新疆其木干剖面中新世-上新世沉积物粘土矿物特征及其古气候指示意义

为重建新疆其木干地区中新世-上新世古气候,采用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微分析方法,对该区中新世-上新世沉积物中粘土矿物的相对含量、组合类型及显微形貌等进行了研究。结果显示:中新世早期-早中新世中期,沉积物中粘土矿物以伊利石和绿泥石为主,含少量的蒙脱石,表明以干旱气候为特征;晚中新世中期-早中新世晚期,伊利石的相对含量逐渐降低,且含有少量的蒙脱石和高岭石,指示相对温湿的气候条件;中新世晚期的粘土矿物组分与中新世早期相似,以伊利石和绿泥石为主,指示古气候以干旱为主导;晚中新世晚期至上新世伊利石相对含量降低,而蒙脱石和高岭石的相对含量升高,但由于粘土矿物中伊利石、绿泥石的含量仍然较高,指示古气候仍然以干旱为主导,但相对于中新世而言,这段时期为相对湿润期。以上结果表明,新疆其木干地区中新世-上新世古气候以干旱为主,并且气候经历了干旱-相对湿润-干旱-相对湿润的演化过程,但总体而言,本区中新世比上新世要更为干旱。     

豚鹿血液细胞和血液化学指标测定

应用Sysmex F-820血球计数仪和Olympus AU400全自动生化分析仪,对成都动物园圈养的16只豚鹿的46个血液样本进行血液细胞及血液化学43项指标检测,并对成体、亚成体及幼体进行统计分析,建立了一个参考指标.这对豚鹿的疾病诊断和繁育研究具有重要的意义.     

西畴青冈——贵州壳斗科一新记录种

报道了贵州壳斗科植物一新记录种——西畴青冈,并进行了补充描述,同时对该种的生存现状进行评价。     

Genetic diversity and biogeography of the traditional Chinese medicine, Gardenia jasminoides, based on AFLP markers

Gardenia jasminoides Ellis is used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in China. Levels of genetic variation and patterns of population structure within and among eight wild or cultivated populations of G. jasminoides Ellis in China were investigated using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. Of the 11 primers screened, four produced highly reproducible AFLP bands. Using these primers, 244 discernible DNA fragments were generated with 165 bands (67.6%), were polymorphic, indicating considerable genetic variation at the species level. In contrast, there were relatively low levels of polymorphism at the population level with the percentage of polymorphic bands (PPB) ranging from 36.89% to 59.43%. Genetic diversity within populations ranged from 0.2086 to 0.3108, averaging 0.2392 at the species level. A high level of genetic differentiation among populations was detected based on Nei's genetic diversity analysis (76.59%), Shannon's index analysis (64.8%) and AMOVA analysis (72.75%). No significant statistical differences (analysis of molecular variance [AMOVA], p = 0.0639) in AFLP variation were found between regions. However, the variance among populations and within populations differed significantly (p < 0.001). An indirect estimate of historical levels of gene flow (N_m = 1.7448) was consistent with the high mean genetic identity (mean I = 0.9263) found among populations. There is an association between geographic and genetic distances between populations. Presently gene change exists between populations.     

Therapeutic potential of synchronized gastric electrical stimulation for gastroparesis: enhanced gastric motility in dogs

The aim of this study was to determine the effects and mechanism of synchronized gastric electrical stimulation (SGES) on gastric contractions and gastric emptying. The first experiment was designed to study the effects of SGES on antral contractions in four randomized sessions. Sessions 1 (control) and 2 (atropine) were performed in the fasting state, composed of three 30-min periods (baseline, stimulation, and recovery). Sessions 3 (control) and 4 (SGES performed during 2nd 20-min period) were performed in the fed state, consisting of two 20-min periods; glucagon was injected after the first 20-min recording. The second experiment was designed to study the effect of SGES on gastric emptying and consisted of two sessions (control and SGES). SGES was delivered with train duration of 0.5-0.8s, pulse frequency of 40 Hz, width of 2 ms, and amplitude of 4 mA. We found that 1) SGES induced gastric antral contractions in the fasting state. The motility index was 1.3 +/- 0.5 at baseline and 6.1 +/- 0.7 (P = 0.001) during SGES. This excitatory effect was completely blocked by atropine. 2) SGES enhanced postprandial antral contractions impaired by glucagon. 3) SGES significantly accelerated glucagon-induced delayed gastric emptying. Gastric emptying was 25.5 +/- 11.3% without SGES and 38.3 +/- 10.7% with SGES (P = 0.006 vs. control). This novel method of SGES induces gastric antral contractions in the fasting state, enhances glucagon-induced antral hypomotility in the fed state, and accelerates glucagon-induced delayed gastric emptying. The effect of SGES on antral contractions is mediated via the cholinergic pathway.     

