过量表达辣椒CaNPR1提高烟草对青枯菌的抗性

对水稻和拟南芥等模式植物的研究表明,NPR1(nonexpressor of pathogenesis-related genes 1)是依赖于SA通路的防御反应调节基因,但在辣椒和烟草等茄科作物中该蛋白的功能还鲜有报道。研究从辣椒cDNA文库中分离获得一个NPR1的类似物全长cDNA(CaNPR1),并获得了其超表达的转基因烟草T₁代株系。研究结果表明,这些株系与其野生型植株没有明显表型差异,但却表现出较野生型植株更高的抗青枯菌侵染活性。同时,研究还发现CaNPR1的超表达还显著提高了防御相关基因的表达,表明NPR1在不同植物间具有较强的功能保守性。     

The SEPS1 G-105A Polymorphism Is Associated with Risk of Spontaneous Preterm Birth in a Chinese Population

Inflammation plays an important role in the etiology and pathophysiology of spontaneous preterm birth (SPTB), and selenoprotein S (SEPS1) is involved in regulating the inflammatory response. Recently the G-105A promoter polymorphism in SEPS1 was shown to increase pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. We examined whether this functional polymorphism was related to the risk of SPTB in a Chinese population. We also examined the impact of premature rupture of membranes (PROM) on susceptibility to SPTB. The SEPS1 G-105A polymorphism was genotyped in 569 preterm singleton neonates and 673 term neonates by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis. χ ² tests and logistic regression analyses were used to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). We observed that, compared with the GG genotype, –105A positive genotypes (GA + AA genotypes) were associated with significantly increased susceptibility to SPTB (adjusted OR, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.36–2.57; P<0.001). The –105A positive genotypes were also significantly associated with increased susceptibility to SPTB, both in the patients with PROM (adjusted OR, 2.65; 95% CI, 1.73–4.03; P<0.001) and in those without PROM (adjusted OR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.09–2.24; P = 0.015). The –105A positive genotypes were also significantly associated with increased susceptibility to SPTB between extremely preterm neonates and controls (adjusted OR, 4.46; 95% CI, 1.86–10.73; P = 0.002) and between moderately preterm neonates and controls (adjusted OR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.25–2.47; P = 0.001). Our findings suggest that the SEPS1 G-105A polymorphism contributes to the risk of developing SPTB in a Chinese population.     

指长波动性不对称与男性不育的相关性

本文研究了宁夏汉族男性不育患者指长波动性不对称(FA)与不育的相关性。分析了宁夏汉族男性不育患者308例(原发组196例, 继发组112例)各指指长FA(2FA、3FA、4FA、5FA)及复合FA(CFA)的均值及其均值的差异性; 比较了指长FA与a+b级精子比率间的关系。结果表明: 1)原发组各指指长FA均值均高于继发组, 且2FA(P<0.01)、4FA(P<0.05)和CFA(P<0.05)有显著性差异; 2)原发组a+b级精子比率显著低于继发组(P<0.05); 3)原发组2FA分布在|L-R|≥0.04组显著增高(P<0.05), 2FA与a+b级精子比率呈高度负相关(P<0.001)。     

A Note on a Sclero microphyllous Evengreen Broad leaved Forest Association Olea ferruginea,Pistacia weinmannifoliain Lancang (Upper Mekong) River

An unique sclero microphyllous evergreen broad leaved community in the valley of Lancang (upper Mekong) River was recorded using the methodology of Braun Blanquet’s relevé. The plant community was nominated by Association Olea ferruginea, Pistacia weinmannifolia. It was mainly happened at altitude 1300m to 1900m above sea level along the river banks. Its physiognomy, life/growth form, and floristic components were summarized, depending field collected releves. The results indicated community structure was relatively simple, with average species number of 18; Phanerophytes were the most common life form, and growth form was dominated by herbs; There were 116 vascular species, 39 families, and 84 genera in 15 relevés; Its flora had a tropical characteristics at family and genus level. This association was supposed to be a relic vegetation of paleomediterrean subtropical vegetation which is characterized by small and scelrophyllous leaves. With growing human impact of dams construction, this plant community type which remains and evolves in a narrow valley were worth of protection and further research.     

浙江天童常绿植物当年生与往年生叶片性状的变异与关联

植物叶片性状随叶龄的变化是植物生活史策略的体现, 反映了植物叶片的物质投资和分配方式。该研究通过在个体和物种2个水平, 比较浙江天童1 hm ²样地内常绿阔叶树种的平均叶面积(MLA)、比叶面积(SLA)和叶片干物质含量(LDMC)在当年生和往年生叶片间的差异和关联, 探究叶片物质分配策略在异龄叶间的变化, 并分析叶龄对植物叶片性状, 特别是叶片面积建成消耗的影响。结果显示: 1)在个体和物种水平上, MLA变异系数最大(个体: 79.5%; 物种: 66.5%), SLA次之(个体: 28.1%; 物种: 24.7%), LDMC较低(个体: 17.0%, 物种: 14.1%); 当年生叶片MLA、LDMC和SLA的变异系数均高于往年生叶片; 2)往年生叶MLA显著大于当年生叶(t = -38.53, p < 0.001), 往年生叶SLA显著小于当年生叶(t = 45.30, p < 0.001), 往年生叶LDMC显著大于当年生叶(t = -9.71, p < 0.001); 3)在个体水平, 当年生叶片MLA、SLA和LDMC值分别解释了往年生叶片MLA、SLA和LDMC变异的86%、48%和41%; 在物种水平, 当年生叶片MLA、SLA和LDMC值分别解释了往年生叶片MLA、SLA和LDMC变异的97%、83%和85%; 4) SLA在异龄叶间的变化表明, 与往年生叶片相比, 投资相同干物质, 当年生叶片可形成较大的叶面积, 其叶片面积建成消耗较小。研究认为, 植物叶性状在异龄叶间具有较大的变异性和关联性, 叶面积形成过程中生物量建成与消耗的协调可能影响植物叶片的发育。     

