沙漠腹地天然绿洲胡杨和柽柳叶片δ13C值对不同地下水埋深的响应

干旱区植物的水分利用效率对植物的分布及水分利用状况具有重要意义。基于不同地下水埋深条件下沙漠腹地绿洲优势种胡杨和柽柳叶片δ¹³C值,分析了胡杨和柽柳的水分利用效率对不同地下水埋深的响应。结果表明: 随着地下水埋深由2.1 m增加到4.3 m,柽柳叶片的δ¹³C值先略有增加后处于较为稳定状态,柽柳采取较为稳定的水分利用效率适应干旱环境;胡杨叶片的δ¹³C值呈现先略有减小后增加的趋势,胡杨通过提高水分利用效率的策略适应干旱胁迫。同一地下水埋深条件下柽柳叶片的δ¹³C值高于胡杨叶片,表明柽柳的水分利用效率高于胡杨。     

丛枝菌根真菌促进南美蟛蜞菊生长及对难溶磷的吸收

为了解2种丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)摩西管柄囊霉(Funneliformis mosseae, FM)和地表球囊霉(Glomus versiforme, GV)对入侵植物南美蟛蜞菊(Wedelia trilobata)的生长和对难溶性磷酸盐利用的影响,采用沙培盆栽方式,研究了南美蟛蜞菊在接种AMF与添加难溶性磷酸盐的生长和磷含量的变化。结果表明,在磷限制环境下FM对南美蟛蜞菊的侵染率达55%～69%,GV的侵染率达到63%～80%。添加难溶性磷酸盐后,2种AMF均促进了南美蟛蜞菊茎的伸长(FM:+46%; GV:+65%)、总生物量的增加(FM:+27.2%; GV:+40%)和磷含量的增加(FM:+36.6%; GV:+40.7%)。对比FM,GV对植物利用难溶性磷有更显著的促进作用。因此,南美蟛蜞菊与2种AMF形成的共生体系可以促进植物生长和对营养资源的利用,提高对难溶性磷的吸收效率可能使得南美蟛蜞菊在营养贫乏的环境中更好地建立种群。     

中医药的抗炎机制在治疗肝纤维化中的作用

肝脏是人体腹腔内最大的实体器官,对维持机体的基本生理功能起着至关重要的作用。肝脏疾病是威胁人类健康的常见病多发病。全球约有10%人口受到不同程度的肝脏疾病的危害,其中,肝纤维化往往成为这些疾病的晚期病理特征。由于肝纤维化的发病机制复杂,尚无有效的合成类药物能够治疗肝纤维化。中药治疗肝纤维化具有多靶点和副作用小的优势。本文综述了肝纤维化的病理特征与诱发炎症的关系,讨论了中药治疗肝纤维化的单味中药、传统配方及其化学活性成分的抗炎症机制。     

中亚热带典型人工林土壤酶活性及其化学计量特征

以中亚热带典型的马尾松林、湿地松林和马尾松-木荷混交林(针阔混交林)为研究对象,分析不同林分类型下0～10和10～20 cm土层的β-D-葡萄糖苷酶(BG)、β-N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAG)、亮氨酸氨基肽酶(LAP)、酸性磷酸酶(AP)、多酚氧化酶(POX)、过氧化物酶(POD)6种土壤酶活性,以及酶化学计量比及土壤理化性质特征,分析驱动中亚热带典型林分类型土壤酶活性及其计量比变异的主要因素。结果表明: 林分类型显著影响了土壤BG和LAP活性,表现为湿地松林10～20 cm土层土壤BG显著高于马尾松林,而LAP在马尾松林最高;湿地松林10～20 cm土层土壤BG/(NAG+LAP)、BG/AP显著高于马尾松林,而马尾松林(NAG+LAP)/AP显著高于湿地松林和针阔混交林;林分类型间酶化学计量的向量长度在10～20 cm土层差异显著,表现为湿地松林>针阔混交林>马尾松林。3种人工林酶化学计量的向量角度均大于45°,其中在湿地松林10～20 cm土层向量角度显著大于马尾松林。冗余分析表明,土壤碳质量指数和有机碳与全磷的比值(C/P)以及土壤含水量和C/P分别是0～10和10～20 cm土层土壤酶活性及其化学计量的关键影响因素,土壤碳和磷的数量和质量,以及土壤含水量在调节中亚热带人工林生态系统养分循环中发挥关键作用。     

