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11.
Kang Yun Hee Ji Na Young Lee Chung Il Lee Hee Gu Kim Jae Wha Yeom Young IL Kim Dae Ghon Yoon Seung Kew Kim Jong Wan Park Pil Je Song Eun Young 《Amino acids》2011,40(3):1003-1013
Amino Acids - Endothelial cell-specific molecule-1 (ESM-1) is a secretory proteoglycan comprising a mature polypeptide of 165 amino acids and a single dermatan sulfate. The aim of this study was to... 相似文献
12.
Michael G. Cripps Graeme W. Bourdôt David J. Saville Hariet L. Hinz Simon V. Fowler Grant R. Edwards 《Biological invasions》2011,13(12):2739-2754
Introduced weeds are hypothesized to be invasive in their exotic ranges due to release from natural enemies. Cirsium arvense (Californian, Canada, or creeping thistle) is a weed of Eurasian origin that was inadvertently introduced to New Zealand
(NZ), where it is presently one of the worst invasive weeds. We tested the ‘enemy release hypothesis’ (ERH) by establishing
natural enemy exclusion plots in both the native (Europe) and introduced (NZ) ranges of C. arvense. We followed the development and fate of individually labelled shoots and recorded recruitment of new shoots into the population
over two years. Natural enemy exclusion had minimal impact on shoot height and relative growth rate in either range. However,
natural enemies did have a significant effect on shoot population growth and development in the native range, supporting the
ERH. In year one, exclusion of insect herbivores increased mean population growth by 2.1–3.6 shoots m−2, and in year two exclusion of pathogens increased mean population growth by 2.7–4.1 shoots m−2. Exclusion of insect herbivores in the native range also increased the probability of shoots developing from the budding
to the reproductive growth stage by 4.0× in the first year, and 13.4× in the second year; but exclusion of pathogens had no
effect on shoot development in either year. In accordance with the ERH, exclusion of insect herbivores and pathogens did not
benefit shoot development or population growth in the introduced range. In either range, we found no evidence for an additive
benefit of dual exclusion of insects and pathogens, and in no case was there an interaction between insect and pathogen exclusion.
This study further demonstrates the value of conducting manipulative experiments in the native and introduced ranges of an
invasive plant to elucidate invasion mechanisms. 相似文献
13.
14.
Adam Dangoor Paul Lorigan Ulrich Keilholz Dirk Schadendorf Adrian Harris Christian Ottensmeier John Smyth Klaus Hoffmann Richard Anderson Martin Cripps Joerg Schneider Robert Hawkins 《Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII》2010,59(6):863-873
Background
Safety and cellular immunogenicity of rising doses and varying regimens of a poly-epitope vaccine were evaluated in advanced metastatic melanoma. The vaccine comprised plasmid DNA and recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) both expressing a string (Mel3) of seven HLA.A2/A1 epitopes from five melanoma antigens.Methods
Forty-one HLA-A2 positive patients with stage III/IV melanoma were enrolled. Patient groups received one or two doses of DNA.Mel3 followed by escalating doses of MVA.Mel3. Immunisations then continued eight weekly in the absence of disease progression. Epitope-specific CD8+ T cell responses were evaluated using ex-vivo tetramer and IFN-γ ELISPOT assays. Safety and clinical responses were monitored.Results
Prime-boost DNA/MVA induced Melan-A-specific CD8+ T cell responses in 22/31 (71%) patients detected by tetramer assay. ELISPOT detected a response to at least one epitope in 10/31 (32%) patients. T cell responder rates were <50% with low-dose DNA/MVA, or MVA alone, rising to 91% with high-dose DNA/MVA. Among eight patients showing evidence of clinical benefit—one PR (24 months+), five SD (5 months+) and two mixed responses—seven had associated immune responses. Melan-A-tetramer+ immunity was associated with a median 8-week increase in time-to-progression (P = 0.037) and 71 week increase in survival (P = 0.0002) compared to non-immunity. High-dose vaccine was well tolerated. The only significant toxicities were flu-like symptoms and injection-site reactions.Conclusions
DNA.Mel3 and MVA.Mel3 in a prime-boost protocol generated high rates of immune response to melanoma antigen epitopes. The treatment was well tolerated and the correlation of immune responses with patient outcomes encourages further investigation. 相似文献15.
16.
