Die organogenetische und transitorische rolle der vitellophagen in der darmentwicklung von Galathea (Crustacea,Anomura)

The present study of the development of the different organs of the gut, the vitellophags (primary yolk cells) and the other cell-types concerned with the resorption of the yolk gives the first detailed analysis of an Anomuran development.

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Verzeichnis der Abkürzungen in den Abbilduugen A ₁ 1. Antenne - A ₂ 2. Antenne - Ab Abdomen - Au Auge - B Blastoderm - Bb Blastodermbildung - Bl Blutlakunensystem - Bm Blastomer (Furchungszelle) - Bp Blastoporus - BZ Blutzelle - Ca Cardiamagen - Cf Carapaxfalte - Cp Caudalpapille - DI Drüsenfilter (Magen) - zDk zentraler Dotterkörper - Do Dorsalorgan - pDp primare Dotterpyramide - tDp tertiare Dotterpyramide (Vitellophagenepithel) - DR Rest des intraembryonalen Dottersackes - ieDS intraembryonaler Dottersack - bDv blastodermale Dottervakuole - sDZ sekunddre Dotterzelle - tDZ tertiare Dotterzelle - sE sekunddre Epithelialisierung (der Vitellophagen) - Ec Ectoderm - Ed Enddarm - Eh Eihiille (Chorion) - Ep Entodermplatte - Et Entodermtrichter - Ex Extremitdt (bsw. Extremitätenanlage) - Fsp Furchungsspindel (Teilungsspindel) - H Herz - ID Innendotter - Im Immigration (des Mesentoderms) - In Invagination (des Mesentoderms) - Ke Kern - KL Kopflappen (optischer Lobus) - KM Kaumuskulatur - L Darmlumen - M Mitose - Ma Magen - Md Mitteldarm - dMd dorsaler Mitteldarmdivertikel (dorsaler Mitteldarmblindsack) - Me Mesoderm - McEn Mesentoderm - Mddr Mitteldarmdrüse - Ml Mandibel - Mp ₁ 1. Maxilliped (1. Kieferfuß) - Mp ₂ 2. Maxilliped (2. Kieferfuß) - Mp ₃ 3. Maxilliped (3. Kieferfuß) - Mu Muskulatur - M₁ 1. Maxille - M₂ 2. Maxille - N Ganglien des Nervensystems - Ni Niere (Antennendrüse) - Oe Oesophagus - Ol Oberlippe - Pl Plasma - Py Pylorusmagen - Qv Querverbindung zwischen den Kopflappen - pR perivitelliner Raum - Seg Segment - Sf Sternalfurche - Sto Stomodaeum (Anlage des Vorderdarmes) - TA Thoracoabdominalanlage - Te Telson - Ul Urdarmlumen - V Vitellophage (primare Dotterzelle) - V ₁ Vitellophage 1 (1. Vitellophagengeneration) - V ₂ Vitellophage 2 (2. Vitellophagengeneration) - dV degenerierende Vitellophage - V intravitelline Vitellophage - IV Initialvitellophage (Lumenbildung) - pV perivitelline Vitellophage - Va Vakuole - Vi gelöster Dotter (im Darmlumen) - fZ freie Zellen (im perivitellinen Raum) Ausgeführt mit Mitteln des Schweizerischen Nationalfonds zur Förderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung and der Freiwillig Akademischen Gesellschaft der Stadt Basel.     

Ultrahistochemical and autoradiographic evidence for epithelial transport in the uterus of the ovoviviparous salamander,Salamandra salamandra (L.) (Amphibia,Urodela)

Summary The uterine epithelium of pregnant females of the terrestrial ovoviviparous Salamandra salamandra is characterized by a considerable enlargement of its basolateral surface. Chloride and cations (among others sodium), preferentially within the intercellular spaces, can be demonstrated ultrahistochemically. There is indirect evidence of Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase activity along the basolateral plasma membranes of the epithelial cells using the Sr-technique for demonstration of a K⁺-NPPase and ³H-ouabain autoradiography. Preliminary measurements reveal a potential difference across the uterine wall of 15–25mV, the lumenal (mucosal) surface being negative with respect to the coelomic (serosal) surface, and a short circuit current of 200–300 A. The possibly electrogenic ion transport is ouabain-sensitive. The results are in agreement with the model of a forward transporting, i.e. absorptive epithelium. An active transport of solute out of the uterine lumen across the epithelium to the subjacent connective tissue and the blood vessels may be involved in the regulation of an intrauterine milieu appropriate for the development of the offspring.I am indebted to Miss Dr. U. Beigel, Zoologisches Institut der Universität Münster, for linguistic help     

Sequence analysis of two tandemly linked Em genes from wheat

DNA sequences are presented for two members of the wheat Em gene family. The sequences correspond to the two linked genes at the Xem-1AL locus. Comparisons of these sequences with that of another wheat Em gene and two Em cDNA clones reveals substantial homology within the protein-coding regions, and the presence in the 5-flanking regions of the genomic sequences of motifs characteristic of ABA-responsive cis-acting elements.     

