Intrinsic competition between two European egg parasitoids of the brown marmorated stink bug

Following the accidental introduction and spread of the invasive polyphagous agricultural pest Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), the two European egg parasitoids Anastatus bifasciatus (Geoffroy) (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae) and Ooencyrtus telenomicida (Vassiliev) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) have been investigated for inundative biological control. Since the competititve outcome between the two generalist parasitoids is difficult to predict, intrinsic competition was investigated with a time-course development study. Both species readily oviposited in H. halys eggs containing eggs and early instar larvae of the competitor, but oviposition decreased when eggs contained late instar larvae and pupae. Ooencyrtus telenomicida offspring emergence from multiparasitized eggs was significantly lower than that from rearing controls, independent of the order of parasitization. Anastatus bifasciatus offspring emergence was not influenced by the presence of O. telenomicida when it parasitized as the first species, but emergence was decreased after oviposition in eggs containing O. telenomicida larvae and pupae. There was no indication that O. telenomicida can act as a facultative hyperparasitoid of A. bifasciatus. These results suggest that A. bifasciatus is the superior intrinsic competitor and no or minor negative implications for A. bifasciatus are expected if released in combination with O. telenomicida.     

From endosperm to triploid plants: a stepwise characterization of the de novo shoot organogenesis and morpho-agronomic aspects of an ornamental passion fruit (Passiflora foetida L.)

Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC) - Somaclonal variation during in vitro culture is often an undesirable phenomenon but may also be a source of genetic variation useful for breeders. The...     

S-adenosylmethionine induces mitochondrial dysfunction,permeability transition pore opening and redox imbalance in subcellular preparations of rat liver

Journal of Bioenergetics and Biomembranes - S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) predominantly accumulates in tissues and biological fluids of patients affected by liver dysmethylating diseases,...     

Increased Retinal Ganglion Cell Survival by Exogenous IL-2 Depends on IL-10, Dopamine D1 Receptors,and Classical IL-2/IL-2R Signaling Pathways

Neurochemical Research - Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a classical pro-inflammatory cytokine known to display neuroprotective roles in the central nervous system including the retina. In the present...     

The pollination seesaw of Rhynchospora cephalotes (L.) Vahl (Cyperaceae): Influence of plant location on the role of wind and insects as pollen vectors

Ambophily (wind and insect pollination) has been reported for some genera of the typically wind-pollinated family Cyperaceae, including the genus Rhynchospora. The significance of wind and insect pollination can vary, depending on local microclimatic conditions. Rhynchospora cephalotes is an ambophilous species that can grow under different environmental conditions, either along forest edges or inside forest fragments. This study, therefore, tests the hypothesis that (a) there is greater contribution by wind than insects to fruit set of the individuals at the forest edge and (b) there is greater contribution by insects than wind to fruit set of the individuals inside the forest. Field work was carried out in a fragment of Atlantic Forest in northeastern Brazil. We quantified the number of visits by insects, wind velocity and the reproductive success (fruit set) of R. cephalotes provided by wind and insects through exclusion experiments performed at the edge of and inside the forest. We observed a greater number of visits per day by pollinating bees to individuals inside the forest (36.83 ± 7.46) than to individuals at the edge (16.66 ± 6.53). The wind speed was significantly higher at the edge (1.71 ± 0.46 m/s) than inside the forest (0.97 ± 0.18 m/s). Bees and wind are both pollen vectors of R. cephalotes, but bees were the pollen vector that contributed most to fruit set (63.3%) for individuals inside the forest, whereas wind was the primary vector for individuals at the forest edge (76.6%). This seesaw in importance of each pollen vector in the two different environments guarantees high fruit set in R. cephalotes under different microclimatic conditions.     

Integration of life cycle assessment into a decision support system for selecting sustainable road asphalt pavement mixtures prepared with waste

The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment - A challenge that the road paving sector is facing concerns the achievement of highly performing bituminous asphalt mixture solutions that do not...     

AAI to DDD pacing mode inappropriate switches in a dual chamber pacemaker due to ventricular blanking period

A 90-year-old woman received a dual chamber pacemaker (PM) for a sick sinus syndrome. The PM was programmed with SafeR AAI-DD pacing mode at 60 bpm. During a standard follow up, some memorized electrograms (EGMs) were found in SafeR diagnostics, with atrial pacing (Ap) not followed by any ventricular sensing/pacing event, due to simultaneous junctional activity falling into ventricular blanking period during Ap and, for this reason, unsensed by the PM. Blanking periods can affect PM functioning if not revealed and adjusted.