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101.
Reavis Zackery W. Mirjankar Nikhil Sarangi Srikant Boyle Stephen H. Kuhn Cynthia M. Matson Wayne R. Babyak Michael A. Matson Samantha A. Siegler Ilene C. Kaddurah‑Daouk Rima Suarez Edward C. Williams Redford B. Grichnik Katherine Stafford‑Smith Mark Georgiades Anastasia 《Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society》2021,17(6):1-13
Metabolomics - Metabolomics applications to the aquaculture research are increasing steadily. The use of standardized proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy can provide the... 相似文献
102.
Stephen Baine Ingrid Bonilla Andriy Belevych Andrei Stepanov Lisa E. Dorn Radmila Terentyeva Dmitry Terentyev Federica Accornero Cynthia A. Carnes Sandor Gyorke 《Journal of cellular and molecular medicine》2021,25(10):4637-4648
Heart failure (HF) is characterized by asymmetrical autonomic balance. Treatments to restore parasympathetic activity in human heart failure trials have shown beneficial effects. However, mechanisms of parasympathetic-mediated improvement in cardiac function remain unclear. The present study examined the effects and underpinning mechanisms of chronic treatment with the cholinesterase inhibitor, pyridostigmine (PYR), in pressure overload HF induced by transverse aortic constriction (TAC) in mice. TAC mice exhibited characteristic adverse structural (left ventricular hypertrophy) and functional remodelling (reduced ejection fraction, altered myocyte calcium (Ca) handling, increased arrhythmogenesis) with enhanced predisposition to arrhythmogenic aberrant sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca release, cardiac ryanodine receptor (RyR2) hyper-phosphorylation and up-regulated store-operated Ca entry (SOCE). PYR treatment resulted in improved cardiac contractile performance and rhythmic activity relative to untreated TAC mice. Chronic PYR treatment inhibited altered intracellular Ca handling by alleviating aberrant Ca release and diminishing pathologically enhanced SOCE in TAC myocytes. At the molecular level, these PYR-induced changes in Ca handling were associated with reductions of pathologically enhanced phosphorylation of RyR2 serine-2814 and STIM1 expression in HF myocytes. These results suggest that chronic cholinergic augmentation alleviates HF via normalization of both canonical RyR2-mediated SR Ca release and non-canonical hypertrophic Ca signaling via STIM1-dependent SOCE. 相似文献
103.
Methodology for the rapid N‐acylation of aminothiols in aqueous solution using procedures commonly employed in biochemical studies is described here. Glutathione disulfide (GSSG) and homocystine were diN‐acetylated in ~100% yield in 0.1 M aqueous NaHCO3 (pH 8.5) at room temperature by 2.5 equiv of the activated ester, N‐hydroxysulfosuccinimidyl acetate, an efficient water‐soluble acetylating reagent. Following acetone precipitation, diN‐acetylGSSG was further purified and desalted on a strong anion‐exchange (SAX) cartridge. DiN‐acetylhomocystine was simultaneously purified and desalted on a C18 cartridge. The N‐acetylated aminothiols were generated using gel‐immobilized tris(2‐carboxyethyl)phosphine as a reductant, which obviated the need for further purification. Alternatively, disulfide exchange with dissolved dithiothreitol yielded N‐acetylglutathione, which was purified on the SAX cartridge. pH titrations of N‐acetylglutathione (8.99) and N‐acetylhomocysteine (9.66) as well as those of commercially available N‐acetylcysteine (9.53) and N‐acetylpenicillamine (10.21) yielded pKa(SH) values of importance for biological studies. Copyright © 2013 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
104.
