全文获取类型
收费全文 | 729篇 |
免费 | 14篇 |
国内免费 | 1篇 |
出版年
2017年 | 7篇 |
2015年 | 5篇 |
2014年 | 4篇 |
2013年 | 19篇 |
2012年 | 23篇 |
2011年 | 33篇 |
2010年 | 52篇 |
2009年 | 36篇 |
2008年 | 39篇 |
2007年 | 74篇 |
2006年 | 44篇 |
2005年 | 26篇 |
2004年 | 19篇 |
2003年 | 7篇 |
2002年 | 10篇 |
2001年 | 10篇 |
2000年 | 8篇 |
1999年 | 9篇 |
1998年 | 17篇 |
1997年 | 17篇 |
1996年 | 18篇 |
1995年 | 10篇 |
1994年 | 13篇 |
1993年 | 10篇 |
1992年 | 14篇 |
1991年 | 12篇 |
1990年 | 9篇 |
1989年 | 13篇 |
1988年 | 9篇 |
1987年 | 9篇 |
1986年 | 6篇 |
1985年 | 6篇 |
1984年 | 6篇 |
1982年 | 5篇 |
1981年 | 7篇 |
1980年 | 8篇 |
1979年 | 7篇 |
1977年 | 5篇 |
1976年 | 4篇 |
1975年 | 4篇 |
1974年 | 10篇 |
1973年 | 4篇 |
1972年 | 12篇 |
1971年 | 11篇 |
1957年 | 11篇 |
1956年 | 5篇 |
1954年 | 10篇 |
1953年 | 6篇 |
1952年 | 3篇 |
1949年 | 4篇 |
排序方式: 共有744条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
61.
Winter Forage Selection in White-Tailed Deer at High Density: Balsam Fir is the Best of a Bad Choice
Abstract: We assessed winter forage selection by white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) on Anticosti Island, Quebec, Canada, using cafeteria-feeding trials. Winter habitat on Anticosti is degraded and free-ranging deer at high densities consume 70% balsam fir (Abies balsamea) and 20% white spruce (Picea glauca), even though spruce is much more available than fir. Deer ate 89.9% balsam fir and 10.1% white spruce when the availability of both trees was equal. Deer did not eat shredded twigs more than intact twigs. Fiber content and condensed tannins were greater in white spruce than in balsam fir. Deer preference for fir was not based on texture but, more likely, on plant constituents, so we concluded that deer will nearly eliminate fir before they use any significant amount of white spruce. Management actions, therefore, need to be undertaken to enhance balsam fir regeneration. 相似文献
62.
JAMES L. BODKIN DANIEL H. MONSON GEORGE G. ESSLINGER 《The Journal of wildlife management》2007,71(6):2034-2044
Abstract: We describe a method to convert continuously collected time-depth data from archival time-depth recorders (TDRs) into activity budgets for a benthic-foraging marine mammal. We used data from 14 TDRs to estimate activity-specific time budgets in sea otters (Enhydra lutris) residing near Cross Sound, southeast Alaska, USA. From the TDRs we constructed a continuous record of behavior for each individual over 39-46 days during summer of 1999. Behaviors were classified as foraging (diving to the bottom), other diving (traveling, grooming, interacting), and nondiving (assumed resting). The overall average activity budget (proportion of 24-hr/d) was 0.37 foraging (8.9 hr/d), 0.11 in other diving (2.6 hr/d), and 0.52 nondiving time (12.5 hr/d). We detected significant differences in activity budgets among individuals and between groups within our sample. Historically, the sea otter population in our study area had been expanding and sequentially reoccupying vacant habitat since their reintroduction to the area in the 1960s, and our study animals resided in 2 adjacent yet distinct locations. Males (n = 5) and individuals residing in recently occupied habitat (n = 4) spent 0.28-0.30 of their time foraging (6.7-7.2 hr/d), 0.17-0.18 of their time in other diving behaviors (4.1-4.3 hr/d), and 0.53-0.54 of their time resting (12.7-13.0 hr/d). In contrast, females (n = 9) and individuals residing in longer occupied habitat (n = 10) spent 0.40 of their time foraging (9.6 hr/d), 0.08-0.09 of their time in other diving behaviors (1.9-2.2 hr/d), and 0.51-0.52 of their time resting (12.2-12.5 hr/d). Consistent with these differences, sea otters residing in more recently occupied habitat captured more and larger clams (Saxidomus spp., Protothaca spp., Macoma spp., Mya spp., Clinocardium spp.) and other prey, and intertidal clams were more abundant and larger in this area. We found that TDRs provided data useful for measuring activity time budgets and behavior patterns in a diving mammal over long and continuous time periods. Fortuitous contrasts in time budgets between areas where our study animals resided suggest that activity time budgets estimated from TDRs may be a sensitive indicator of population status, particularly in relation to prey availability. 相似文献
63.
