全文获取类型
收费全文 | 99篇 |
免费 | 15篇 |
国内免费 | 2篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 1篇 |
2020年 | 1篇 |
2018年 | 1篇 |
2016年 | 1篇 |
2015年 | 7篇 |
2014年 | 8篇 |
2013年 | 2篇 |
2012年 | 5篇 |
2011年 | 2篇 |
2010年 | 9篇 |
2009年 | 6篇 |
2008年 | 3篇 |
2007年 | 5篇 |
2006年 | 2篇 |
2005年 | 6篇 |
2004年 | 4篇 |
2003年 | 2篇 |
2002年 | 1篇 |
2001年 | 1篇 |
2000年 | 4篇 |
1999年 | 5篇 |
1998年 | 2篇 |
1997年 | 3篇 |
1996年 | 3篇 |
1995年 | 1篇 |
1993年 | 1篇 |
1992年 | 3篇 |
1991年 | 1篇 |
1990年 | 1篇 |
1989年 | 3篇 |
1988年 | 3篇 |
1986年 | 1篇 |
1985年 | 3篇 |
1984年 | 1篇 |
1983年 | 3篇 |
1982年 | 2篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1977年 | 3篇 |
1976年 | 2篇 |
1975年 | 1篇 |
1969年 | 1篇 |
1961年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有116条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
41.
The "nude" mouse is a unique tool for immunologic studies. Its relatively short life span dictates the application of rigid environmental controls to increase longevity if the mouse is to assume the role of a practical experimental animal. In this paper we discussed the husbandry procedures employed to raise "nude" mice in our facilities under conventional, defined flora, and germfree conditions. Conventional and defined flora mice were raised on laminar flow stay-clean rocks, and germfree "nudes" were housed in self-contained germfree isolators. The major cause of morbidity and mortality among conventional and defined flora "nude" mice was fulminating hepatitis. We presented evidence that the etiologic agent of the disease was mouse hepatitis virus (MHV). Germfree "nude" mice were completely free from viral and bacterial diseases. 相似文献
42.
Measurements of the Ca content, [Ca](T), of freshly isolated squid axons show a value of 60 μmol/kg axoplasm. Axons in 3 mM Ca(Na) seawater show little change in Ca content over 4 h, while axons in 3 mM Ca(Na) seawater show little change in Ca content over 4 h, while axons in 10 mM Ca(Na) seawater show gains of 18 μmol/Ca/kgxh. In 10 Ca (Choline) seawater the gain is 2,400 μmol/kgxh. Using aequorin confined to a dialysis capillary in the center of an axon, one finds that [Ca](i) is in a steady state with 3 Ca (Na) seawater, and that both 10 Ca (Na) and 3 Ca (choline) seawater cause increases in [Ca](i). In 3 Ca (Na) seawater-3 Ca (choline) seawater mixtures, 180 mM [Na](0) (40 perecent Na) is as effective as 450 mM [Na](0) (100 percent Na) in maintaining a normal [Ca](1); lower [Na] causes an increase in [Ca](i). If axons are injected with the ATP-splitting enzyme apyrase, the resulting [Ca](1) is not loading with high [Ca](0) or low [Na](0) solutions. Depolarization of an axon with 100 mM K (Na) seawater leads to an increase in the steady-state level of [Ca](1) that is reversed upon returning the axon to normal seawater. Freshly isolated axons treated with either CN or FCCP to inhibit mitochondrial Ca buffering can still maintain a normal [Ca](i) in 1 Ca (Na) seawater. 相似文献
43.
