敲除Meq基因的重组鸡马立克氏病毒与CVI988/Rispens疫苗株免疫保护效力的比较

【目的】比较敲除meq基因的马立克氏病毒(MDV)与标准疫苗株CVI988/Rispens对MDV超强毒GX0101攻毒的免疫保护作用。【方法】本实验将1日龄SPF鸡120只随机分成4组,每组30只,分别饲养在正压过滤空气的SPF动物饲养隔离罩内。1日龄时,第1组鸡以2000PFU/只的剂量颈部皮下接种SC9-1;第2组鸡以2000PFU/只的剂量颈部皮下接种CVI988/Rispens;第3、4组为不免疫攻毒对照组。免疫接种后5 d后,第1、2、3组分别以2000PFU/只的剂量腹腔接种MDV GX0101。饲养至90日龄,记录死亡情况,对死亡鸡只剖检,并取疑似马立克特有病变脏器做病理切片。期间,检测不同免疫状态下病毒GX0101的增殖动态以及禽流感、新城疫灭活苗在鸡体诱导产生抗体的水平。对含有MDV母源抗体的海蓝褐鸡的试验方案与SPF鸡一致。【结果】SC9-1株免疫对感染MDV GX0101攻击SPF鸡、海兰褐鸡均提供100%的免疫保护作用;CVI988/Rispens对SPF鸡、海兰褐鸡分别提供86.7%、93%的免疫保护作用。未免疫SPF鸡攻毒组死亡率为53.3%,肿瘤率为16.7%;未免疫海兰褐鸡攻毒组死亡率为36.7%,肿瘤率为6.67%;相比,空白对照组鸡只没有任何病变及死亡。荧光定量结果显示,淋巴细胞和羽毛囊DNA中,SC9-1免疫组鸡体内GX0101的病毒拷贝数显著低于CVI988/Rispens免疫组。血凝抑制试验结果显示,SC9-1免疫攻毒组鸡的产生的AIV、NDV抗体水平高于CVI988/Rispens免疫攻毒组。【结论】SC9-1株免疫无论在SPF鸡还是含有MDV母源抗体的海兰褐鸡均能提供比CVI988/Rispens更好的免疫保护效果。     

模拟降水量变化对荒漠草原土壤酶活性的影响及其相关因素分析

为明确荒漠草原土壤酶活性对降水格局改变的响应机制, 该研究基于宁夏荒漠草原降水量不同梯度变化(减少50%、减少30%、自然降水、增加30%和增加50%)的野外试验(2014年开始试验), 于2016年5-7月采样, 测定分析不同降水梯度2年后对土壤酶活性的影响, 并分析酶活性与植物生物量、微生物生物量C∶N∶P生态化学计量特征以及土壤理化性质的关系。结果表明: (1)与自然降水量相比, 减少30%降水量对3种土壤酶活性均无显著影响, 减少50%降水量显著降低了土壤蔗糖酶活性(^P < 0.05); 增加降水量显著提高了土壤蔗糖酶和磷酸酶活性(^P < 0.05), 但对脲酶活性无显著影响。(2)减少降水量对植物生物量影响较小(尤其减少30%降水量), 但不同程度地降低了微生物生物量C、N、P, 提高了微生物生物量C∶N和C∶P; 增加降水量则不同程度提高了植物生物量及微生物生物量C、N、P。(3)土壤蔗糖酶和磷酸酶活性随植物及微生物生物量增加而增加; 对土壤酶活性影响显著的土壤因子包括: 含水量、NO₃^- N、NH₄⁺ N、C∶P、有机C、全N、C∶N和pH (P < 0.05)。研究认为, 减少降水量(尤其是减少30%降水量)对土壤酶活性影响较小, 增加降水量促进了植物的生长、刺激微生物活性, 进而提高了土壤酶活性, 但随着植物生物量增加, 土壤有机C输入增多, 磷酸酶活性相应增强并促进了有机P的矿化, 导致土壤微生物P限制增加。     