Factors influencing Willow Tit Poecile montanus site occupancy: a comparison of abandoned and occupied woods 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
The British Willow Tit Poecile montanus kleinschmidti underwent a decline of 85% between 1970 and 2003. The cause of this decline is unknown. However, several hypotheses have been put forward to account for it: competition from other tit species, predation by Great Spotted Woodpeckers Dendrocopos major and habitat change. In order to test these, woods that are currently occupied by Willow Tits were paired with woods (within 50 km) that had been abandoned by Willow Tits five or more years previously. Point counts for other tit species (potential competitors) and woodpecker species (potential predators) were carried out at ten evenly spaced points throughout each wood. Habitat variables were collected within a 50-m radius of where a Willow Tit was located (in the occupied woods) or where maps showed a Willow Tit had been located (for abandoned woods). No evidence was found for differences in numbers of potential competitor or potential predator species in abandoned and occupied woods. Soil water content was found to be higher at occupied sites. No other habitat features differed between the two categories of site. The drying up of British woods could therefore be implicated in the Willow Tit decline and this warrants further investigation. 相似文献
64.
JARRETT E. BYRNES DANIEL C. REED BRADLEY J. CARDINALE KYLE C. CAVANAUGH SALLY J. HOLBROOK RUSSELL J. SCHMITT 《Global Change Biology》2011,17(8):2513-2524
Climate models predict a dramatic increase in the annual frequency and severity of extreme weather events during the next century. Here we show that increases in the annual frequency of severe storms lead to a decrease in the diversity and complexity of food webs of giant kelp forests, one of the most productive habitats on Earth. We demonstrate this by linking natural variation in storms with measured changes in kelp forest food web structure in the Santa Barbara Channel using structural equation modeling (SEM). We then match predictions from statistical models to results from a multiyear kelp removal experiment designed to simulate frequent large storms. Both SEM models and experiments agree: if large storms remain at their current annual frequency (roughly one major kelp‐removing storm every 3.5 years), periodic storms help maintain the complexity of kelp forest food webs. However, if large storms increase in annual frequency and begin to occur year after year, kelp forest food webs become less diverse and complex as species go locally extinct. The loss of complexity occurs primarily due to decreases in the diversity and complexity of higher trophic levels. Our findings demonstrate that shifts in climate‐driven disturbances that affect foundation species are likely to have impacts that cascade through entire ecosystems. 相似文献
65.
66.
ANTHONY M. ROSSI MELISSA MURRAY KELLY HUGHES MARTIN KOTOWSKI DANIEL C. MOON PETER STILING 《Ecological Entomology》2006,31(6):557-563
Abstract 1. Immature stages of the gall midge, Asphondylia borrichiae, are attacked by four species of parasitoids, which vary in size and relative abundance within patches of the gall midge’s primary host plant, sea oxeye daisy (Borrichia frutescens). 2. In the current study, a bagging experiment found that the smallest wasp, Galeopsomyia haemon, was most abundant in galls exposed to natural enemies early in the experiment, when gall diameter is smallest, while the wasp with the longest ovipositor, Torymus umbilicatus, dominated the parasitoid community in galls that were not exposed until the 5th and 6th weeks when gall diameter is maximal. 3. Moreover, the mean number of parasitoids captured using large artificial galls were 70% and 150% higher compared with medium and small galls respectively, while stem height of artificial galls significantly affected parasitoid distribution. Galls that were level with the top of the sea oxeye canopy captured 60% more parasitoids compared with those below the canopy and 50% more than galls higher than the plant canopy. 4. These non‐random patterns were driven primarily by the differential distribution of the largest parasitoid, T. umbilicatus, which was found significantly more often than expected on large galls and the smallest parasitoid of the guild, G. haemon, which tended to be more common on stems level with the top of the plant canopy. 5. Large Asphondylia galls, especially those located near the top of the Borrichia canopy, were more likely to be discovered by searching parasitoids. Results using artificial galls were consistent with rates of parasitism of Asphondylia galls in native patches of sea oxeye daisy. Gall diameter was 19% greater and the rate of parasitism was reduced by almost 50% on short stems; as a result, gall abundance was 24% higher on short stems compared with ones located near the top of the plant canopy. 6. These results suggest that parasitoid community composition within galls is regulated by both interspecific differences in ovipositor length and preferences for specific gall size and/or stem length classes. 相似文献
67.
68.
DANIEL G. MULCAHY 《Biological journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》2007,92(3):483-500
The Leptodeirini has been presumed to be a monophyletic assemblage based on albumin immunological data and morphology and consisted of neotropical cat-eyed snakes ( Leptodeira ), blunt-headed vine snakes ( Imantodes ), nightsnakes ( Eridiphas , Hypsiglena , and Pseudoleptodeira ), and the cloud forest snake ( Cryophis ). In the present study, approximately 1.4 kb of mitochondrial DNA sequence data (from cob and nad4 ) were collected to test the monophyly of the Leptodeirini. These data were analysed using maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian methods. None of the results supported the monophyly of the Leptodeirini. There was strong support for a clade containing Imantodes and Leptodeira , and another clade containing the nightsnakes, with the latter placed closer to Cryophis and other dipsadine genera ( Sibon , Dipsas , and Atractus ). This partial reassessment of the Dipsadinae infers the group to have an ancestral condition of being rear-fanged, mildly venomous, and feeding on ectothermal vertebrates, with a more derived radiation that has lost the rear-fanged, venomous condition and has a diet specialized on invertebrates. A brief discussion on the biogeography of the dipsadines shows the group to be much older (Palaeocene), consistent with earlier views, as opposed to a more recent (Miocene) hypothesis, as has been recently suggested. © 2007 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society , 2007, 92 , 483–500. 相似文献
69.
Accelerating Possession: Global Future of Property and Personhood . Bill Maurer and Gabrielle Schwab, eds. New York: Columbia University Press, 2006. 275 pp. 相似文献
70.