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71.
KA Hyndman DH Evans 《Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part A, Molecular & integrative physiology》2009,152(1):58-65
We recently determined that rapid changes in environmental salinity alter endothelin-1 (EDN1) mRNA levels in the euryhaline killifish, Fundulus heteroclitus, so we hypothesized that EDN1 may be a local regulator of gill ion transport in teleost fishes. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of changes in environmental salinity on the gill endothelin receptors: EDNRA, EDNRB, and EDNRC. Using quantitative real-time PCR, we determined that after a fresh water (FW) to seawater (SW) transfer, there is a two to threefold increase in gill EDNRA and EDNRB mRNA levels. Likewise, we found a two to three fold increase in gill EDNRA and EDNRB protein concentration. In addition, killifish that have acclimated to FW for 30 days had significantly lower EDNRA mRNA and protein levels than SW killifish. ENDRA were immunolocalized to the mitochondrion-rich cells of the killifish gill, suggesting that EDN1 signaling cascades may affect MRC function. EDNRB were found throughout the gill vasculature and on lamellar pillar cells. We previously immunolocalized EDN1 to the pillar cell suggesting that EDN1 acts as an autocrine signaling molecule and potentially regulates pillar cell tone and lamellar perfusion. We conclude that EDN1 is physiologically active in the teleost gill, and regulated by environmental salinity. Future functional studies examining the physiological role of this system are necessary to completely understand EDN1 in the fish gill. 相似文献
72.
Ebi A. George Ann‐Kathrin Brger Markus Thamm Axel Brockmann Ricarda Scheiner 《Genes, Brain & Behavior》2020,19(1)
Individual behavioural differences in responding to the same stimuli is an integral part of division of labour in eusocial insect colonies. Amongst honey bee nectar foragers, individuals strongly differ in their sucrose responsiveness, which correlates with strong differences in behavioural decisions. In this study, we explored whether the mechanisms underlying the regulation of foraging are linked to inter‐individual differences in the waggle dance activity of honey bee foragers. We first quantified the variation in dance activity amongst groups of foragers visiting an artificial feeder filled consecutively with different sucrose concentrations. We then determined, for these foragers, the sucrose responsiveness and the brain expression levels of three genes associated with food search and foraging; the foraging gene Amfor, octopamine receptor gene AmoctαR1 and insulin receptor AmInR‐2. As expected, foragers showed large inter‐individual differences in their dance activity, irrespective of the reward offered at the feeder. The sucrose responsiveness correlated positively with the intensity of the dance activity at the higher reward condition, with the more responsive foragers having a higher intensity of dancing. Out of the three genes tested, Amfor expression significantly correlated with dance activity, with more active dancers having lower expression levels. Our results show that dance and foraging behaviour in honey bees have similar mechanistic underpinnings and supports the hypothesis that the social communication behaviour of honey bees might have evolved by co‐opting behavioural modules involved in food search and foraging in solitary insects. 相似文献
73.
Role of cryptic genes in microbial evolution 总被引:23,自引:1,他引:23
Cryptic genes are phenotypically silent DNA sequences, not normally
expressed during the life cycle of an individual. They may, however, be
activated in a few individuals of a large population by mutation,
recombination, insertion elements, or other genetic mechanisms. A
consideration of the microbial literature concerning biochemical evolution,
physiology, and taxonomy provides the basis for a hypothesis of microbial
adaptation and evolution by mutational activation of cryptic genes.
Evidence is presented, and a mathematical model is derived, indicating that
powerful and biologically important mechanisms exist to prevent the loss of
cryptic genes. We propose that cryptic genes persist as a vital element of
the genetic repertoire, ready for recall by mutational activation in future
generations. Cryptic genes provide a versatile endogenous genetic reservoir
that enhances the adaptive potential of a species by a mechanism that is
independent of genetic exchange.
相似文献
74.
L Moroder L Wilschowitz E Jaeger S Knof P Thamm E Wünsch 《Hoppe-Seyler's Zeitschrift für physiologische Chemie》1979,360(6):787-790
A new synthetic route to tyrosine-O-sulfate-containing peptides based on the direct use of N alpha-acyltyrosine-O-sulfate is described and exemplified by the synthesis of the [Thr28,Leu31]cholecystokinin-pankreozymin-(25-33)-nonapeptide. 相似文献
75.
76.
SplitsTree: analyzing and visualizing evolutionary data 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
MOTIVATION: Real evolutionary data often contain a number of different and
sometimes conflicting phylogenetic signals, and thus do not always clearly
support a unique tree. To address this problem, Bandelt and Dress (Adv.
Math., 92, 47-05, 1992) developed the method of split decomposition. For
ideal data, this method gives rise to a tree, whereas less ideal data are
represented by a tree-like network that may indicate evidence for different
and conflicting phylogenies. RESULTS: SplitsTree is an interactive program,
for analyzing and visualizing evolutionary data, that implements this
approach. It also supports a number of distances transformations, the
computation of parsimony splits, spectral analysis and bootstrapping.
相似文献
77.
78.
Martine Malissard Colette Duez Micheline Guinand Marie-Jeanne Vacheron Georges Michel Nicole Marty Bernard Joris Iris Thamm Jean-Marie Ghuysen 《FEMS microbiology letters》1993,110(1):101-106
Abstract To overcome problems associated with Western blotting of denatured proteins, we have used quantitative immunoelectrophoretic techniques to perform functional analysis of the Neisseria gonorrhoeae common antigen. Using these techniques, we show (a) that Neisseria gonorrhoeae expresses an antigen that is cross-reactive with the common antigen of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Legionella micdadei and with the GroEl-like protein of Chlamydia , and (b) that this N. gonorrhoeae common antigen has lectin-like activity and can be precipitated with three different sugars immobilized on agarose beads: α- d -glucosamine, maltose and fucose. 相似文献