重组腺病毒介导的人尿激酶原突变体在山羊乳汁中的表达

构建携带人尿激酶原突变体cDNA的重组腺病毒,通过该腺病毒介导实现外源基因在山羊乳腺中表达。通过大肠杆菌内同源重组将人尿激酶原突变体cDNA插入到腺病毒载体中,经过293细胞包装获得重组腺病毒,直接注射到泌乳山羊乳腺,收集感染后1~4天的乳汁,利用纤维蛋白溶圈试验、Western blot、ELISA检测乳清中尿激酶原突变体的表达。结果显示病毒注射后1~4天乳清中均可检测到尿激酶原的表达,其表达量可达0.41mg/ml。该方法可以实现重组蛋白在山羊乳腺的短期表达,可能是大规模生产临床医疗蛋白的一条经济有效的途径。     

美国生物质资源研究规划与举措分析及启示

发展生物质资源研究对于国家的可持续发展具有重要的战略意义。近年来,美国相继制订若干研究计划或发展路线图,并采取有效举措,持续推动生物质资源的研究、开发和利用。通过分析美国在生物质资源研究领域的重要举措,特别是分析其相关重要规划的具体内容,总结生物质资源研究面临的重要问题和研究热点,对发展我国生物质资源研究提出一些思考建议。     

嵌合内含子对抗bFGF抗体基因在293T细胞中表达的影响

目的：构建含嵌合内含子和抗bFGF抗体基因的真核表达载体并在293T细胞中表达,探讨嵌合内含子对抗体表达的影响。方法：设计引物分别从载体pCl-neo和pComb3-Fab25中扩增出内含子和抗体Fd段、κ链基因序列,按不同组合构建到含人免疫球蛋白IgG1恒定区Fc段基因的表达载体pIgG中。重组质粒经脂质体PEI转染293T细胞,荧光显微镜观察质粒转染情况,采用夹心ELISA和Western blot检测细胞上清中抗体的表达。结果：DNA测序和酶切分析表明,内含子和抗体基因成功插入pIgG,获得了重组质粒pIgG-Fd-κ、pIgG-Fd-intron-κ、pIgG-Fd-κ-intron和pIgG-Fd-intron-κ-intron。倒置荧光显微镜下可观察EGFP大量表达,Western blot分析上清中有抗体的表达,夹心ELISA检测pIgG-Fd-κ、pIgG-Fd-intron-κ、pIgG-Fd-κ-intron和pIgG-Fd-intron-κ-intron抗体表达量分别为1.21mg/L、0.468mg/L、7.39mg/L、0.601mg/L。结论：成功构建了含嵌合内含子和抗体基因的真核表达载体并在293T细胞中得到表达。嵌合内含子插入κ链基因5’端可提高抗体的表达,插入Fd段5’端则抑制抗体的表达。     

种间转移扩增筛选仙湖苏铁微卫星位点及其遗传多样性研究

运用刺叶苏铁、葫芦苏铁、海南苏铁的SSR引物,在仙湖苏铁中进行种间转移扩增,筛选得到7对引物能扩增出清晰的特异带,其中3对引物的扩增产物具有多态性.为验证微卫星的真实性,扩增产物切胶回收后克隆测序.结果表明：重复单元的数目变化是扩增片段长度多态性的主要来源.运用筛选出的3对 SSR标记对4个仙湖苏铁野生种群进行遗传结构研究,等位基因数从2~5,杂合度从0．000~0．667,期望杂合度为0．000~0．610.种群两两遗传分化系数从0~0．382.总体上仙湖苏铁遗传多样性水平低,而种群间遗传分化显著.STRUCTURE分析结果表明,4个野生种群可被分配到3个假想的遗传簇.BOTTLENECK 分析结果表明种群近期没有遭遇瓶颈效应.     

Ten-Year Mortality and Cardiovascular Morbidity in the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study—Secondary Analysis of the Randomized Trial

Background

The Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study (DPS) was a randomized controlled trial, which showed that it is possible to prevent type 2 diabetes by lifestyle changes. The aim of the present study was to examine whether the lifestyle intervention had an effect on the ten-year mortality and cardiovascular morbidity in the DPS participants originally randomized either into an intervention or control group. Furthermore, we compared these results with a population-based cohort comprising individuals of varying glucose tolerance states.