肠道菌群与呼吸道感染患者免疫球蛋白的关系及其肠内营养的疗效

目的分析肠道菌群紊乱对呼吸道感染患者免疫球蛋白水平的影响,探讨肠内营养对此类患者的疗效。方法选取2016年2月至2018年12月在我院接受治疗的116例呼吸道感染患者作为观察组,进一步将其分为非菌群失调组(50例)和菌群失调组(66例),选取同期60例健康体检者作为对照组,比较各组对象肠道菌群失调情况和血清免疫球蛋白水平,同时对菌群失调患者在常规治疗基础上联合应用肠内营养治疗,观察其治疗效果。结果 (1)观察组患者肠道乳杆菌、双歧杆菌数量及双歧杆菌/大肠埃希菌比值(B/E)显著低于对照组,而肠球菌、大肠埃希菌数量显著高于对照组(均P0.05);观察组患者血清IgM、IgA、IgG水平均显著低于对照组(均P0.05);菌群失调组患者血清IgM、IgA、IgG水平均显著低于非菌群失调组(均P0.05)。(2)观察组患者肠道乳杆菌、双歧杆菌数量及B/E值与血清IgM、IgA、IgG水平呈显著正相关(均P0.05),而大肠埃希菌和肠球菌数量与之呈显著负相关(均P0.05)。(3)菌群失调组患者血清ALB、PA水平随治疗时间的延长而逐渐升高,CRP、PCT水平逐渐降低,IgM、IgA、IgG水平逐渐升高,乳杆菌、双歧杆菌数量和B/E值逐渐增加,大肠埃希菌和肠球菌数量逐渐减少(均P0.05)。结论呼吸道感染患者存在明显的肠道菌群失调情况,其与患者免疫球蛋白水平的降低有关,这可能是引发呼吸道感染的主要危险因素。肠内营养支持疗法能有效改善患者肠道菌群失调,降低血清炎性因子水平,增强机体免疫力,提高患者营养状况及治疗效果。     

老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者和坠积性肺炎患者肺内病原菌比较及感染影响因素分析

目的对比老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)患者和坠积性肺炎患者肺内一般病原菌和多重耐药菌的分布,同时分析COPD患者和坠积性肺炎患者多重耐药菌感染的影响因素。方法对入选COPD患者和坠积性肺炎患者下呼吸道痰标本进行培养和鉴定,对比两组患者病原菌以及多重耐药菌的检出率,同时比较两组患者性别、年龄、住院时间、糖尿病病史、有创机械通气治疗和留置尿管等因素对多重耐药菌感染的影响。结果 COPD患者革兰阴性菌的检出率(48.39%)显著低于坠积性肺炎患者(66.13%),COPD患者真菌的检出率(11.06%)显著高于坠积性肺炎患者(2.42%)。两组患者检出的多重耐药菌均以产超广谱β-内酰胺酶肠杆菌科细菌、耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌和多重耐药/泛耐药铜绿假单胞菌为主。COPD患者中感染多重耐药菌患者的年龄和住院时间显著高于非感染患者;坠积性肺炎患者中感染多重耐药菌患者的住院时间、机械通气治疗率和留置尿管使用率显著高于非感染患者。结论影响老年COPD患者和坠积性肺炎患者多重耐药菌感染的因素有区别,应有针对性地应用抗生素以减少多重耐药菌的感染。     

Fate of the soil seed bank of giant ragweed and its significance in preventing and controlling its invasion in grasslands

Giant ragweed (Ambrosia trifida, L. henceforth referred to as GR), an annual non‐native invasive weed, may cause health problems and can reduce agricultural productivity. Chemical control of GR in grasslands may have irreversible side effects on herbs and livestock. In an attempt to propose a solution to the harmful effects of GR on grasslands, this study explores the fate of its soil seed bank (SSB) and considers the physical control of its SSB reduction. By studying GR distributed in grasslands of the Yili Valley, Xinjiang, China, we measured the spatial and temporal changes in seed density, seed germination, dormancy, and death. We analyzed seed germination, dormancy, and death following different storage periods. The study analyzed population characteristics over time, including seed fate, and examined physical control methods for reducing the SSB density. The SSB of GR occurs in the upper 0–15 cm of soil in grasslands. Seed density in the SSB decreased by 68.1% to 82.01% from the reproductive growth period to the senescence period. More than 98.7% of the seeds were rotten, eaten, germinated, dispersed, or died within one year after being produced. The seed germination rate of the SSB decreased with the number of years after invasion. When stored for 0.5 or 3.5 years, seed germination rates fell by 40%, during which time seed death rate increased by almost 40%. When GR was completely eradicated for two consecutive years, the SSB and population densities decreased by >99%. The vast majority of GR seeds germinated or died within one year; the germination rate decreased significantly if the seeds were stored dry at room temperature for a long time. Newly produced seeds are the main source of seeds in the SSB. Therefore, thoroughly eradicating GR plants for several years before the seeds can mature provides an effective control method in grasslands.     

