短葶飞蓬云南三个种群的核型与等位酶分析

通过核型和等位酶分析,对短葶飞蓬（Erigeron breviscapus)种群遗传结构进行了较全面的研究。研究材料来自丽江,昆明,邱北,核型分析表明,这3个种群都为二倍体种群（2n=2x=18),以丽江种群为例,短葶飞蓬核型为2n=2x=18=6m 10sm(2SAT) 2st,10种酶的等位酶分析表明,短葶飞蓬的遗传变异存在于种群内,种群间遗传一致度高（I=0.9172),遗传距离小（D=0.0876),遗传距离与空间距离大致成正相关。     

休闲期深翻时间对旱地麦田土壤水分特性和小麦产量的影响

通过3个年度田间试验,研究了休闲期深翻时间对小麦播前0～200 cm土壤蓄水、生育期耗水及生长发育的影响.结果表明: 休闲期蓄水量受深翻时间、休闲期降雨量和降雨分布的影响.随休闲期深翻时间的推迟,0～200 cm土壤蓄水量先升高后降低,8月上中旬深翻蓄水效果好,较7月中旬深翻多蓄水23.9～45.8 mm;休闲期降雨多或集中在8—9月有利于增加土壤蓄水.休闲期适时深翻可增加土壤蓄水量,促进小麦对氮、磷的吸收,增加冬前茎数和成穗数,8月中上旬深翻较7月中旬深翻增产3.7%～18.2%.产量与休闲期0～200 cm土壤蓄水量、生育期各层土壤耗水量呈正相关,且受春季小麦生育关键期降雨影响较大,降雨多时相关性低,否则相关性高.深翻时间对生育期60～140 cm土层耗水量影响较大.当前耕作条件下,山西南部丘陵旱地在立秋(8月6日)前发挥留高茬和麦秸覆盖的保墒作用,立秋后至处暑(8月21日)期间深翻可提高土壤渗水特性,纳秋雨多蓄水,增加小麦冬前茎数和成穗数,使产量增加.     

Dynamic quantitative proteomics characterization of TNF-α-induced necroptosis

Emerging evidence suggested that necroptosis has essential functions in many human inflammatory diseases, but the molecular mechanisms of necroptosis remain unclear. Here, we employed SILAC quantitatively dynamic proteomics to compare the protein changes during TNF-α-induced necroptosis at different time points in murine fibrosarcoma L929 cells with caspase-8 deficiency, and then performed the systematical analysis on the signaling networks involved in the progress using bioinformatics methods. Our results showed that a total of 329, 421 and 378 differentially expressed proteins were detected at three stages of necroptosis, respectively. Gene ontology and ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) revealed that the proteins regulated at early stages of necroptosis (2, 6 h) were mainly involved in mitochondria dysfunction, oxidative phosphorylation and Nrf-2 signaling, while the expression levels of the proteins related to ubiquitin, Nrf-2, and NF-κB pathways were found to have changes at last stages of necroptosis (6, 18 h). Taken together, we demonstrated for the first time that dysfunction of mitochondria and ubiquitin–proteasome signaling contributed to the initiation and execution of necroptosis. These findings may provide clues for the identification of important regulators in necroptosis and the development of novel therapeutic strategies for the related diseases.     

A prourokinase-RGDS chimera——Construction, expression and characterization

A tetrapeptide, RGDS, was inserted into proUK kringle domain G118-L119 by the construction of a mutant proUK-RGDS gene. The gene was expressed in the baculovirus expression system. Immunoaffinity chromatography was used to purify the chimera and protein with purity over 90% was achieved. The chimera was tested for its platelet membrane binding function and showed a calcium-dependent platelet binding activity. Amidolytic activity of the chimera was tested. The result indicated that specific amidolytic activity of plasmin activated chimera was 62000 IU/mg, comparable to the previously reported 65 355 IU/mg of plasmin activated natural proUK. Activation of plasminogen by the chimera after plasmin treatment followed Micbieal-Menten kinetics, and the Km was 0.97 μmol/L, which was also comparable to 1.64 μmol/L of native urokinase. The chimera also showed intensive ability to inhibit platelet aggregation in vitro. These results indicate that this chimera might be useful as a bifunctional thrombolytic agent.     