中国首次发现恐象化石

记述了一件恐象类的下颌。经查证,该下颌产于甘肃临夏州东乡县班土村晚中新世柳树组底部的砂岩透镜体中。根据联合部斜向前下方和p3具下内尖等特征,该下颌被归入原恐象属Prodeinotherium。该下颌以p3相对于其他颊齿特别小、无真正下外脊而区别于该属已知各种。这是中国目前所知惟一一件恐象化石,故定名为中华原恐象P.sinense。恐象类在欧洲、南亚和非洲早一中中新世已广泛分布,至晚中新世已十分进步。中华原恐象一方面保留了某些早期恐象的性状,另一方面又具有一些自身特有的性状。这表明中华原恐象可能较早从恐象主干中分出,而后成为独立发展起来的一支。在中国或周边地区早-中中新世地层中应该还有恐象化石,等待我们去发现。     

施氮量和栽培模式对旱地冬小麦旗叶衰老及其活性氧代谢的影响

以冬小麦小偃22为试验材料,研究3种栽培模式(常规栽培、覆草栽培、地膜覆盖)和3种施氮水平(施纯氮0、120和240 kg/hm2)下旗叶衰老与活性氧代谢特性.结果表明,与常规栽培(CK)相比较,覆草栽培条件下叶绿素含量始终较高(P<0.05),叶片衰老速度缓慢,代谢强度旺盛,有利于籽粒灌浆和光合产物的积累,产量显著增加(P<0.05).在灌浆前期,地膜覆盖条件下叶片叶绿素含量增加(P<0.05),叶片保护性酶活性(POD、CAT)提高,膜脂过氧化程度低;但在灌浆后期,叶绿素含量急剧下降,叶片衰老速度加快,膜脂过氧化程度加剧,产量仍显著增加(P<0.05).施用氮肥在一定范围内可提高旗叶叶绿素含量和保护性酶活性(POD、CAT),降低膜脂过氧化程度;施氮量为120 kg/hm2时,冬小麦旗叶叶绿素含量最高,叶片衰老迟缓,代谢强度降低缓慢,膜脂过氧化程度低,有利于小麦后期生长和籽粒灌浆,在3种栽培模式下产量均最高.     

稻鸭共育生态效应及经济效益

稻鸭共育是一项无须使用除草剂和施用较少农药的低成本生态农业技术。通常,20d左右大的鸭子按225只.hm-2放入移栽不久的稻田。由于取食和活动,它们能够帮助控制田间杂草、虫害、甚至病害,并且对水稻生长发育、土壤理化性状、水体溶氧量和微生物等产生一定的影响。本文概述了稻鸭共育的生态效应和经济效益的研究进展,并指出应加强在精确施肥和水稻后期病虫害防治等方面的深入研究。     

一种适合AFLP分析的柑橘DNA提取方法

目的：通过对传统用于AFLP分析的DNA提取方法进行改善调和整得到一种效率较高,DNA损失较少适合于柑橘AFLP分析的DNA提取方法。方法：利用改善后的方法提取了13份参试柑橘材料（无病虫害的鲜叶）的DNA基因组,后用0．8％琼脂糖进行电泳检测,并进行了AFLP试验。结论：结果分别得到了清晰的DNA模板检测图和AFLP指纹图谱,表明该方法提取的DNA无降解且较纯,其质量完全满足AFLP技术的要求,并且在提取效率,减少DNA损失等方面体现出了优势。     

沼泽红假单胞菌中类胡萝卜素的提取与分析

目的:研究沼泽红假单胞菌中类胡萝卜素的提取工艺条件。方法:对细胞收集、前处理、色素初浸、二次萃取,皂化和溶剂回收等方面进行了系统的研究,并通过紫外分光光度法和高效液相色谱法对所提取的类胡萝卜素进行了分析。结果:实验结果表明,类胡萝卜素的最佳提取工艺条件为:碱性氯化钙絮凝法收集细胞,乙醇浸泡法进行前处理,49℃下丙酮初浸提浸提4h(搅拌并加抗氧化剂),丙酮用量为5mL/g菌泥,回收丙酮,乙醚二次萃取,30℃下皂化1.5h,洗涤,浓缩并回收乙醚,在此提取工艺条件下不仅能够有效地提取红螺菌中的类胡萝卜素,而且还能分离细菌叶绿素。结论在本实验条件下,根据标准曲线计算出类胡萝卜素的含量高达6.148mg/L菌泥。通过HPLC分析表明:类胡萝卜素提取液中主要成分至少有10种。