侵染新疆甜菜的两种病毒分离物的研究

在新疆甜菜的根部和叶片分离到两个球状病毒分离物。从病毒形态、生物学及物化性质等研究结果证明这两个分离物实是一种病毒。病毒粒体力２０面体,直径约２８ｎｍ,回接到甜菜上产生环斑和沿脉线纹最后形成坏死斑。此外还侵染苋色藜,昆诺阿黎,番杏,菠菜等,引起局部坏死斑。在普通烟,心叶烟,菜豆,黄瓜,蕃茄上无症状侵染,病毒致死温度为７０℃,１０分钟。体外存括期１３天以上,冻干病叶７年后仍有侵染力。通过ＰＥＧ沉淀、差速离心、琼脂糖柱层析及蔗糖梯度离心,可得到较高浓度的纯化病毒,病毒的紫外吸收最低值在２４５ｎｍ,最高值在２６０ｎｍ。经ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ测定,病毒外壳蛋白的分子量为２．７×１０￣４道尔顿,病毒基因组核酸为三个组份,分子量分别为３．０８ｋｂ,１．２８ｋｂ和０．８５ｋｂ。在琼脂双扩散实验中,能与番茄黑环病毒（ＴＢＲＶ）抗血清产生较弱的沉淀线,与黄瓜花叶病毒（ＣＷＶ）、烟草环斑病毒（ＴＲＳＶ）、烟草坏死病毒（ＴＮＶ）、香石竹环斑病毒（ＣａＲＳＶ）的抗血清不发生反应。     

Mesenchymal stem cells modified with angiopoietin-1 improve remodeling in a rat model of acute myocardial infarction

We used human angiopoietin-1 (hAng1)-modified mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to treat acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in rats. The hAng1 gene was transfected into cultured rat MSCs using an adenoviral vector. Five million hAng-transfected MSCs (MSC(Ang1)) or green fluorescent protein transfected MSCs (MSC(GFP)) or PBS only (PBS group) were injected intramyocardially into the inbred Lewis rat hearts immediately after myocardial infarction. MSC(Ang1) survived in the infarcted myocardium, and expressed hAng1 at both mRNA and protein levels. The vascular density was higher in the MSC(Ang1) and MSC(GFP) groups than in the PBS group. The measurements of infarcted ventricular wall thickness, infarction area, and left ventricular diameter indicated that heart remodeling was inhibited and heart function was improved in both the MSC(Ang1) and MSC(GFP) groups. However, in contrast to the MSC(GFP) group, the MSC(Ang1) group showed enhanced angiogenesis and arteriogenesis (by 11-35%), infarction area was reduced by 30% and the left ventricular wall was 46% thicker (P<0.05). The results indicated that hAng1-modified MSCs improved heart function, followed by angiogenic effects in salvaging ischemic myocardium and reduced cardiac remodeling.     

CS3菌毛抗原和霍乱毒素B亚基在人伤寒菌中的表达

通过体内外重组的方法,构建了人伤寒菌流行株Ｔｙ２的△ａｒｏＡ,△ａｒｏＣ和ａｓｄ＾－基因缺失突变体（ＲＳ４１７）作为抗原载体菌：同时,构建包含ａｓｄ基因的表达质粒ｐＹＸ１０２,与ＲＳ４１７一起,构成宿主－载全平衡致死系统,用于在没有抗生素条件选择的情况下,稳定表达克隆在表达质粒上的外源抗原基因,将肠毒素性大肠杆菌的菌毛抗原ＩＩＩ（ＣＳ３）基因和霍乱弧菌毒素Ｂ亚基（ＣＴＢ）基因分别克隆至ｐＹＸ１０２     

Spatial-temporal expression of pum1 and pum2 in medaka Oryzias latipes

Two pumilios, pum1 and pum2, were identified in medaka Oryzias latipes. Oryzias latipes pum1 and pum2 are ubiquitous in the adult tissues but with specific expression in the germ cells of gonads, ovary and testis. Pum1 is expressed in the spermatogonia to spermatocytes whilst pum2 presents in spermatocytes of testis only. Oryzias latipes pum1 and pum2 are maternally supplied RNA with ubiquitous expression in the early stages, and embryonic expression of pum1 and pum2 may begin from early gastrula. Both pum1 and pum2 are expressed in the tissues including brain, eye and trunk, and both are expressed in the gonads after hatching. Taken together, Pum1 and Pum2 may play important roles in embryonic and germ cell development of O. latipes.     