Methods and Findings

Middle-aged, overweight people with IGT (n = 522) were randomized into intensive intervention (including physical activity, weight reduction and dietary counseling), or control “mini-intervention” group. Median length of the intervention period was 4 years and the mean follow-up was 10.6 years. The population-based reference study cohort included 1881 individuals (1570 with normal glucose tolerance, 183 with IGT, 59 with screen-detected type 2 diabetes, 69 with previously known type 2 diabetes) with the mean follow-up of 13.8 years. Mortality and cardiovascular morbidity data were collected from the national Hospital Discharge Register and Causes of Death Register. Among the DPS participants who consented for register linkage (n = 505), total mortality (2.2 vs. 3.8 per 1000 person years, hazard ratio HR = 0.57, 95% CI 0.21–1.58) and cardiovascular morbidity (22.9 vs. 22.0 per 1000 person years, HR = 1.04, 95% CI 0.72–1.51) did not differ significantly between the intervention and control groups. Compared with the population-based cohort with impaired glucose tolerance, adjusted HRs were 0.21 (95% CI 0.09–0.52) and 0.39 (95% CI 0.20–0.79) for total mortality, and 0.89 (95% CI 0.62–1.27) and 0.87 (0.60–1.27) for cardiovascular morbidity in the intervention and control groups of the DPS, respectively. The risk of death in DPS combined cohort was markedly lower than in FINRISK IGT cohort (adjusted HR 0.30, 95% CI 0.17–0.54), but there was no significant difference in the risk of CVD (adjusted HR 0.88, 95% CI 0.64–1.21).

Conclusions

Lifestyle intervention among persons with IGT did not decrease cardiovascular morbidity during the first 10 years of follow-up. However, the statistical power may not be sufficient to detect small differences between the intervention and control groups. Low total mortality among participants of the DPS compared with individuals with IGT in the general population could be ascribed to a lower cardiovascular risk profile at baseline and regular follow-up.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov {"type":"clinical-trial","attrs":{"text":"NCT00518167","term_id":"NCT00518167"}}NCT00518167     

A fibrinogen-related protein from bay scallop Argopecten irradians involved in innate immunity as pattern recognition receptor

The family of fibrinogen-related proteins (FREPs) is a group of proteins with fibrinogen-like domains. Many members of this family play important roles as pattern recognition receptors in innate immune responses. The cDNA of bay scallop Argopecten irradians FREP (designated as AiFREP) was cloned by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) method based on the expressed sequence tag (EST). The full-length cDNA of AiFREP was of 990 bp. The open reading frame encoded a polypeptide of 251 amino acids, including a signal sequence and a 213 amino acids fibrinogen-like domain. The fibrinogen-like domain of AiFREP was highly similar to those of mammalian ficolins and other FREPs. The temporal expression of AiFREP mRNA in hemolymph was examined by fluorescent quantitative real-time PCR. The mRNA level of scallops challenged by Listonella anguillarum was significantly up-regulated, peaked to 9.39-fold at 9 h after stimulation, then dropped back to 4.37-fold at 12 h, while there was no significant change in the Micrococcus luteus challenged group in all periods of treatment. The function of AiFREP was investigated by recombination and expression of the cDNA fragment encoding its mature peptide in Escherichia coli Rosetta gami (DE3). The recombinant AiFREP (rAiFREP) agglutinated chicken erythrocytes and human A, B, O-type erythrocytes. The agglutinating activities were calcium-dependent and could be inhibited by acetyl group-containing carbohydrates. rAiFREP also agglutinated Gram-negative bacteria E. coli JM109, L. anguillarum and Gram-positive bacteria M. luteus in the presence of calcium ions. These results collectively suggested that AiFREP functions as a pattern recognition receptor in the immune response of bay scallop and contributed to nonself recognition in invertebrates, which would also provide clues for elucidating the evolution of the lectin pathway of the complement system.     