Naked DNA vaccines expressing the prM and E genes of Russian spring summer encephalitis virus and Central European encephalitis virus protect mice from homologous and heterologous challenge. 总被引:9,自引:5,他引:4
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Journal of virology》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
C Schmaljohn L Vanderzanden M Bray D Custer B Meyer D Li C Rossi D Fuller J Fuller J Haynes J Huggins 《Journal of virology》1997,71(12):9563-9569
Naked DNA vaccines expressing the prM and E genes of two tick-borne flaviviruses, Russian spring summer encephalitis (RSSE) virus and Central European encephalitis (CEE) virus were evaluated in mice. The vaccines were administered by particle bombardment of DNA-coated gold beads by Accell gene gun inoculation. Two immunizations of 0.5 to 1 microg of RSSE or CEE constructs/dose, delivered at 4-week intervals, elicited cross-reactive antibodies detectable by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and high-titer neutralizing antibodies to CEE virus. Cross-challenge experiments demonstrated that either vaccine induced protective immunity to homologous or heterologous RSSE or CEE virus challenge. The absence of antibody titer increases after challenge and the presence of antibodies to E and prM, but not NS1, both before and after challenge suggest that the vaccines prevented productive replication of the challenge virus. One vaccination with 0.5 microg of CEE virus DNA provided protective immunity for at least 2 months, and two vaccinations protected mice from challenge with CEE virus for at least 6 months. 相似文献
44.
45.
BC Wilson D Burnett R Rappaport LJ Parry EK Fletcher 《Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part A, Molecular & integrative physiology》2009,153(1):69-74
Relaxins are peptides similar in secondary structure to insulins. In teleost genomes, five or six relaxin genes have been identified. Two relaxins group closely with mammalian relaxin-3 on phylogenetic analysis and are named relaxin-3a and b. We refer to the remainder as relaxins c to f. Ovarian expression of relaxin-3a, d and f genes, and the relaxin-3 receptor gene Rxfp3, was studied in Danio rerio using RT-PCR. Immunohistochemistry was used to determine the distribution of relaxin-3 peptides and RXFP3 in the ovary of Fundulus heteroclitus (killifish). Thirdly, enzyme immunoassays and ovarian follicular culture were used to determine the effect of treatment with human recombinant relaxin-3 on the production of 17beta-estradiol and 17 alpha, 20 beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one in killifish ovarian follicles. Relaxin-3a, d, f, and Rxfp3 genes were expressed regardless of sex or reproductive condition. Relaxin-3 immunostaining was present in mid to late follicular stages within cortical alveoli of the oocyte cytopasm, whereas receptor staining was localized to follicular cells. Treatment with relaxin-3 enhanced 17beta-estradiol production in early and late maturing follicles, but did not have an effect in vitellogenic follicles. Relaxin-3 appeared to suppress the release of MIS production. This suggests that relaxin peptides may be involved with estradiol-dependant events in follicular development. 相似文献
46.
Michael Busch Mark Walderhaug Brian Custer Jean-Pierre Allain Ravi Reddy Brian McDonough 《Biologicals》2009,37(2):78-87
Decision-makers at all levels of public health and transfusion medicine have always assessed the risks and benefits of their decisions. Decisions are usually guided by immediately available information and a significant amount of experience and judgment. For decisions concerning familiar situations and common problems, judgment and experience may work quite well, but this type of decision process can lack clarity and accountability. Public health challenges are changing as emerging diseases and expensive technologies complicate the decision-makers' task, confronting the decision-maker with new problems that include multiple potential solutions. Decisions regarding polices and adoption of technologies are particularly complex in transfusion medicine due to the scope of the field, implications for public health, and legal, regulatory and public expectations regarding blood safety. To assist decision-makers, quantitative risk assessment and cost-effectiveness analysis are now being more widely applied. This set of articles will introduce risk assessment and cost-effectiveness methodologies and discuss recent applications of these methods in transfusion medicine. 相似文献
47.
Hsien-Chung Tseng Catey L Harwell Collin H Martin Kristala LJ Prather 《Microbial cell factories》2010,9(1):96
Background
The ability to synthesize chiral building block molecules with high optical purity is of considerable importance to the fine chemical and pharmaceutical industries. Production of one such compound, 3-hydroxyvalerate (3HV), has previously been studied with respect to the in vivo or in vitro enzymatic depolymerization of biologically-derived co-polymers of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate). However, production of this biopolymeric precursor typically necessitates the supplementation of a secondary carbon source (e.g., propionate) into the culture medium. In addition, previous approaches for producing 3HV have not focused on its enantiopure synthesis, and thus suffer from increased costs for product purification. 相似文献48.
