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51.
Cyril Hart 《BMJ (Clinical research ed.)》1959,2(5164):1484-1485
52.
J. Soinila A. Salo H. Uusitalo N. Yanaihara O. Häppölä 《Histochemistry and cell biology》1989,91(6):455-460
Summary Indirect immunofluorescence technique was used to study the occurrence and distribution of CGRP immunoreactivity in the submandibular gland of normal rats and after unilateral sensory and sympathetic denervations. In normal rats, CGRP-immunoreactive nerve fibers and nerve trunks were seen around or in close contact with interlobular salivary ducts as well as around small blood vessels of the gland. Occasionally, CGRP-immunoreactive nerve fibers were also detected between or around the acini of the gland.The submandibular ganglia contained CGRP-immunoreactive nerve fibers, but the ganglion cells were not immunoreactive for CGRP. The trigeminal ganglion contained a population of CGRP-immunoreactive, mainly small sized ganglion cells and nerve fibers distributed throughout the ganglion. Unilateral electrocoagulation of the trigeminal nerve caused a significant reduction in the number of immunoreactive nerve fibers in the gland, although some fibers still were present in the ipsilateral glandular tissue. Unilateral superior cervical ganglionectomy caused no detectable effect on the number of CGRP-immunoreactive nerve fibers in the gland.The present results suggest that the rat submandibular gland contains CGRP-immunoreactive nerve fibers both around blood vessels and in glandular secretory elements. Denervation experiments support the view that the majority, but perhaps not all of them originate from the trigeminal ganglion. 相似文献
53.
Diet and urinary estrogen profile in premenopausal omnivorous and vegetarian women and in premenopausal women with breast cancer 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
H Adlercreutz T Fotsis K H?ckerstedt E H?m?l?inen C Bannwart S Bloigu A Valtonen A Ollus 《Journal of steroid biochemistry》1989,34(1-6):527-530
The urinary estrogen profile was studied in the midfollicular phase twice, and diet four times during 1 yr in 10 premenopausal breast cancer (BC) patients consuming an omnivorous normal Finnish diet and in two control groups, one consuming an omnivorous (n = 12) and the other a lactovegetarian (n = 11) diet. Total fat intake in relation to caloric intake was almost identical in all three groups. Only with regard to grain fiber intake did the BC patients differ significantly from both other groups. No differences were found between the groups with regard to urinary excretion of 13 individual estrogens and total estrogens, with the exception of 4-hydroxyestrone (4-OH-E1), which was significantly lower (P less than 0.05) in the BC group than in the vegetarians. A high carbohydrate to protein ratio in the diet had a negative correlation with the excretion of 2-hydroxyestrogens and 2-hydroxyesterone (2-OH-E1) to 4-OH-E1 ratio. The BC group had significantly higher urinary 2-OH-E1 to E1 ratio (P less than 0.05) compared to the vegetarians. The 2-OH-E1 to 4-OH-E1 ratio was highest in the BC group (= 7.1) and differed significantly from that of the omnivores (= 4.3; P less than 0.02) and vegetarians (= 3.6; P less than 0.005). This ratio showed a negative correlation with intake of carbohydrates, starch, total and grain fiber. Urinary excretion of 4-OH-E1 correlated positively with total and grain fiber intake and plasma SHBG. Protein intake correlated positively with urinary 2-methoxy-E1 excretion, and retinol intake positively with catechol estrogen, E1 and E2 excretion. It is concluded that estrogen production and urinary estrogen profile in premenopausal breast cancer patients is normal with the exception of a low 4-OH-E1 excretion and high urinary 2-OH-E1 to 4-OH-E1 ratio. This ratio, which seems to depend on diet, is the only urinary estrogen parameter separating premenopausal BC patients from the control omnivorous and lactovegetarian women. 相似文献
54.
C Bourdouxhe P Colson C Houssier J S Sun T Montenay-Garestier C Hélène C Rivalle E Bisagni M J Waring J P Hénichart 《Biochemistry》1992,31(49):12385-12396
A bifunctional molecule in which an ellipticine chromophore is attached to a distamycin residue via a diaminopropyl tether has been designed and synthesized in the expectation of creating a hybrid molecule capable of bidentate binding to DNA by both intercalation and minor-groove interactions. The strength and mode of binding to DNA of this conjugate have been studied by means of circular and linear dichroism as well as by stopped-flow kinetics and measurements of reactivity toward a chemical probe. The results converge to reveal that the ellipticine moiety of the hybrid largely dominates the binding reaction with DNA. In the presence of chromatin, the hybrid molecule binds preferentially to the internucleosomal DNA, a preference dictated by its intercalating chromophore. Theoretical computations were performed on the comparative complexation energies of distamycin, the ellipticine derivative, and the hybrid ligand with a B-representative octanucleotide, d(GCATATGC)2. The best binding configuration of the ellipticine derivative locates its aminoalkyl side chain in the minor groove where distamycin is also present. The molecular modeling analysis fully supports the involvement of a bimodal binding process for the hybrid and reveals that the binding of the conjugate to DNA favors a pronounced bending toward the minor groove. This effect is attributed to intercalation of the ellipticine chromophore. An interesting link is established between the DEPC reactivity experiments and the theoretical computations, suggesting that DEPC can be used as a probe for drug-induced DNA bending. On the basis of these results, we propose the design of a new hybrid ligand bearing an additional positively-charged amidine side chain to confer higher DNA-binding affinity. 相似文献
55.
