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51.
52.
The objective of our work has been the microencapsulation of dyes with lecithin from soybean, with the formation of liposomes, as a substitute for synthetic auxiliaries so as to improve the quality of the effluent. Current scenarios promote the disintegration and leakage of the liposomes, such as, changes in temperature, pH and the use of surfactants. Since dyeing process is a mix of all these parameters, we pretended to study each one separately. Rhodamine 6G fluorescence is known to be concentration quenched through the formation of non-fluorescent dimmers and, additionally, through the energy transfer from rhodamine monomer to these dimmers (Baptista ALF, Coutinho PJG, Real Oliveira MECD, Gomes JINR. Proceedings of 13th International Symposium of Surfactants, SIS 2000, Gainesville, USA, 2000). The temperature, the surfactant and pH induce a release of the encapsulated dye resulting in rhodamine dilution and consequently alterations in the dimerization/binding equilibrium. The experimental spectra indicate that rhodamine binds almost completely to liposomes. The decomposition of the rhodamine fluorescence spectra allowed us to determine the percentage of released dye during a simulated dyeing process, and allowed us to conclude that the dimerization process occurs mainly at the inner interfaces. The amount of dye released induced by temperature changes was greater in the presence of surfactant. 相似文献
53.
The polyphemusins present in the hemocytes of the horsechoe crab and their structurally modified analogs have been shown to exhibit activity against HIV-1. Among the many variants, T22 ([Tyr(5,12), Lys(7)]-polyphemusin II), and its shorter and more potent analog, T140 [Arg(1)-Arg-2-Nal-Cys-Tyr(5)-Arg-Lys-D-Lys-Pro-Tyr(10)-Arg-Cit-Cys-Arg(14)] (Polyphemusin II-derived peptide), affect the HIV-cell fusion process and inhibit the T-cell line-tropic (T-tropic) HIV-1 infection. Conformational studies of polyphemusin II derived peptide have been carried out by (1)H and (13)C 2D-NMR and MD simulations in water and HFA (40%). The NMR parameters of chemical shift, temperature coefficients of the NH chemical shifts, (3)JNHalpha coupling constants and the pattern of nOe's were used to deduce the structural characteristics. Solution structures were generated using dihedral and distance restraints by MD simulations. The structures are characterized by a dominant family possessing an anti-parallel beta-pleated sheet that is constrained by the disulphide bridge between Cys4 and Cys13. The two strands of the beta-sheet are joined by a Type II' beta-turn spanning the residues Lys(7)-D-Lys(8)-Pro(9)-Tyr(10). This conformation is present in both water and HFA. The only difference in the two structures is that the beta-strands are more cohesive in HFA being firmly held by H-bonds. The solution structures generated from MD simulations were refined by MARDIGRAS to R-factors of 0.44 and 0.57 in water and HFA respectively. The conformation deduced for T140 is very similar to that reported for T22 and is thought to be associated with their anti HIV activity. 相似文献
54.
Rafii B Coutinho C Otulakowski G O'Brodovich H 《American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology》2000,278(2):L399-L406
Fetal distal lung epithelial (FDLE) cells exposed to a postnatal O(2) concentration of 21% have higher epithelial Na(+) channel (ENaC) mRNA levels and Na(+) transport relative to FDLE cells grown in a fetal O(2) concentration of 3%. To investigate the mechanism of this process, FDLE monolayers were initially cultured in 3% O(2), and then some were switched to a 21% O(2) environment. Incubation of FDLE cells with the iron chelator deferoxamine, CoCl(2), NiCl(2), or an inhibitor of heme synthesis prevented or diminished the O(2) induction of amiloride-sensitive short-circuit current in FDLE cells. Similarly, defer- oxamine and cobalt prevented O(2)-induced ENaC mRNA expression. Exposure of FDLE cells grown under hypoxic conditions to carbon monoxide increased both ENaC mRNA expression and amiloride-sensitive short-circuit current. We therefore concluded that induction of ENaC mRNA expression and amiloride-sensitive Na(+) transport in FDLE cells by a physiological increase in O(2) concentration seen at birth requires iron and heme proteins. 相似文献
55.
Reina-San-Martín B Degrave W Rougeot C Cosson A Chamond N Cordeiro-Da-Silva A Arala-Chaves M Coutinho A Minoprio P 《Nature medicine》2000,6(8):890-897
Lymphocyte polyclonal activation is a generalized mechanism of immune evasion among pathogens. In a mouse model of Trypanosoma cruzi infection (American trypanosomiasis), reduced levels of polyclonal lymphocyte responses correlate with resistance to infection and cardiopathy. We report here the characterization of a parasite protein with B-cell mitogenic properties in culture supernatants of infective forms, the cloning of the corresponding gene and the analysis of the biological properties of its product. We characterized the protein as a co-factor-independent proline racemase, and show that its expression as a cytoplasmic and/or membrane-associated protein is life-stage specific. Inhibition studies indicate that availability of the racemase active site is necessary for mitogenic activity. This is the first report to our knowledge of a eukaryotic amino acid racemase gene. Our findings have potential consequences for the development of new immune therapies and drug design against pathogens. 相似文献
56.