Lanteri MC Kaidarova Z Peterson T Cate S Custer B Wu S Agapova M Law JP Bielawny T Plummer F Tobler LH Loeb M Busch MP Bramson J Luo M Norris PJ 《PloS one》2011,6(8):e22948
Background
West Nile virus (WNV) infection is asymptomatic in most individuals, with a minority developing symptoms ranging from WNV fever to serious neuroinvasive disease. This study investigated the impact of host HLA on the outcome of WNV disease.Methods
A cohort of 210 non-Hispanic mostly white WNV+ subjects from Canada and the U.S. were typed for HLA-A, B, C, DP, DQ, and DR. The study subjects were divided into three WNV infection outcome groups: asymptomatic (AS), symptomatic (S), and neuroinvasive disease (ND). Allele frequency distribution was compared pair-wise between the AS, S, and ND groups using χ2 and Fisher''s exact tests and P values were corrected for multiple comparisons (Pc). Allele frequencies were compared between the groups and the North American population (NA) used as a control group. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the potential synergistic effect of age and HLA allele phenotype on disease outcome.Results
The alleles HLA-A*68, C*08 and DQB*05 were more frequently associated with severe outcomes (ND vs. AS, P A*68 = 0.013/Pc = 0.26, P C*08 = 0.0075/Pc = 0.064, and P DQB1*05 = 0.029/Pc = 0.68), However the apparent DQB1*05 association was driven by age. The alleles HLA-B*40 and C*03 were more frequently associated with asymptomatic outcome (AS vs. S, P B*40 = 0.021/Pc = 0.58 and AS vs. ND P C*03 = 0.039/Pc = 0.64) and their frequencies were lower within WNV+ subjects with neuroinvasive disease than within the North American population (NA vs. S, P B*40 = 0.029 and NA vs. ND, P C*03 = 0.032).Conclusions
Host HLA may be associated with the outcome of WNV disease; HLA-A*68 and C*08 might function as “susceptible” alleles, whereas HLA-B*40 and C*03 might function as “protective” alleles. 相似文献49.
50.
Exogenous ATP induces inward currents and causes the release of arginine-vasopressin (AVP) from isolated neurohypophysial terminals (NHT); both effects are inhibited by the P2X2 and P2X3 antagonists, suramin and PPADS. Here we examined the role of endogenous ATP in the neurohypophysis. Stimulation of NHT caused the release of both AVP and ATP. ATP induced a potentiation in the stimulated release of AVP, but not of oxytocin (OT), which was blocked by the presence of suramin. In loose-patch clamp recordings, from intact neurohypophyses, suramin or PPADS produces an inhibition of action potential currents in a static bath, that can be mimicked by a hyperpolarization of the resting membrane potential (RMP). Correspondingly, in a static versus perfused bath there is a depolarization of the RMP of NHT, which was reduced by either suramin or PPADS. We measured an accumulation of ATP (3.7 +/- 0.7 microM) released from NHT in a static bath. Applications of either suramin or PPADS to a static bath decreased burst-stimulated capacitance increases in NHT. Finally, only vasopressin release from electrically stimulated intact neurohypophyses was reduced in the presence of Suramin or PPADS. These data suggest that there was sufficient accumulation of ATP released from the neurohypophysis during stimulations to depolarize its nerve terminals. This would occur via the opening of P2X2 and P2X3 receptors, inducing an influx of Ca2+. The subsequent elevation in [Ca2+](i) would further increase the stimulated release of only vasopressin from NHT terminals. Such purinergic feedback mechanisms could be physiologically important at most CNS synapses. 相似文献