Cynthia D Lang Judith S Daviau Daniel A Merton Susan M Caraker 《Comparative medicine》2013,63(4):361-366
An aged male rhesus macaque in our colony had decreased appetite and a loss of interest in behavioral testing. CBC analysis revealed a regenerative, microcytic, hypochromic anemia with thrombocytosis, consistent with iron deficiency. A fecal occult blood test was positive. Ultrasound imaging revealed numerous, vascularized focal liver lesions that suggested metastases. The macaque''s appetite continued to decrease, and he became more lethargic. At this point, the investigator elected to euthanize the macaque. At necropsy, the ileocolic junction was white and abnormally thickened, and the liver was pale tan with approximately 18 discrete white masses randomly scattered throughout the hepatic parenchyma. Histologically, the mass at the ileocolic junction was identified as an intestinal adenocarcinoma, whereas the liver masses were confirmed to be undifferentiated hepatic sarcomas. This case report describes a rhesus macaque that had 2 unrelated primary neoplasms. A review of the literature indicates that this rhesus macaque is the first reported to have an adenocarcinoma of the ileocolic junction and multiple hepatic sarcomas simultaneously.Rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) are genetically similar to humans, have a similar aging phenotype at approximately 3 times the rate of those in humans, and develop spontaneous cancers similar to those in humans.36 In humans, gastrointestinal carcinomas are relatively common, but most of these lesions arise in the colon and rectum with only a small percentage in the small intestine and ileum.4,12,15,18 Although the ileocolic junction is considered a common site for intestinal adenocarcinomas in aged rhesus macaques, this tumor has also been found in the duodenum, jejunum, distal ileum, cecum, and colon.6,13,21-23,25,39 Intestinal adenocarcinomas also occur in aged cynomologus macaques (Macaca fasicularis),39 cotton-top marmosets (Saguinus oedipus),6,10 common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus),6,27 and a squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus).24 Cotton-top marmosets often develop adenocarcinomas of the colon, including the cecum–colon, and rectum.6,10 Common marmosets have been reported to develop adenocarcinomas of the small intestine.6,27 Adenocarcinoma of the cecum in a squirrel monkey has been reported.24Spontaneous hepatic tumors unrelated to carcinogenic factors, such as aflatoxin B1,33 occur only rarely in nonhuman primates. In the United States, primary malignant hepatic tumors in humans are rare, and fewer than 1% are reported to be hepatic sarcomas.1,16,40 Review of the nonhuman primate literature revealed reports of hepatic cholangiocarcinoma in a 25-y-old male capuchin monkey (Cebus albifrons),7 hepatocellular carcinoma in a 24-y-old male squirrel monkey (Saimiri boliviensis)5 and in a female squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus) older than 13 y,28 and hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma in an African green monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops).34 Spontaneous hepatocellular carcinomas were reported to occur in 2 adolescent male cynomologus macaques younger than 5 y.31 Hepatic hemangiosarcoma was diagnosed in 3-y-old female rhesus macaque,26 and hepatic cholangiocarcinoma was found in a rhesus macaque that also had an intestinal adenocarcinoma.39The aged male rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) in the current case study was found to have adenocarcinoma of the ileocolic junction and multiple, random, discrete neoplasms in the liver, which were identified as undifferentiated sarcomas. No metastases from the intestinal adenocarcinoma were detected, but neoplastic cells similar to those of the undifferentiated hepatic cells were identified in an intestinal artery. The frequency of multiple tumor types in aged nonhuman primates is relevant to the use of older animals in research. 相似文献
105.
106.
Shibu Yooseph Cynthia Andrews-Pfannkoch Aaron Tenney Jeff McQuaid Shannon Williamson Mathangi Thiagarajan Daniel Brami Lisa Zeigler-Allen Jeff Hoffman Johannes B. Goll Douglas Fadrosh John Glass Mark D. Adams Robert Friedman J. Craig Venter 《PloS one》2013,8(12)
Understanding the microbial content of the air has important scientific, health, and economic implications. While studies have primarily characterized the taxonomic content of air samples by sequencing the 16S or 18S ribosomal RNA gene, direct analysis of the genomic content of airborne microorganisms has not been possible due to the extremely low density of biological material in airborne environments. We developed sampling and amplification methods to enable adequate DNA recovery to allow metagenomic profiling of air samples collected from indoor and outdoor environments. Air samples were collected from a large urban building, a medical center, a house, and a pier. Analyses of metagenomic data generated from these samples reveal airborne communities with a high degree of diversity and different genera abundance profiles. The identities of many of the taxonomic groups and protein families also allows for the identification of the likely sources of the sampled airborne bacteria. 相似文献
107.