Fruit size: Towards an understanding of the metabolic control of fruit growth using avocado as a model system 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
A. Keith Cowan Ryan F. Cripps Evelyn W. Richings Nicky J. Taylor 《Physiologia plantarum》2001,111(2):127-136
Final fruit size is the consequence of complex metabolic events that occur between fruit set and maturation. Disruption of these biochemical and molecular processes at any stage during fruit growth will impact on final fruit size. Because fruit size is a function of cell number rather than cell size, factors affecting cell division cycle activity assume importance. In this paper, we focus attention on the metabolic control of fruit growth using avocado as a model system. Three areas of current interest are highlighted, viz. the contribution by isoprenoid metabolism in the control of cell proliferation, the role played by carbohydrate content and composition in signalling changes in metabolite status and gene expression and maintenance of plant hormone homeostasis. Central to the process of fruit growth and control of final fruit size by cell division is 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGR) and activity of the sucrose non-fermenting 1-related protein kinase (SnRK1) complex. It is argued that sugar content and composition of sink cells impact on SnRK1 (and hexokinase) to modulate expression of sugar-metabolizing enzymes, HMGR and molybdenum cofactor (MoCo)-containing enzymes. These changes, in turn, impact on hormone metabolism by affecting allocation of the purine-derived MoCo to aldehyde oxidase and thus the endogenous concentration of indole-3-acetic acid, abscisic acid and cytokinin (CK) to alter plant hormone homeostasis. These aspects are integrated into a model to explain the metabolic control of avocado fruit growth and final fruit size. 相似文献
17.
A soil perfusion apparatus 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
18.
Samuel Gee John Langton Dyce Duckworth Harrison Cripps T. Lauder Brunton W. Bruce Clarke Norman Moore Anthony Bowlby Samuel West C. B. Lockwood J. A. Ormerod D'Arcy Power W. P. Herringham H. J. Waring H. H. Tooth W. McAdam Eccles A. E. Garrod R. C. Bailey James Calvert W. H. H. Jessop F. H. Champneys T. Holmes Spicer W. S. A. Griffith A. E. Cumberbatch 《BMJ (Clinical research ed.)》1903,2(2242):1622-1623
19.
Elisa M. LaBeau Damian L. Trujillo Richard M. Cripps 《Mechanisms of development》2009,126(5-6):478-486
Cardiac specification models are widely utilized to provide insight into the expression and function of homologous genes and structures in humans. In Drosophila, contractions of the alary muscles control hemolymph inflow and support the cardiac tube, however embryonic development of these muscles remain largely understudied. We found that alary muscles in Drosophila embryos appear as segmental pairs, attaching dorsally at the seven-up (svp) expressing pericardial cells along the cardiac dorsal vessel, and laterally to the body wall. Normal patterning of alary muscles along the dorsal vessel was found to be a function of the Bithorax Complex genes abdominal-A (abd-A) and Ultrabithorax (Ubx) but not of the orphan nuclear receptor gene svp. Ectopic expression of either abd-A or Ubx resulted in an increase in the number of alary muscle pairs from seven to 10, and also produced a general elongation of the dorsal vessel. A single knockout of Ubx resulted in a reduced number of alary muscles. Double knockouts of both Ubx and abd-A prevented alary muscles from developing normally and from attaching to the dorsal vessel. These studies demonstrate an additional facet of muscle development that depends upon the Hox genes, and define for the first time mechanisms that impact development of this important subset of muscles. 相似文献
20.
Michael G. Cripps Grant R. Edwards Graeme W. Bourdôt David J. Saville Hariet L. Hinz Simon V. Fowler 《Plant Ecology》2010,209(1):123-134
Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. (Californian, Canada, or creeping thistle) is an exotic perennial herb indigenous to Eurasia that successfully
established in New Zealand (NZ) approximately 130 years ago. Presently, C. arvense is considered one of the worst invasive weeds in NZ arable and pastoral productions systems. A mechanism commonly invoked
to explain the apparent increased vigour of introduced weeds is release from natural enemies. The enemy-release hypothesis
(ERH) predicts that plants in an introduced range should experience reduced herbivory, particularly from specialists, and
that release from this natural enemy pressure facilitates increased plant performance in the introduced range. In 2007, surveys
were carried out in 13 populations in NZ (7 in the North Island and 6 in the South Island) and in 12 populations in central
Europe to quantify and compare growth characteristics of C. arvense in its native versus introduced range. Altitude and mean annual precipitation for each population were used as covariates
in an attempt to explain differences or similarities in plant traits among ranges. All plant traits varied significantly among
populations within a range. Shoot dry weight was greater in the South Island compared to Europe, which is in line with the
prediction of increased plant performance in the introduced range; however, this was explained by environmental conditions.
Contrary to expectations, the North Island was not different from Europe for all plant traits measured, and after adjustment
for covariates showed decreased shoot density and dry weight compared to the native range. Therefore, environmental factors
appear to be more favourable for growth of C. arvense in both the North and South Islands. In accordance with the ERH, there was significantly greater endophagous herbivory in
the capitula and stems of shoots in Europe compared to both NZ ranges. In NZ, capitulum attack from Rhinocyllus conicus was found only in the North Island, and no stem-mining attack was found anywhere in NZ. Thus, although C. arvense experiences significantly reduced natural enemy pressure in both the North and South Islands of NZ there is no evidence that
it benefits from this enemy release. 相似文献