玉米蛋白粉替代鱼粉对大黄鱼生长、血清生化指标及肝脏组织学的影响

为探讨玉米蛋白粉替代鱼粉对大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea) 幼鱼生长、血清生化指标及肝脏组织形态的影响, 进行了为期56d的养殖试验, 探索玉米蛋白粉替代大黄鱼幼鱼饲料鱼粉的适当比例。以初始体重为(10.49±0.03) g的大黄鱼幼鱼为研究对象, 用玉米蛋白粉替代基础饲料(含40%鱼粉)0、15%、30%、45%、60%和75%的鱼粉来配制6种等氮(粗蛋白含量45%)等脂(粗脂肪含量10%)的实验饲料, 分别标记为C0、C15、C30、C45、C60、C75组。除C0以外的替代组分别添加了适量的晶体氨基酸(赖氨酸和蛋氨酸)。结果表明, 玉米蛋白粉替代水平对大黄鱼幼鱼存活率、试验鱼特定生长率、饲料系数均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。C45和C60组肌肉粗蛋白含量显著高于C0组(P<0.05), 肌肉粗脂肪含量C45组显著高于C0、C15和C75组 (P<0.05), C45、C60和C75组肌肉水分显著低于C0组(P<0.05), 全鱼粗蛋白、粗脂肪、水分含量无显著差异(P>0.05); 灰分含量有上升趋势, C75组显著高于其他组(P<0.05)。各替代组的血清白蛋白、白球比、谷草转氨酶、葡萄糖均无显著性差异(P>0.05); 随着替代比例的升高, 总胆固醇有降低的趋势, 除C15组与C0无显著性差异外(P>0.05), 4组均显著低于CO组(P<0.05); 实验探讨替代后对鱼的影响, C75组血清总蛋白和球蛋白含量显著低于C0组(P<0.05); C75组血清谷草转氨酶含量显著高于C0(P<0.05)。各处理组总抗氧化能力、过氧化氢酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化氢酶均没有显著性影响(P>0.05), 但替代组总抗氧化能力含量均高于C0; 丙二醛在C75组显著高于C0组(P<0.05)。通过肝组织学观察表明, 当替代比例高于45%时, 呈现肝细胞核偏位、胞浆内脂肪滴较多、细胞透明空泡化等症状。综上所述, 在实验条件下, 研究认为玉米蛋白粉替代鱼粉对大黄鱼幼鱼的适宜添加量为45%。     

Methylglyoxal as a novel signal molecule induces the salt tolerance of wheat by regulating the glyoxalase system,the antioxidant system,and osmolytes

Reactive carbonyl species methylglyoxal (MG) has always been regarded as a cytotoxic metabolite, but now is emerging to function as signal molecule in plants. However, whether MG can induce salt tolerance is elusive. In this study, treatment of wheat seeds with NaCl reduced seed germination, plant height, root length, fresh weight, and dry weight, indicating the inhibitive effects of NaCl on seed germination and seedling growth. The inhibitive effects of NaCl were alleviated by applying exogenous MG, but aggravated by the MG scavenger N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), suggesting that MG could induce the salt tolerance of wheat. In addition, MG increased glyoxalase I and glyoxalase II activities and decreased endogenous MG content in wheat seedlings under NaCl stress, whereas coapplication of NAC weakened glyoxalase activity and enhanced the endogenous MG level. Also, MG activated superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and glutathione reductase activities; increased glutathione and ascorbic acid levels; and decreased superoxide radical production and H₂O₂ and malondialdehyde contents under NaCl stress, while NAC reversed these physiological parameters. Furthermore, MG also induced the accumulation of proline, glycine betaine, and soluble sugar under NaCl stress, whereas this accumulation was weakened by NAC. This work reported for the first time that MG could induce the salt tolerance of wheat, and the acquisition of this salt tolerance was involved in the activation of the glyoxalase system and antioxidant system, as well as the accumulation of osmolytes.     

北京地区黄檗分布与环境因子的关系

黄檗（Phellodendron amurense Rupr.）为我国二级重点保护野生植物,在北京地区黄檗多散生于阔叶林中,数量稀少。为了解北京地区黄檗分布与环境因子的关系,促进种群扩繁,在北京百花山、松山和雾灵山自然保护区共设置了12个20 m×20 m的样地,利用CCA分析方法对不同地点黄檗的生长分布状况与海拔、坡度、坡向、郁闭度、土壤pH值、碱解氮和土壤有机质等11个环境因子的关系进行了分析。结果显示,CCA排序第一轴主要反映了海拔、郁闭度和坡度的变化,第二轴主要反映了有机质含量、碱解氮含量、pH值和坡向的变化,其中海拔、碱解氮和土壤有机质是影响黄檗生长分布的重要环境因子,低海拔、低碱解氮含量以及土壤有机质高的地段适宜黄檗分布。对影响黄檗分布的环境因子进行定量分离,结果发现环境因子对黄檗样地物种分布的解释能力为84.5%,显示出较好的排序效果,黄檗分布点受人为干扰较少,其所在植物群落与环境保持了良好的对应关系;环境因子与物种分布呈显著相关（P=0.03）,表明CCA排序结果可以解释环境因子对物种分布的影响程度。     