浙江天童常绿阔叶林演替阶段共有种的树木构型

树木构型是木本植物为响应光照变化在其空间建造结构上的配置模式和形态体现。研究演替不同阶段共有种构型的变化可以剔除植物谱系的影响, 反映植物构型特征与光资源供给性的关系。该研究在浙江宁波天童、南山和北仑3个次生演替序列上选择了5个演替共有种, 分4个群落高度层级, 对照分析了树高、冠幅深度和面积、枝条伸展方向、基径、叶片盖度和聚集度构型性状随演替的变化, 并分析了与冠幅曝光指数的线性关系。结果表明: 1)随着演替进行, 冠幅厚度和面积、叶片盖度、叶片聚集度和基径逐步增加, 但在个别相邻演替阶段增加不显著; 2)随着演替进行, 植物的垂直枝比例降低, 水平枝比例增加; 3)演替过程中植物冠幅曝光指数在各层级内都呈现出减小趋势; 4)构型性状和植物冠幅曝光指数间存在显著的线性回归关系(p < 0.001)。总之, 随着常绿阔叶林演替进行, 演替共有种构型的变化反映了物种功能类群由阳性先锋植物向耐阴植物的转化, 其中, 植物对光资源的适应是导致构型变化的主要原因。     

小菜蛾对苦皮藤素抗性选育及交互抗性测定

敏感小菜蛾Plutella xylostella (L.)经苦皮藤素20代的抗性选育,其抗性增长21.57倍。选育的小菜蛾抗性品系对杀虫双、杀螟丹和叶蝉散分别有4.63、4.11和3.71倍的交互抗性;对溴氰菊酯、氯菊酯、氯氰菊酯分别有0.22、0.01和0.26倍的负交互抗性。高抗杀螟丹、杀虫双小菜蛾品系对苦皮藤素无明显交互抗性,而高抗溴氰菊酯小菜蛾品系对苦皮藤素有3.61倍的交互抗性。     

长期施肥对NO3--N深层积累和土壤剖面中水分分布的影响

研究了旱地农业系统中,长期不同施肥条件下,降水对NO₃^--N积累、剖面水分分布以及N素吸收量、回收率影响及其相互之间的关系.结果表明,降水和氮肥施用量显著影响作物产量.施用氮肥在土壤剖面中造成NO₃^--N深层积累,其中NPM处理累积层位于60～120cm,累积量相当于3.0年的年度施肥量(120kg·hm^-2),NP处理累积层位于80～140cm,相当于1.4年施肥量.随着降水的年际间波动,无论在丰水年、平水年还是干旱年,NPM处理耗水量>NP处理>M处理>P,CK处理.13年不同施肥造成了土壤剖面水分差异.冬小麦播种前不同施肥处理0～100cm水分剖面分布差别不大.NPM处理、NP处理(除丰水年外),土壤100～300cm含水量迅速降低,干旱年M处理缓慢降低,P和CK处理在任何年份变化都不大.氮肥回收率随着降水的波动也呈现相应的高低变化,NPM、NP处理的高低波动幅度最大.NPM、NP处理NO₃^--N累积与N素回收率的降低、土壤水分亏缺基本吻合.由此也反映了水分作物施肥三者之间存在的内在制约关系.     

多花菜豆和蚕豆花的冗余与适应

采用人工干扰方法,探讨多花菜豆和蚕豆花的冗余及其对不可测干扰的适应。结果表明,多花菜豆和蚕豆的花序、花的时间冗余和花的数量冗余,保证了总有一部分花序和花能避开外界因子的干扰而结荚。多花菜豆受干扰与未受干扰(对照)植株的花有效率均为2．2％;而受干扰植株的花序有效率为29．0％,比对照(15．9％)增加近1倍。对蚕豆连续摘除开放的花朵和连续摘除嫩荚这两种处理与对照的单株平均结荚数十分接近。分别为3．2、3．1和3．1。多花菜豆花序上部的花和蚕豆花序中较小的花常常凋落不结实,表现出花的自疏现象,所谓的无效花,但当分别只保留上部花和小花时,它们即可成为结荚的有效花。另外,研究表明,即使给多花菜豆和蚕豆提供充足的养分,每个花序的平均结荚数并无明显增加,说明养分不是产生大量无效花的主要原因。多花菜豆和蚕豆所开的大量花是一种备用。不是多余的或可有可无的,是对付外界随机干扰的一种适应;其花序和花的时间冗余以及花的数量冗余在个体繁殖和物种延续中起着关键性作用。