全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1376篇 |
免费 | 146篇 |
国内免费 | 1篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 12篇 |
2022年 | 20篇 |
2021年 | 60篇 |
2020年 | 28篇 |
2019年 | 26篇 |
2018年 | 44篇 |
2017年 | 39篇 |
2016年 | 51篇 |
2015年 | 94篇 |
2014年 | 84篇 |
2013年 | 104篇 |
2012年 | 133篇 |
2011年 | 112篇 |
2010年 | 76篇 |
2009年 | 53篇 |
2008年 | 78篇 |
2007年 | 58篇 |
2006年 | 61篇 |
2005年 | 56篇 |
2004年 | 43篇 |
2003年 | 37篇 |
2002年 | 38篇 |
2001年 | 6篇 |
2000年 | 12篇 |
1999年 | 8篇 |
1998年 | 9篇 |
1997年 | 4篇 |
1996年 | 4篇 |
1995年 | 10篇 |
1994年 | 5篇 |
1992年 | 16篇 |
1991年 | 6篇 |
1990年 | 14篇 |
1989年 | 9篇 |
1988年 | 8篇 |
1987年 | 9篇 |
1986年 | 5篇 |
1985年 | 8篇 |
1984年 | 7篇 |
1983年 | 10篇 |
1982年 | 10篇 |
1981年 | 5篇 |
1980年 | 5篇 |
1979年 | 5篇 |
1976年 | 5篇 |
1975年 | 4篇 |
1973年 | 3篇 |
1970年 | 4篇 |
1962年 | 2篇 |
1928年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有1523条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
61.
Michael A. Hardigan Emily Crisovan John P. Hamilton Jeongwoon Kim Parker Laimbeer Courtney P. Leisner Norma C. Manrique-Carpintero Linsey Newton Gina M. Pham Brieanne Vaillancourt Xueming Yang Zixian Zeng David S. Douches Jiming Jiang Richard E. Veilleux C. Robin Buell 《The Plant cell》2016,28(2):388-405
62.
63.
James R. Probert Catherine L. Parr Ricardo M. Holdo T. Michael Anderson Sally Archibald Colin J. Courtney Mustaphi Andrew P. Dobson Jason E. Donaldson Grant C. Hopcraft Gareth P. Hempson Thomas A. Morrison Colin M. Beale 《Global Change Biology》2019,25(10):3406-3423
Fire is a key driver in savannah systems and widely used as a land management tool. Intensifying human land uses are leading to rapid changes in the fire regimes, with consequences for ecosystem functioning and composition. We undertake a novel analysis describing spatial patterns in the fire regime of the Serengeti‐Mara ecosystem, document multidecadal temporal changes and investigate the factors underlying these patterns. We used MODIS active fire and burned area products from 2001 to 2014 to identify individual fires; summarizing four characteristics for each detected fire: size, ignition date, time since last fire and radiative power. Using satellite imagery, we estimated the rate of change in the density of livestock bomas as a proxy for livestock density. We used these metrics to model drivers of variation in the four fire characteristics, as well as total number of fires and total area burned. Fires in the Serengeti‐Mara show high spatial variability—with number of fires and ignition date mirroring mean annual precipitation. The short‐term effect of rainfall decreases fire size and intensity but cumulative rainfall over several years leads to increased standing grass biomass and fuel loads, and, therefore, in larger and hotter fires. Our study reveals dramatic changes over time, with a reduction in total number of fires and total area burned, to the point where some areas now experience virtually no fire. We suggest that increasing livestock numbers are driving this decline, presumably by inhibiting fire spread. These temporal patterns are part of a global decline in total area burned, especially in savannahs, and we caution that ecosystem functioning may have been compromised. Land managers and policy formulators need to factor in rapid fire regime modifications to achieve management objectives and maintain the ecological function of savannah ecosystems. 相似文献
64.
William T. Barker Courtney E. Chandler Roberta J. Melander Robert K. Ernst Christian Melander 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry》2019,27(9):1776-1788
The last three decades have seen a dwindling number of novel antibiotic classes approved for clinical use and a concurrent increase in levels of antibiotic resistance, necessitating alternative methods to combat the rise of multi-drug resistant bacteria. A promising strategy employs antibiotic adjuvants, non-toxic molecules that disarm antibiotic resistance. When co-dosed with antibiotics, these compounds restore antibiotic efficacy in drug-resistant strains. Herein we identify derivatives of tryptamine, a ubiquitous biochemical scaffold containing an indole ring system, capable of disarming colistin resistance in the Gram-negative bacterial pathogens Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli while having no inherent bacterial toxicity. Resistance was overcome in strains carrying endogenous chromosomally-encoded colistin resistance machinery, as well as resistance conferred by the mobile colistin resistance-1 (mcr-1) plasmid-borne gene. These compounds restore a colistin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) below the Clinical & Laboratory Sciences Institute (CLSI) breakpoint in all resistant strains. 相似文献
65.