用序列比对设计的茎环结构探针检测金黄色葡萄球菌

基于金黄色葡萄球菌16S rRNA基因序列,采用序列比对设计了一种茎环结构的寡聚核苷酸探针。探针的环序列即为金黄色葡萄球菌16S rRNA基因序列的其中一个片段,同其他菌种的16S rRNA基因序列误配2个以上的核苷酸,因此能高度专一、灵敏的检测金黄色葡萄球菌16S rRNA。根据分子信标技术和酶联免疫分析的原理,评估一个实验方法,即利用能构象转换的、固定化的茎环结构探针酶联检测靶核酸。由于探针的特异性加强,这个检测系统能有效的排除假阳性即不会出现误配一个核苷酸的情况。采用微量浓度测定分析,最低下限可检测出大约4ng的金葡球菌16SrRNA。这种方法的灵敏度比其他常规检测方法高出了至少一个数量级。     

PM_(2.5)致炎症作用及其机制研究进展

大气细颗粒物(PM2.5)能够深入下呼吸道,直达肺泡,并且能透过肺呼吸道屏障,进入循环系统,随血流而到达全身各靶器官,对其组织细胞造成伤害。除诱发呼吸系统疾病外,PM2.5还能致心血管疾病、糖尿病、恶性肿瘤等多种疾病的发生和发展。PM2.5致局部组织或系统的急性或慢性炎症、炎症细胞的浸润、炎症因子的异常表达与释放等,被认为是致人体健康损伤的重要机制。在综述PM2.5与炎症细胞的相互作用、炎症因子的表达与释放等致炎症效应新成果的基础上,概述了近年来人们对于PM2.5致炎症作用机制的新认识。     

蛋白酶3及其与疾病的关系研究进展

蛋白酶3(proteinase 3,PR3)是中性粒细胞分泌的主要丝氨酸蛋白酶之一,其生物学功能广泛,不仅能降解多种组织蛋白,还可通过加工细胞因子、受体等调控炎症反应,与慢性炎症性疾病如血管炎性肉芽肿病、慢性阻塞性肺疾病、肺囊肿性纤维症的发生发展密切相关,可能作为疾病防治靶点.本文主要综述了PR3的生物学功能及其在疾病中的可能作用机制,期望为相关疾病的防治提供新的思路.     

ST 段抬高心肌梗死靶血管长病变急诊介入治疗的安全性及疗效分析

目的:探讨ST段抬高急性心肌梗死(ST-elevation myocardial infarction,STEMI)患者靶血管长病变(病变>25 mm)急诊经皮冠状动脉介入(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)治疗的临床疗效及安全性。方法:回顾性收集2009年1月-2010年6月因STEMI就诊于沈阳军区总医院并急诊行PCI处理的患者442例,以靶病变长度分为两组,即≤25 mm为短病变组(n=235)和>25mm为长病变组(n=207),均急诊行PCI治疗,分析和比较两组患者术前的基线资料、术中资料及并发症的发生情况、辅助措施(临时起搏、IABP、血栓抽吸装置)应用情况,术后30天、2年电话或临床随访,记录主要不良心血管事件(major adverse cardiac events,MACE)的发生情况。结果:与短病变组比较,长病变组吸烟者更多(81.6%vs 62.6%,P=0.000);以三支病变偏多(34.8%vs 24.7%,P=0.037);多枚支架使用率更高(1.47±0.63 vs 1.04±0.28,P=0.000),平均支架总长度显著增加(29.80±7.02 mm vs 22.95±5.58mm,P=0.000),手术成功率、术中并发症及辅助措施应用情况比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),30天及2年随访MACE的发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:与急诊PCI治疗的STEMI短病变患者对比,长病变患者虽然病变复杂,多枚支架使用率高,平均支架总长度增加,但术中并发症、30天、2年内MACE与短病变患者相当,提示在以药物洗脱支架为主的介入治疗时代,急诊PCI处理STEMI靶血管长病变具有良好的疗效及安全性。