The nucleotide sequence and the 5 flanking region of the rbcL gene coding for the large subunit of ribulose bisphosphate-1,5-carboxylase/oxygenase of Pylaiella littoralis, a brown alga, has been determined and the deduced amino-acid sequence has been compared to those of various photosynthetic and chemoautotrophic Eubacteria, of a red alga and of green plastids (Euglena gracilis, green algae and higher plants). Unlike the rbcL genes of green plastids which are more closely related to those of cyanobacteria the P. littoralis rbcL gene is more closely related to that of a -purple bacterium, as was found for the rbcS gene of another chromophytic alga [Boczar et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86: 4996–4999, 1989]. Matrix data of homology between the rbcL gene of P. littoralis and the same gene of other organisms are presented. Based on our previous report, the gene coding for the 16S rRNA from P. littoralis is closely related to that of E. gracilis (Markowicz et al., Curr Genet 14: 599–608, 1988). We suggest that the large plastid DNA molecule of P. littoralis is a phylogenetically composite genome which probably resulted from mixed endosymbiosis events, or from a horizontal transfer of DNA. 相似文献
56.
Laurence Bianchini Barthélémy Fossat Jacqueline Porthé-Nibelle Brahim Lahlou 《Journal of comparative physiology. B, Biochemical, systemic, and environmental physiology》1990,160(1):93-98
Summary Na+, K+ exchanges were studied in isolated hepatocytes of the rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri. Ouabain at 10–4
M produced maximal inhibition (95%) of K+ uptake and enhanced intracellular Na+ accumulation, showing that active fluxes account for a very large proportion of Na+ and K+ exchanges. Inhibition of the Na–K pump by ouabain was significant at low concentrations (10–8
M). When external K+ concentration was reduced from 7 mM to 0.5 mM, half maximum inhibition (IC50) of K+ uptake was obtained at a 22-fold lower concentration of ouabain confirming that ouabain and potassium compete at the same pump site. Time-course analysis of [3H]ouabain binding indicated a two-component kinetics: one component saturable and dependent on K+ concentration in the medium, the other linear and independent of external K+. The ouabain binding site number, determined by Scatchard plots, remained constant (ca. 2.5·105 per cell) and independent of the external K+ concentration (7, 0.5 or 0 mM), while the dissociation constant (KD) decreased from 4.2 M to 7.3 nM when K+ was removed from the Hank's medium. These ouabain binding sites are characterized by an exceptionally low turnover rate (400 min–1), as estimated from ouabain-sensitive K+ flux, in comparison to those described in other cell types of higher vertebrates. At each external K+ concentration studied, the inhibition of K+ uptake and ouabain binding measured as a function of ouabain concentration indicated a strict correlation between the degree of K pump inhibition and the amount of bound glycoside. 相似文献
57.
A. A. J. J. L. Rutten B. G. A. G. G. Béquet-Passelecq H. B. W. M. Koëter 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》1990,26(4):353-360
Summary A new method was developed for rabbit skin organ culture. In a two-compartment model, skin discs were cultured on a Millicell-HA
insert unit with a microporous membrane which allows transport of culture medium via the dermis into the epidermis, whereas
the epidermal side remains free of direct contact with culture medium. In this relatively simple two-compartment organ culture
model, rabbit skin could be cultured for 7 d in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with fetal bovine serum, or for 2 d in RPMI
1640 medium supplemented with cofactors. The histomorphology and ultrastructure of 7-d cultured rabbit skin discs was essentially
similar to that of freshly isolated rabbit skin. Keratinocytes in the stratum basale continued to divide during organ culture.