Ionenkanalerkrankungen des Gehirns – monogene Migräneformen

As opposed to the common, genetically complex types of migraine, there are a few rare monogenic migraine variants. The prototype is familial hemiplegic migraine (FHM), a severe subtype of migraine with aura, for which three causative genes (FHM1–3), all of which are involved in ion translocation in the CNS, have been identified. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the clinical symptomatology, (differential) diagnosis, treatment, genetics, and pathophysiology of FHM. Clinically and genetically overlapping disorders, such as episodic ataxia type 2 (EA-2), spinocerebellar ataxia type 6 (SCA-6) and alternating hemiplegia of childhood (AHC) are briefly discussed, and novel genes which have been occasionally associated with HM or migraine are critically evaluated. Finally, monogenic (vascular) syndromes, in which migraine is part of the phenotypic spectrum, are discussed.     

Localization of germin genes and their products in developing wheat coleoptiles

Germination is a process which characterized with nescient synthesis of genes. Among the genes synthesized during the germination of wheat embryos, germin genes, proteins and their enzymatic activity were defined. Germin is a water soluble homopentameric glycoprotein which is remarkable resistant to degradation by a broad range of proteases including pepsin. Germin proteins found to have strong oxalate oxidase activity which produces hydrogen peroxide by degrading oxalic acid. The current study, aimed to localize the germin genes, proteins and enzymatic activities in developing coleoptiles which is a rapidly growing protective tissue of leaf primordium and shoot apex. Non-radioactively labeled germin riboprobes were employed to localize germin mRNAs in situ. FITC (Fluorescein isothiocyanate) and alkaline phosphatase linked anti-germin antibodies were used to localize germin proteins under the fluorescence and light microscopy and finally germin enzymatic activity was localized by using appropriate enzyme assay. The results revealed that in coleoptiles germin genes, proteins and their enzymatic activity were predominantly associated with the cells of epidermis and vascular bundle sheath cells.     

Der Mann aus dem Eis

New scientific findings on the Iceman The Iceman, commonly referred to as Ötzi, is the world's oldest glacier mummy and one of the best studied ancient humans in the world. Since the discovery of the 5300-year-old Copper Age individual in 1991, at the Tisenjoch in the Eastern Italian Alps, a variety of morphological, radiological, and molecular analyses have been applied that revealed important insights into his ancestry, his life habits and the circumstances surrounding his violent death. In more recent research, the mummy was subjected to modern research methodologies focusing on high-throughput sequence analysis of ancient biomolecules (DNA, proteins, lipids) that are still found to be preserved in his mummified tissues. Thereby, a genetic predisposition for increased risk for coronary heart disease and the stomach pathogen Helicobacter pylori were detected. This application of innovative “-omics” technologies have allowed the reconstruction of his last meal, that was mainly composed of fat and game meat from wild animals supplemented with cereals from einkorn.     

Beckwith-Wiedemann-Syndrom

The Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) is a pediatric overgrowth syndrome with a variable clinical appearance. The phenotype normalizes with age but the diagnosis of BWS is important as syndrome-specific complications may develop, in particular as a result of a 400-fold increased risk of patients developing certain tumor entities, predominantly nephroblastomas (Wilms’ tumors) and hepatoblastomas, within the first years of life. BWS displays a clinical overlap with other syndromes so that an unambiguous molecular diagnostic is required for risk assessment and appropriate therapy. At the molecular level BWS is associated with the chromosomal region 11p15.5, where two clusters with imprinted genes are located. In patients both genetic mutations and in most cases aberrant DNA methylation can be observed, which pathogenically affect the gene dosage of functionally available monoallelically expressed 11p15.5 genes. Currently only a very incomplete genotype-phenotype correlation exists for BWS. Current research projects provide insights in the molecular etiopathogenesis of the syndrome by identifying interacting partners which modify the epigenetic regulation of imprinted 11p15.5-genes.     

The innervation of the uterus in Salamandra salamandra (L.) (Amphibia,Urodela)

The innervation of the uterus in the ovoviviparous urodele Salamandra salamandra was studied. In whole mount preparations of the thin-walled uterus of pregnant females, a dense adrenergic network was demonstrated using a modified glyoxylic acid fluorescence technique. Based on vesicle type and cytochemical reactivity after chromate/dichromate fixation for electron microscopy at least two types of neural process were distinguished and classified as adrenergic and cholinergic. Both types are preferentially situated above or between the smooth muscles of the uterine tissue. Adjacent to the muscles in the walls of arterioles mainly adrenergic fibers are seen. Using high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection in tissue homogenates of uterus a considerable amount of noradrenaline could be identified. The significance of the dense innervation is discussed with respect to the function of the uterus during pregnancy and birth.