Yang Song Shashank Garg Mohit Girotra Cynthia Maddox Erik C. von Rosenvinge Anand Dutta Sudhir Dutta W. Florian Fricke 《PloS one》2013,8(11)
Clostridium difficile causes antibiotic-associated diarrhea and pseudomembraneous colitis and is responsible for a large and increasing fraction of hospital-acquired infections. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is an alternate treatment option for recurrent C. difficile infection (RCDI) refractory to antibiotic therapy. It has recently been discussed favorably in the clinical and scientific communities and is receiving increasing public attention. However, short- and long-term health consequences of FMT remain a concern, as the effects of the transplanted microbiota on the patient remain unknown. To shed light on microbial events associated with RCDI and treatment by FMT, we performed fecal microbiota analysis by 16S rRNA gene amplicon pyrosequencing of 14 pairs of healthy donors and RCDI patients treated successfully by FMT. Post-FMT patient and healthy donor samples collected up to one year after FMT were studied longitudinally, including one post-FMT patient with antibiotic-associated relapse three months after FMT. This analysis allowed us not only to confirm prior reports that RCDI is associated with reduced diversity and compositional changes in the fecal microbiota, but also to characterize previously undocumented post-FMT microbiota dynamics. Members of the Streptococcaceae, Enterococcaceae, or Enterobacteriaceae were significantly increased and putative butyrate producers, such as Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae were significantly reduced in samples from RCDI patients before FMT as compared to post-FMT patient and healthy donor samples. RCDI patient samples showed more case-specific variations than post-FMT patient and healthy donor samples. However, none of the bacterial groups were invariably associated with RCDI or successful treatment by FMT. Overall microbiota compositions in post-FMT patients, specifically abundances of the above-mentioned Firmicutes, continued to change for at least 16 weeks after FMT, suggesting that full microbiota recovery from RCDI may take much longer than expected based on the disappearance of diarrheal symptoms immediately after FMT. 相似文献
108.
109.
Yoke-Leng Ng Borut Klopcic Frances Lloyd Cynthia Forrest Wayne Greene Ian C. Lawrance 《PloS one》2013,8(10)
Background
Secreted Protein Acidic and Rich in Cysteine (SPARC) is expressed during tissue repair and regulates cellular proliferation, migration and cytokine expression. The aim was to determine if SPARC modifies intestinal inflammation.Methods
Wild-type (WT) and SPARC-null (KO) mice received 3% dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) for 7 days. Inflammation was assessed endoscopically, clinically and histologically. IL-1β, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17A, IL-12/IL23p40, TNF-α, IFN-γ, RANTES, MCP-1, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, MIG and TGF-β1 levels were measured by ELISA and cytometric bead array. Inflammatory cells were characterised by CD68, Ly6G, F4/80 and CD11b immunofluorescence staining and regulatory T cells from spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes were assessed by flow cytometry.Results
KO mice had less weight loss and diarrhoea with less endoscopic and histological inflammation than WT animals. By day 35, all (n = 13) KO animals completely resolved the inflammation compared to 7 of 14 WT mice (p<0.01). Compared to WTs, KO animals at day 7 had less IL1β (p = 0.025) and MIG (p = 0.031) with higher TGFβ1 (p = 0.017) expression and a greater percentage of FoxP3+ regulatory T cells in the spleen and draining lymph nodes of KO animals (p<0.01). KO mice also had fewer CD68+ and F4/80+ macrophages, Ly6G+ neutrophils and CD11b+ cells infiltrating the inflamed colon.Conclusions
Compared to WT, SPARC KO mice had less inflammation with fewer inflammatory cells and more regulatory T cells. Together, with increased TGF-β1 levels, this could aid in the more rapid resolution of inflammation and restoration of the intestinal mucosa suggesting that the presence of SPARC increases intestinal inflammation. 相似文献110.
Cynthia Chen Nasheen Naidoo Benjamin Er Angela Cheong Ngan Phoon Fong Choo Yian Tay Kin Ming Chan Boon Yeow Tan Edward Menon Chye Hua Ee Kok Keng Lee Yee Sien Ng Yik Ying Teo Gerald C. H. Koh 《PloS one》2013,8(12)