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41.
Gideon Coster Ayala Gold Darlene Chen David G. Schatz Michal Goldberg 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2012,287(43):36488-36498
The first step in V(D)J recombination is the formation of specific DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) by the RAG1 and RAG2 proteins, which form the RAG recombinase. DSBs activate a complex network of proteins termed the DNA damage response (DDR). A key early event in the DDR is the phosphorylation of histone H2AX around DSBs, which forms a binding site for the tandem BRCA1 C-terminal (tBRCT) domain of MDC1. This event is required for subsequent signal amplification and recruitment of additional DDR proteins to the break site. RAG1 bears a histone H2AX-like motif at its C terminus (R1Ct), making it a putative MDC1-binding protein. In this work we show that the tBRCT domain of MDC1 binds the R1Ct motif of RAG1. Surprisingly, we also observed a second binding interface between the two proteins that involves the Proline-Serine-Threonine rich (PST) repeats of MDC1 and the N-terminal non-core region of RAG1 (R1Nt). The repeats-R1Nt interaction is constitutive, whereas the tBRCT-R1Ct interaction likely requires phosphorylation of the R1Ct motif of RAG1. As the C terminus of RAG1 has been implicated in inhibition of RAG activity, we propose a model in which phosphorylation of the R1Ct motif of RAG1 functions as a self-initiated regulatory signal. 相似文献
42.
43.
P. Caris E. Smets K. De Coster L. P. Ronse De Craene 《Plant Systematics and Evolution》2006,257(3-4):223-232
The floral ontogeny of the Spurge olive (Cneorum tricoccon L.) is studied by means of scanning electron microscopic observations. Special attention is paid to the sequence of initiation
of the floral parts, the occurrence of septal cavities, and the development of the nectariferous tissue. The nectary disc
arises as a receptacular outgrowth below the ovary and independently from stamen development. By the extensive growth of this
voluminous androgynophore, stamen filaments become enclosed by nectary tissue and as a result, they are seated in pits between
the lobes of the disc. Between ovary and style, three lobes are present, which are covered with stomata – their function is
unknown. The significance of the unusual trimery of the flower is discussed. Floral developmental evidence supports a Rutalean
affinity, although more ontogenetic investigations are needed in Rutaceae, subfamily Spathelioideae. 相似文献
44.
Current phylogenetic tree reconstruction methods assume that there is a
single underlying tree topology for all sites along the sequence. The
presence of mosaic sequences due to recombination violates this assumption
and will cause phylogenetic methods to give misleading results due to the
imposition of a single tree topology on all sites. The detection of mosaic
sequences caused by recombination is therefore an important first step in
phylogenetic analysis. A graphical method for the detection of
recombination, based on the least squares method of phylogenetic
estimation, is presented here. This method locates putative recombination
breakpoints by moving a window along the sequence. The performance of the
method is assessed by simulation and by its application to a real data set.
相似文献
45.
We used the repetitive character of transposable elements to isolate a
non-LTR retrotransposon in Drosophila subobscura. bilbo, as we have called
it, has homology to TRIM and LOA elements. Sequence analysis showed a 5'
untranslated region (UTR), an open reading frame (ORF) with no RNA-binding
domains, a downstream ORF that had structural homology to that of the I
factor, and, finally, a 3' UTR which ended in several 5-nt repeats. The
results of our phylogenetic and structural analyses shed light on the
evolution of Drosophila non-LTR retrotransposons and support the hypothesis
that an ancestor of these elements was structurally complex.
相似文献
46.
47.
Variation of physico-chemical parameters along a river transect through the Okavango Delta,Botswana 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The Okavango Delta depends on water quantity and quality to sustain its ecosystem services. Whereas many studies have been carried out on its hydrology, few have been done on water quality in the delta. Water pH, electrical conductivity (EC), dissolved oxygen (DO), turbidity, total suspended solids (TSS) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) were monitored at 10 sites along the Okavango–Boro–Thamalakane–Lake Ngami system almost fortnightly from June 2008 to June 2010. Water quality in the delta was generally good, despite high evapotranspiration rates which would normally produce very saline waters. Electrical conductivity and water temperature increased with distance from Mohembo to Lake Ngami, the former most likely due to evapoconcentration. In contrast, pH, DO, turbidity and TSS decreased with distance from Mohembo to Boro at the lower end of the seasonal floodplain, before increasing again to Lake Ngami. Dissolved oxygen and TSS most likely declined due to biological uptake and particle sedimentation, respectively. Strong and significant relationships were observed between TSS and turbidity and between DOC and EC, indicating that turbidity and EC could be useful proxies for routine estimations of TSS and DOC, respectively, in the delta. 相似文献
48.