Increased cell division but not thymic dysfunction rapidly affects the T-cell receptor excision circle content of the naive T cell population in HIV-1 infection 总被引:29,自引:0,他引:29
Hazenberg MD Otto SA Cohen Stuart JW Verschuren MC Borleffs JC Boucher CA Coutinho RA Lange JM Rinke de Wit TF Tsegaye A van Dongen JJ Hamann D de Boer RJ Miedema F 《Nature medicine》2000,6(9):1036-1042
Recent thymic emigrants can be identified by T cell receptor excision circles (TRECs) formed during T-cell receptor rearrangement. Decreasing numbers of TRECs have been observed with aging and in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infected individuals, suggesting thymic impairment. Here, we show that in healthy individuals, declining thymic output will affect the TREC content only when accompanied by naive T-cell division. The rapid decline in TRECs observed during HIV-1 infection and the increase following HAART are better explained not by thymic impairment, but by changes in peripheral T-cell division rates. Our data indicate that TREC content in healthy individuals is only indirectly related to thymic output, and in HIV-1 infection is mainly affected by immune activation. 相似文献
57.
Protective effect of L-arginine against lipid peroxidation in goat epididymal spermatozoa 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Srivastava S Desai P Coutinho E Govil G 《Physiological chemistry and physics and medical NMR》2000,32(2):127-135
L-arginine plays an important role in physiology of spermatozoa and is shown to enhance the metabolism of these cells. We report here the effect of L-arginine on membrane lipid peroxidation of goat epididymal spermatozoa. Both natural peroxidation as well as that induced by UV radiation, freezing and oxidizing agents have been studied. Irrespective of the nature of induction of peroxidation, L-arginine reduces the extent of lipid peroxidation in a concentration dependent manner. Both L-arginine and alpha-tocopherol act synergistically in protecting against lipid peroxidation induced by the above methods. Thus, in order to provide protection against lipid peroxidation, L-arginine may be added in media used to preserve spermatozoa. 相似文献
58.
Detection of intracytoplasmic cytokines by flow cytometry 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Santiago MA Luca PM Bertho AL Azeredo-Coutinho RB Coutinho SG 《Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz》2000,95(3):401-402
Flow cytometry has been used as a powerful technique for studying cell surface antigen expression as well as intracellular molecules. Its capability of analyzing multiple parameters simultaneously on a single cell has allowed identification and studies of functional cell subsets within heterogeneous populations. In this respect, several techniques have been developed during the past few years to study cytokine-producing cells by flow cytometry in humans and several animal models. 相似文献
59.
Seasonal variability in grazing rates and food-processing characters were assessed for three abundant fishes in a tropical rocky shore: the damselfish Stegastes fuscus , the parrotfish Sparisoma atomarium , and the surgeonfish Acanthurus bahianus . Significant differences were found in grazing rates among hour of day and seasons, and in food-processing characters among seasons for the three fishes. Grazing rates for S. atomarium and A. bahianus peaked at 1300 and 1400 hours for S. fuscus . Three main periods of different intensity in bite rates, low, intermediate and intense, were identified for all fishes. As expected, total bite rates, ingestion rates and gut fullness were highest in A. bahianus , the largest species studied, followed by S. atomarium and S. fuscus. S. atomarium with fused jaw teeth, holds the highest bite size and S. fuscus the lowest one. Gut turnover was high for S. fuscus and similar for S. atomarium and A. bahianus . Grazing rates and food-processing characters seem to vary between seasons not only due to changes in temperature, but also affected by other factors. Fishes employ different food-processing mechanisms and bear some differences in food-processing characters to achieve optimal energetic supplies from a poor nutrient food resource. 相似文献
60.
Candidate gene analysis of GH1 for effects on growth and carcass composition of cattle 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
J. F. Taylor L. L. Coutinho K. L. Herring D. S. Gallagher R. A. Brenneman N. Burney J. O. Sanders J. W. Turner S. B. Smith R. K. Miller J. W. Savell & S. K. Davis 《Animal genetics》1998,29(3):194-201
We present an approach to evaluate the support for candidate genes as quantitative trait loci (QTLs) within the context of genome-wide map-based cloning strategies. To establish candidacy, a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clone containing a putative candidate gene is physically assigned to an anchored linkage map to localise the gone relative to an identified QTL effect. Microsatellite loci derived from BAC clones containing an established candidate gone are integrated into the linkage map facilitating the evaluation by interval analysis of the statistical support for QTL identity. Permutation analysis is employed to determine experiment-wise statistical support. The approach is illustrated for the growth hormone 1 ( GH1 ) gene and growth and carcass phenotypes in cattle. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers which amplify a 441 bp fragment of GH1 were used to systematically screen a bovine BAC library comprising 60 000 clones and with a 95% probability of containing a single copy sequence. The presence of GH1 in BAC-110R2C3 was confirmed by sequence analysis of the PCR product from this clone and by the physical assignment of BAC110R2C3 to bovine chromosome 19 (BTA19) band 22 by fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH). Microsatellite KHGH1 was isolated from BAC110R2C3 and scored in 529 reciprocal backcross and F2 fullsib progeny from 41 resource families derived from Angus ( Bos taurus ) and Brahman ( Bos indicus ). The microsatellite KHGH1 was incorporated into a framework genetic map of BTA19 comprising 12 microsatellite loci, the erythrocyte antigen T and a GH1-TaqI restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Interval analysis localised effects of taurus vs. indicus alleles on subcutaneous fat and the percentage of ether extractable fat from the longissimus dorsi muscle to the region of BTA19 harbouring GH1 . 相似文献