Clinkenbeard Erica L. Turpin Courtney Jiang Jieyun Peterson Martha L. Spear Brett T. 《Mammalian genome》2019,30(7-8):226-236
Mammalian Genome - BALB/cJ mice exhibit considerable phenotypic differences with other BALB/c substrains. Some of these traits involve the liver, including persistent postnatal expression of genes... 相似文献
66.
Plant Ecology - Early seed production by non-native plants may be important to their successful establishment and spread. Understanding the mechanisms underlying age- or size-biased seed production... 相似文献
67.
In the post-natal growth plate, chondrocytes are arranged in columns parallel to the long axis of the bone. Chondrocytes divide perpendicular to this axis and then move into position one on top of another in a process called "rotation" that maintains columnar organization. Primary cilia are non-motile microtubule base appendages extending from the surface of almost all vertebrate cells. Primary cilia were described on chondrocytes almost 40 years ago but the function of these structures in cartilage biology is not known. Intraflagellar transport (IFT) is the process by which primary cilia are generated and maintained. This study tested the hypothesis that IFT plays an important role in post-natal skeletal development. Kif3a, a subunit of the Kinesin II motor complex, that is required for intraflagellar transport and the formation of cilia, was deleted in mouse chondrocytes via Col2a-Cre-mediated recombination. Disruption of IFT resulted in subsequent depletion of cilia and post-natal dwarfism due to premature loss of the growth plate likely a result of reduced proliferation and accelerated hypertrophic differentiation of chondrocytes. Cell shape and columnar orientation in the growth plate were also disrupted suggesting a defect in the process of rotation. Alterations in chondrocyte rotation were accompanied by disruption of the actin cytoskeleton and alterations in the localization of activated FAK to focal adhesion-like structures on chondrocytes. This is the first report indicating a role for IFT and primary cilia in the development of the post-natal growth plate. The results suggest a model in which IFT/cilia act to maintain the columnar organization of the growth plate via the process of chondrocyte rotation. 相似文献
68.
69.
Genome-wide transcriptional profiling of the cyclic AMP-dependent signaling pathway during morphogenic transitions of Candida albicans
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Eukaryotic cell》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Candida albicans is an opportunistic human fungal pathogen that causes systemic candidiasis as well as superficial mucosal candidiasis. In response to the host environment, C. albicans transitions between yeast and hyphal forms. In particular, hyphal growth is important in facilitating adhesion and invasion of host tissues, concomitant with the expression of various hypha-specific virulence factors. In previous work, we showed that the cyclic AMP (cAMP) signaling pathway plays a crucial role in morphogenic transitions and virulence of C. albicans by studying genes encoding adenylate cyclase-associated protein (CAP1) and high-affinity phosphodiesterase (PDE2) (Y. S. Bahn, J. Staab, and P. Sundstrom, Mol. Microbiol. 50:391-409, 2003; and Y. S. Bahn and P. Sundstrom, J. Bacteriol. 183:3211-3223, 2001). However, little is known about the downstream targets of the cAMP signaling pathway that are responsible for morphological transitions and the expression of virulence factors. Here, microarrays were probed with RNA from strains with hypoactive (cap1/cap1 null mutant), hyperactive (pde2/pde2 null mutant), and wild-type cAMP signaling pathways to provide insight into the molecular mechanisms of virulence that are regulated by cAMP and that are related to the morphogenesis of C. albicans. Genes controlling metabolic specialization, cell wall structure, ergosterol/lipid biosynthesis, and stress responses were modulated by cAMP during hypha formation. Phenotypic traits predicted to be regulated by cAMP from the profiling results correlated with the relative strengths of the mutants when tested for resistance to azoles and subjected to heat shock stress and oxidative/nitrosative stress. The results from this study provide important insights into the role of the cAMP signaling pathway not only in morphogenic transitions of C. albicans but also for adaptation to stress and for survival during host infections. 相似文献
70.
Dominique R. Smith Daniel J. Margul Courtney M. Dumont Mitchell A. Carlson Mary K. Munsell Mitchell Johnson Brian J. Cummings Aileen J. Anderson Lonnie D. Shea 《Biotechnology and bioengineering》2019,116(1):155-167
Spinal cord injury (SCI) results in paralysis below the injury and strategies are being developed that support axonal regrowth, yet recovery lags, in part, because many axons are not remyelinated. Herein, we investigated strategies to increase myelination of regenerating axons by overexpression of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-AA and noggin either alone or in combination in a mouse SCI model. Noggin and PDGF-AA have been identified as factors that enhance recruitment and differentiation of endogenous progenitors to promote myelination. Lentivirus encoding for these factors was delivered from a multichannel bridge, which we have previously shown creates a permissive environment and supports robust axonal growth through channels. The combination of noggin+PDGF enhanced total myelination of regenerating axons relative to either factor alone, and importantly, enhanced functional recovery relative to the control condition. The increase in myelination was consistent with an increase in oligodendrocyte-derived myelin, which was also associated with a greater density of cells of an oligodendroglial lineage relative to each factor individually and control conditions. These results suggest enhanced myelination of regenerating axons by noggin+PDGF that act on oligodendrocyte-lineage cells post-SCI, which ultimately led to improved functional outcomes. 相似文献