The terminal differentiation of the epidermis continued in vitro as was found by the presence of keratohyalin granules, the
intact stratum corneum, and keratin expression. Furthermore, glucose consumption continued until culture Day 7, but thereafter
it declined rapidly. Concomitantly, degenerative changes were found. At the end of the 7-d culture period the distance between
single dermal collagen fibrils had increased as compared to noncultured skin. This model of skin organ cultures can be used
to study biological processes, dermal toxicity, and penetration and metabolism of xenobiotics in intact skin. Furthermore,
within certain limits, processes responsible for repair and regeneration of damaged skin can also be studied in this model
because the rabbit skin can be cultured for 7 d.
The present study was financially supported by grants of Duphar B. V. (Weesp, Netherlands), the European Community, and the
Dutch animal welfare organizations Samenwerkingsverband van de Nederlandse Vereniging tot Bescherming van Dieren en de Nederlandse
Bond tot Bestrijding van de Vivisectie, Anti-Vivisectie Stichting en Stichting Schoonheid Zonder Wreedheid. 相似文献
58.
J.C. Hervé F. Pluciennik F. Verrecchia B. Bastide B. Delage M. Joffre J. Délèze 《The Journal of membrane biology》1996,149(3):179-187
17β-estradiol propionate was found to reduce the gap junctional communication in a concentration range similar to that of
testosterone propionate, in primary cultures of rat Sertoli cells and cardiac myocytes. Uncoupling was reversible on washing
out and occurred without concomitant rise in the intracellular calcium concentration.
Esterification was a prerequisite for the activity of extracellularly applied steroid compounds (for example, testosterone
was ineffective even at external concentrations up to 100 μm, whereas its intracellular application at 1 μm totally interrupted intercellular communication), but their uncoupling efficiency did not depend on the nature of the ester
chain nor on its position on the steroid nucleus. The derivatives of two other androgen hormones (derivatives of the androstane
nucleus) were also efficient as junctional uncouplers. Among five steroid molecules belonging to the pregnane family, only
one (pregnanediol diacetate) interrupted the junctional communication. Neither cholic acid nor cholesteryl acetate or ouabain
showed this effect. Altogether, no correlation with the presence or position of double bonds nor with the trans- or cis-fusion of the A and B rings could be recognized.
These results suggest that this reversible, nondeleterious uncoupling effect of steroids is independent of the shape of the
molecules and is more probably related to their size and liposolubility, that condition their insertion into the lipid bilayer.
Their incorporation into the membrane could disturb the activity of the membrane proteins by a physical mechanism.
Received: 10 April 1995/Revised: 27 October 1995 相似文献
59.
Robert Baur Vladimír Koál Bruno Patrian Erich Städler 《Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata》1996,81(3):353-364
In laboratory dual-choice assays females of the cabbage root fly, Delia radicum, prefer for oviposition plants with roots damaged by conspecific larvae to undamaged controls. Cauliflower and kale plants were inoculated with root fly eggs (25 per plant) and the hatching larvae were allowed to feed on the roots for various periods of time (1–17 days). After 4 (cauliflower) or 5 (kale) days of larval feeding the oviposition preference was most pronounced and flies laid between 64% and 68% of their eggs near plants with damaged roots. Later, with increasing damage but fewer surviving, and thus actively feeding, larvae, the magnitude of the preference declined. The preference for plants already damaged by conspecific larvae may contribute to the previously observed aggregated distribution of D. radicum eggs in Brassica crop fields.Further experiments revealed that the sensory cues inducing this oviposition preference originate from the complex consisting of the damaged roots, the surrounding substrate (soil) and associated microbes, rather than from the aerial plant parts. In choice assays using the root-substrate complex of damaged and control plants (aerial parts removed), the observed preference for damaged roots was similar to that found for the entire plant but was more pronounced. The damaged roots alone, compared to control roots, received up to 72% (cauliflower) and 75% (kale) of the eggs. By contrast, surrogate leaves sprayed with methanolic leaf surface extracts from the most preferred plants which had been damaged were not discriminated from surrogate leaved sprayed with extracts of the respective control plants. Analysis of glucosinolate levels in methanolic leaf surface extracts revealed that root damage resulted in enhanced concentrations of indole-glucosinolates on the leaf surface in kale but not in cauliflower. Although indole-glucosinolates are oviposition stimulants for the cabbage root fly, the induced changes were apparently too small to influence oviposition behaviour. 相似文献
60.
Transformation of the extremely thermoacidophilic archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus via a self-spreading vector 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Abstract The comparative chromosomal locations of polymeric β-fructosidase SUC genes have been determined by Southern blot hybridization with the SUC2 probe in 91 different strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae . Most of the strains exhibited a single SUC2 gene, but in some strains two or three SUC genes were found. All Suc− strains carried a silent suc20 sequence. The accumulation of SUC genes was observed in populations derived from sources containing sucrose and seems to be absent in strains from sources promoting the MEL gene. 相似文献