陕西食源性沙门氏菌耐药及相关基因

【目的】研究食源性沙门氏菌对常用抗生素的药敏性及相关耐药基因,更好的了解耐药性的产生和传播途径,确保食品安全。【方法】使用the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute推荐的琼脂稀释法测定沙门氏菌的药敏性,PCR和基因序列测定方法确定耐药沙门氏菌中整合子及其携带的耐药基因、与头孢菌素抗性相关的基因、沙门氏菌基因岛及与氟喹诺酮类抗生素耐药相关的基因突变。【结果】359株沙门氏菌中,67%的菌株对磺胺甲恶唑产生抗性,对甲氧苄啶/磺胺甲恶唑、四环素、卡那霉素、萘啶酮酸、氨苄西林、阿莫西林/克拉维酸、链霉素、氯霉素和庆大霉素、环丙沙星、头孢曲松、头孢西丁和头孢哌酮的耐药率分别为58%、56%、37%、35%、33%、32%、29%、26%、21%、16%、9%和8%。284株耐药菌中,79%的菌株可抗至少1种抗生素,25.9%可抗10种以上抗生素,2.5%可抗14种抗生素。耐药的Ⅰ类整合子以1.4kb最为常见,携带的耐药基因有aadA1、aadA2、aadA5、tetR、blaPSE-1、blaDHA-1、blaVEB-1、dhfrⅠ、dhfrⅤ、dhfrⅦ和dhfr17等。62株耐头孢曲松和/或头孢哌酮的沙门氏菌中,blaTEM和blaCMY-2基因的检出率分别为51.6%和56.5%。13.6%的沙门氏菌中检出了沙门氏菌基因岛。35株耐氟喹诺酮类抗生素的沙门氏菌的gyrA、parC和parE基因中共检出68个点突变,gyrA基因中常见突变为Ser83Phe、Ser83Tyr、Asp87Gly和Asp87Asn,parC基因中为Ser80Arg。parE基因中检出了Lys441Ile、Lys428Gln、Asp494Asn、Lys428Gln和Gly442Ser突变,这些点突变均为首次在食源性沙门氏菌中检出。【结论】陕西食源性沙门氏菌耐药状况严重,整合子、沙门氏菌基因岛和β-内酰胺酶编码基因的存在及解旋酶和拓扑异构酶基因突变是导致沙门氏菌耐药的重要机制。     

Identification of tumor metastasisrelated gene TMSG-1 by mRNA differential display

To investigate genes involved in cancer metastasis, mRNA differential display was used to compare the levels of gene expression of two cancer sublines derived from prostate carcinoma cell PC-3M that had different metastatic potentials. The differentially expressed genes were confirmed by Northern blot, and sequenced. The full-length cDNA of a tumor metastasis suppressor gene (TMSG-1) was obtained by using EST assembling and verified by RT-PCR and sequencing. The results showed that expression levels of TMSG-1 were lower in the highly metastatic cell line 1E8, compared with the non-metastatic cell line 2B4. The difference was significant. Full-length cDNA of TMSG-1 was about 2 kb, containing an open reading frame that encoded a protein of 230 amino acids. GenBank Blastn showed no marked homology with known genes. The functional prediction of amino acids sequence encoded by TMSG-1 gene indicated TMSG-1 protein was transmembrane protein, with 3 transmembrane domains, 3 putative protein kinase phosphorylatio