-Biased Sampling 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ying Qing Chen 《Biometrics》2010,66(1):149-158
Summary . Size-biased sampling arises when a positive-valued outcome variable is sampled with selection probability proportional to its size. In this article, we propose a semiparametric linear regression model to analyze size-biased outcomes. In our proposed model, the regression parameters of covariates are of major interest, while the distribution of random errors is unspecified. Under the proposed model, we discover that regression parameters are invariant regardless of size-biased sampling. Following this invariance property, we develop a simple estimation procedure for inferences. Our proposed methods are evaluated in simulation studies and applied to two real data analyses. 相似文献
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Intermittent tongue, lip and cheek forces influence precise tooth position, so we here examine the possibility that tissue remodelling driven by functional bite-force-induced jaw-strain accounts for tooth eruption. Notably, although a separate true ‘eruptive force’ is widely assumed, there is little direct evidence for such a force. We constructed a three dimensional finite element model from axial computerized tomography of an 8 year old child mandible containing 12 erupted and 8 unerupted teeth. Tissues modelled included: cortical bone, cancellous bone, soft tissue dental follicle, periodontal ligament, enamel, dentine, pulp and articular cartilage. Strain and hydrostatic stress during incisive and unilateral molar bite force were modelled, with force applied via medial and lateral pterygoid, temporalis, masseter and digastric muscles. Strain was maximal in the soft tissue follicle as opposed to surrounding bone, consistent with follicle as an effective mechanosensor. Initial numerical analysis of dental follicle soft tissue overlying crowns and beneath the roots of unerupted teeth was of volume and hydrostatic stress. To numerically evaluate biological significance of differing hydrostatic stress levels normalized for variable finite element volume, ‘biological response units’ in Nmm were defined and calculated by multiplication of hydrostatic stress and volume for each finite element. Graphical representations revealed similar overall responses for individual teeth regardless if incisive or right molar bite force was studied. There was general compression in the soft tissues over crowns of most unerupted teeth, and general tension in the soft tissues beneath roots. Not conforming to this pattern were the unerupted second molars, which do not erupt at this developmental stage. Data support a new hypothesis for tooth eruption, in which the follicular soft tissues detect bite-force-induced bone-strain, and direct bone remodelling at the inner surface of the surrounding bony crypt, with the effect of enabling tooth eruption into the mouth. 相似文献
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本文记述了采自四川邛海湖的红鲌属鱼类一新亚种,命名为邛海红鲌,新亚种Erythroculter mongolicus qionghaiensis suhsp. nov.。本新亚种与长身红鲌E. mongolicus elongatus He et Liu较接近。其差别在于本新亚种鳃耙多(25—28对22—24);体较高(4.3—4.9对4.5—5.6);尾柄较短(6.6—8.5对6.2—7.4)。另外,本新亚种与它的差异还表现在头后背部隆起程度不同,前者明显隆起而后者不明显隆起。本新亚种与指名亚种E. mongolicus mongolicus(Basilewsky)相较差异更为显著。 相似文献
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Wei de Zhang Fan Qing Li Xiao Yun Zhang Ying Chen 《Biological trace element research》1988,17(1):81-90
The growth of the protozoanBlepherisma is stimulated by Lanthanum (La) at concentrations as low as 0.32 ppm. In mice Yttrium (Y) and Ytterbium (Yb) are absorbed,
accumulated, and metabolized. Both rare earth elements (RE) exhibit a high affinity for teeth and bones, accumulation occurs
and metabolism is slow. In the livers of RE-exposed mice, concentrations are variable. The liver is apparently capable of
absorbing and discharging RE in a manner depending on metabolic activity. The main route of discharge for ingested REs is
the alimentary canal. Exposure of pregnant mice to RE leads to rapid placental transfer of RE; 14.1% of the total amount of
RE administered was detected in newborn mice. Young, developing organisms appear to be especially susceptible to RE accumulation. 相似文献
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云南羯布罗香树脂的化学成分 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
从云南产羯布罗香(Dipterocarpus tubinatus Gaertn. f.)树脂中分离得到6个三萜化合物,鉴定为羟基达玛烯酮—Ⅱ(hydroxydammarenone-Ⅱ,达玛烯二醇—Ⅱ(dammarenediol—Ⅱ),白桦脂酸(betulonk acid),亚细亚酸(asiatic acid),3,23-O-异丙叉亚细亚酸(3,23-O-isopropylidene asiatic acid)和崩大碗酸(madasiatic acid)。其中崩大碗酸系首次从龙脑香科树脂中分离得到。 相似文献
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大鼠离体左室乳头肌固定于最适初长位,逐步递减“后荷”获得一系列等张收缩的张力、长度缩短程度和速度。结果发现:(1)收缩末期张力-长度关系(ESTLR)为指数曲线,回归方程 T=ar~(-bL)-K 拟合的优度明显高于线性方程拟合的优度(P<0.001),其中 a,k 分别代表总张力和静息张力,b 为曲线的弯曲度;(2)在高钙(4mmol/L)或去甲肾上腺素(NE10~(-6)mol/L)作用下,ESTLR 右上移位,a,b 和无张力缩短速度 L_O 均增大(P均<0.01),尤以高钙时的变化更明显,(3)NE 使张力-速度曲线的右上移位比高钙显著。这提示大鼠离体心肌的 ESTLR 呈非线性特征,参数 a,b 及长度轴截距 L_O 对收缩强度的变化敏感,但对收缩速度改变的敏感性可能比经典的力学指标低。 相似文献