The suitability of using macroinvertebrates as bioindicators of stream water quality was tested in the Mkondoa River in an agricultural area at Kilosa, using the rapid bioassessment protocol. The family biotic index (FBI) showed marked variation in water quality along the stream from values ranging from 4.1 to 5.0 in the upstream reaches, indicating good water quality, 5.3 to 5.5 in the mid-reaches and 6.0 to 6.5 in the lower reaches. The water quality index (WQI) indicated that water quality was fair (77 ± 0.98) in the upstream reach of the Mkondoa, marginal (55 ± 0.86) in the midstream reach and poor (33 ± 0.45) in the downstream reach. There were significant relationships between biological oxygen demand and dissolved oxygen and the occurrence of specific taxa, mainly Chironomus and Caenis. Significant changes in macroinvertebrate abundance were mostly related to changes in water quality. As in other parts of the world, macroinvertebrate communities proved to be good biological indicators of water quality and they should be used as bioindicators in long-term monitoring of this river. 相似文献
49.
W Wouters R De Coster R W Tuman C R Bowden J Bruynseels H Vanderpas P Van Rooy W K Amery P A Janssen 《Journal of steroid biochemistry》1989,34(1-6):427-430
R 76713 is a new non-steroidal compound which inhibits aromatase in vitro and in vivo with a potency of at least 1000-fold that of aminoglutethimide. In male cynomolgus monkeys peripheral conversion of labeled androstenedione to estrone is decreased by 85%, 4-5 h after a single intravenous dose of 0.003 mg/kg of R 76713, without altering steroid metabolic clearance rates. In rats fed a sodium-depleted diet for 3 weeks, plasma levels of aldosterone and plasma renin activity remain unchanged 2 h after a single oral dose of up to 20 mg/kg of R 76713. This confirms previous data on the selectivity of R 76713 for aromatase inhibition as compared to inhibition of other enzymes involved in steroid biosynthesis. In male volunteers, a single oral dose of 5 or 10 mg of R 76713 lowers median plasma estradiol levels from 70 pM to the detection limit of the assay (30 pM) 4 and 8 h after intake, whereas no important changes are detected after placebo administration. In 15 premenopausal female volunteers receiving a single oral dose of 20 mg of R 76713, mean plasma estradiol levels decrease from 415 pM (before) to 179, 149 and 185 pM respectively 4, 8 and 24 h after intake whereas they remain above 380 pM after placebo (n = 7). 相似文献
50.
Résumé An cours de l'année 1967, nous avons fait l'étude qualitative et quantitative des gastéropodes présents dans un terrain marécageux aux environs de Gand (Belgique). Deux fois par mois des échantillons de sédiment ont été prélevés ainsi qu'un volume déterminé de végétation infralittorale (Elodea canadensis Rich. etCeratophyllum demersum L.). Les facteurs abiotiques du milieu (température, pH, chloronité, oxygène dissous matières organiques) furent suivis tout le long de l'année.Des techniques ont été mises au point tant pour le prélèvement que pour le tirage rapide des échantillons.En ce qui concerne es sédiments nous avons noté, sur 19 espèces trouvées, une dominance marquée des Lymnaeidae sur les Planorbidae.Dans la végétation infralittorale, sur les 17 espèces présentées, 6 sont importantes du point de vue quantitatif (Lymnaea palustris Müll.,L. stagnalis L.,Planorbis corneus L.,Anisus planorbis L.,A. vortex L., andA. contortus L.). Leur distribution quantitative dans les 2 types de plantes aquatiques, leur division en classes de grandeur, et leur longévité sont discutées. 相似文献