不同林地恢复模式下露天煤矿排土场土壤有机碳分布特征

研究露天煤矿排土场6种不同林地植被恢复模式和撂荒地0～100 cm土层土壤有机碳(SOC)含量和储量的分布特征,分析其差异性及其影响因素.结果表明：不同林地0～10 cm土层SOC含量比撂荒地(1.92 g·kg^-1)显著提高23.8%～53.2%,10～20 cm土层比撂荒地(1.39 g·kg^-1)显著提高5.8%～70.4%,20 cm土层以下与撂荒地相比差异不大;各土层SOC含量随土层深度增加而逐渐减小,表层(0～20 cm)减小幅度大于深层(20～100 cm).不同林地SOC储量在表层明显高于深层,随土层深度增加而逐渐减小.0～100 cm土层林地SOC储量比撂荒地(17.52 t·hm^-2)提高18.1%～42.4%,其中,紫穗槐林地SOC储量最高,达24.95 t·hm^-2,明显高于其他林地类型,灌木林地SOC储量比乔木高12.4%.林地凋落物、细根生物量和土壤水分都与排土场SOC呈显著正相关.综上所述,不同人工林地恢复模式显著提高了排土场0～100 cm土层SOC,尤其对表层SOC提高效果明显,但排土场SOC与原地貌相比差距仍较大.从提高排土场SOC角度优先推荐紫穗槐为主要林地植被.     

拟黑多刺蚁成虫头部USP基因的定位与定量分析及其与EcR基因相关性

【目的】超气门蛋白（ultraspiracle protein, USP）是蜕皮激素作用靶标的重要组成部分。本研究拟通过分析在拟黑多刺蚁Polyrhachis vicina Roger USP基因PvUSP在不同品级成虫头部mRNA表达的差异,推测PvUSP对其脑神经功能或行为的影响;拟通过饲喂PvUSP dsRNA对拟黑多刺蚁不同品级成虫PvUSP进行RNA干扰（RNAi）,推测PvUSP对虫体生理功能的影响及其与蜕皮激素受体（ecdysone receptor, EcR）基因PvEcR之间功能的相关性。【方法】利用荧光原位杂交及荧光实时定量PCR技术对拟黑多刺蚁不同品级成虫头部PvUSP mRNA组织分布与表达水平进行检测;通过饲喂PvUSP dsRNA对拟黑多刺蚁不同品级成虫PvUSP进行RNAi,采用荧光实时定量PCR检测拟黑多刺蚁PvUSP与PvEcR表达水平的变化。【结果】PvUSP mRNA广泛表达于拟黑多刺蚁不同品级成虫头部（主要分布于蕈形体）,不同品级成虫头部PvUSP mRNA的表达量不同,工蚁头部表达量最高,雄蚁头部次之,雌蚁头部的表达量最低;RNAi沉默PvUSP后,与对照组相比,PvUSP mRNA在不同品级拟黑多刺蚁成虫体内表达量均明显降低,并存在显著差异(P<0.01);与对照组相比,PvEcR mRNA在各品级表达量均有增加,工蚁和雄蚁表达量变化不显著（P>0.05）,但雌蚁体内PvEcR mRNA表达量显著增加（P<0.05）。【结论】PvUSP基因对拟黑多刺蚁不同品级头部神经系统的构建、功能作用的发挥有关;拟黑多刺蚁PvUSP基因与PvEcR基因可能在异源二聚体形成过程中存在关联性或功能的互补性;PvUSP可能对雌蚁的生殖功能产生重要影响。     

宁夏回、汉族皮纹学研究(Ⅱ)——掌纹

采用随机整体抽样方法分析了宁夏回、汉族掌纹样本共计614份,回族262人(男性129人,女性133人),汉族352人(男性206人,女性146人).结果表明:1)宁夏回族tPD值显著高于汉族(P<0.01),两民族tPD与atd均呈高度相关;2)两民族间手大、小鱼际出现率均无显著差异,但左手出现率显著高于右手(P<0.01);3)宁夏回族左手掌主线指数显著高于汉族(P<0.01),两民族均表现C线发育不良的出现率显著低于C线缺失的出现频率;4)宁夏回、汉族五种掌褶纹类型的出现率在两民族间均未出现统计学差异;5)不同地区回族大鱼际出现率差异显著.