一株红孢囊藻(Rhodosorus sp.SCSIO-45730)总糖和β-葡聚糖的积累特性研究

红孢囊藻(Rhodosorus sp.)可以积累高含量多糖,在医药保健和生物能源领域具有潜在开发价值。为进一步评估红孢囊藻(Rhodosorus sp.)产业化潜力,研究了一株红孢囊藻SCSIO-45730在盐度不同的4种培养基中生长及总糖和β-葡聚糖积累特性,结果表明:改良的ASW培养基相对于其他培养基(f/2、Conway和Erdschreiber)更有利于红孢囊藻SCSIO-45730生物量和总糖的积累。以ASW培养基为基础培养基,研究该藻盐度适应性,结果显示:该藻可在18‰-58‰盐度范围内正常生长,随着盐度增加,藻细胞体积逐渐增大且出现聚团现象;在盐度为38‰时,获得最大生物量、总糖含量和产率以及β-葡聚糖产率,分别为13.70 g/L、48.52%DW、412.58 mg/L·d和119.70 mg/L·d,β-葡聚糖含量随着盐度增加而降低;该藻在户外平板光生物反应器中总糖和β-葡聚糖单位体积产量分别为0.73 g/L和0.23 g/L。结果表明,红孢囊藻SCSIO-45730具有较广的盐度适应性、高产总糖和β-葡聚糖潜力,是生产生物乙醇和β-葡聚糖的理想原料。     

表达透明颤菌血红蛋白基因对酿酒酵母生长及细胞内氧化状态的影响*

透明颤菌血红蛋白基因vgb在多种研究和工业发酵菌中异源表达很好的解决了高密度发酵中的溶氧率问题。酿酒酵母是经典的真核模型,且在发酵工业中具有重要的应用价值,但vgb在酿酒酵母中异源表达对细胞生长的影响并不清楚。以ADH1为启动子构建了含透明颤菌(Vistreoscilla)血红蛋白基因vgb的异源表达质粒YEplac195-ADH1pr-vgb,并转化至酿酒酵母BY4741。通过生长敏感性实验,发现在发酵碳源和非发酵碳源中,vgb的异源表达均抑制了菌株生长。接着,通过2',7'-二氯荧光黄双乙酸盐和PI染色和脂质过氧化产物检测分析,发现过表达vgb的酿酒酵母细胞中活性氧(ROS)的积累、细胞膜通透性改变以及脂质过氧化。结果表明,酿酒酵母中过表达vgb改变细胞的氧化状态促进活性氧的累积,氧化应激导致菌株的生长抑制。     

Diversity of Culturable Bacteria Isolated from Highland Barley Cultivation Soil in Qamdo,Tibet Autonomous Region

The soil bacterial communities have been widely investigated. However, there has been little study of the bacteria in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, especially about the culturable bacteria in highland barley cultivation soil. Here, a total of 830 individual strains were obtained at 4°C and 25°C from a highland barley cultivation soil in Qamdo, Tibet Autonomous Region, using fifteen kinds of media. Seventy-seven species were obtained, which belonged to 42 genera and four phyla; the predominant phylum was Actinobacteria (68.82%), followed by Proteobacteria (15.59%), Firmicutes (14.29%), and Bacteroidetes (1.30%). The predominant genus was Streptomyces (22.08%, 17 species), followed by Bacillus (6.49%, five species), Micromonospora (5.19%, four species), Microbacterium (5.19%, four species), and Kribbella (3.90%, three species). The most diverse isolates belonged to a high G+C Gram-positive group; in particular, the Streptomyces genus is a dominant genus in the high G+C Gram-positive group. There were 62 species and 33 genera bacteria isolated at 25°C (80.52%), 23 species, and 18 genera bacteria isolated at 4°C (29.87%). Meanwhile, only eight species and six genera bacteria could be isolated at 25°C and 4°C. Of the 77 species, six isolates related to six genera might be novel taxa. The results showed abundant bacterial species diversity in the soil sample from the Qamdo, Tibet Autonomous Region.