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651.
Constantin Regel 《Plant Systematics and Evolution》1948,95(1):102-123
Ohne ZusammenfassungDer folgende Artikel hätte in den Beiheften zum Botanischen Centralblatt erscheinen sollen, war auch schon gesetzt worden, sein Erscheinen wurde dann aber durch die Kriegsereignisse verhindert. 相似文献
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Anna I. Koukkou Demokritos Tsoukatos Constantin Drainas 《FEMS microbiology letters》1993,111(2-3):171-175
Abstract Ergosterol, lanosterol and two further unidentified sterols were detected and quantified in Schizosaccharomyces pombe cell extracts. In cells grown under anaerobic conditions, the levels of these sterols were dramatically reduced with a concomitant increase of their squaline precursor as compared with cells growing under aerobic conditions. Presence of ethanol resulted in a decrease in the sterol content under aerobic conditions. On the contrary, under anaerobic conditions presence of ethanol resulted in a three-fold increase of total sterols. Lanosterol was the main constituent of this elevation. It is suggested that lanosterol in parallel with unsaturated fatty acids is responsible for maintaining membrane integrity of S. pombe cells growing in the presence of ethanol. 相似文献
655.
Pim Cuijpers Clara Miguel Mathias Harrer Constantin Yves Plessen Marketa Ciharova David Ebert Eirini Karyotaki 《World psychiatry》2023,22(1):105-115
Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) is by far the most examined type of psychological treatment for depression and is recommended in most treatment guidelines. However, no recent meta-analysis has integrated the results of randomized trials examining its effects, and its efficacy in comparison with other psychotherapies, pharmacotherapies and combined treatment for depression remains uncertain. We searched PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase and the Cochrane Library to identify studies on CBT, and separated included trials into several subsets to conduct random-effects meta-analyses. We included 409 trials (518 comparisons) with 52,702 patients, thus conducting the largest meta-analysis ever of a specific type of psychotherapy for a mental disorder. The quality of the trials was found to have increased significantly over time (with increasing numbers of trials with low risk of bias, less waitlist control groups, and larger sample sizes). CBT had moderate to large effects compared to control conditions such as care as usual and waitlist (g=0.79; 95% CI: 0.70-0.89), which remained similar in sensitivity analyses and were still significant at 6-12 month follow-up. There was no reduction of the effect size of CBT according to the publication year (<2001 vs. 2001-2010 vs. >2011). CBT was significantly more effective than other psychotherapies, but the difference was small (g=0.06; 95% CI: 0-0.12) and became non-significant in most sensitivity analyses. The effects of CBT did not differ significantly from those of pharmacotherapies at the short term, but were significantly larger at 6-12 month follow-up (g=0.34; 95% CI: 0.09-0.58), although the number of trials was small, and the difference was not significant in all sensitivity analyses. Combined treatment was more effective than pharmacotherapies alone at the short (g=0.51; 95% CI: 0.19-0.84) and long term (g=0.32; 95% CI: 0.09-0.55), but it was not more effective than CBT alone at either time point. CBT was also effective as unguided self-help intervention (g=0.45; 95% CI: 0.31-0.60), in institutional settings (g=0.65; 95% CI: 0.21-1.08), and in children and adolescents (g=0.41; 95% CI: 0.25-0.57). We can conclude that the efficacy of CBT in depression is documented across different formats, ages, target groups, and settings. However, the superiority of CBT over other psychotherapies for depression does not emerge clearly from this meta-analysis. CBT appears to be as effective as pharmacotherapies at the short term, but more effective at the longer term. 相似文献
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Abstract Extracts of Zymomonas mobilis in the presence of NADPH converted tritium-labelled farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) into squalene, resulting from the activity of squalene synthase, as well as diploptene and diplopterol, derived from further squalene cyclisation. An unidentified isoprenoid representing up to 70% of the conversion products of FPP and different from presqualene alcohol was also formed, even in the absence of NADPH. Addition of squalestatin 1, an inhibitor of squalene synthase, blocked biosynthesis from FPP of the three former triterpenes, in accordance with the role of squalene synthase in their formation, as well as that of the unknown compound. 相似文献
657.
Gyrgy Cska Anik Hirka Serap Mutun Milka Glavendeki gnes Mik Levente Szcs Mrton Paulin Csaba Bla Etvs Csaba Gspr Mariann Csepelnyi gnes Sznsi Milivoj Franjevi Yuri Gninenko Mirza Dautbai Osman Muzejinovi Milan Zúbrik Constantin Netoiu Andrei Buzatu Flavius Blcenoiu Maja Jurc Duan Jurc Iris Bernardinelli Jean‐Claude Streito Dimitrios Avtzis Boris Hraovec 《Agricultural and Forest Entomology》2020,22(1):61-74
- The North American oak lace bug feeds on leaves of ‘white oaks” in its native range. In Europe, it was first discovered in northern Italy in 2000. In recent years, it has subsequently spread rapidly and population outbreaks have been observed in several European countries. In the present study, we summarize the steps of its expansion.
- To predict its potential host range, we checked 48 oak species in 20 sentinel gardens in seven countries between 2013 and 2018.
- In total, 27 oak species were recorded as suitable hosts; 13 of them are globally new ones, 23 out of the 29 in section Quercus (~ white oaks, an intrageneric taxonomic unit within genus Quercus), including Asian oaks, native to Japan, Korea and China, and four out of five in section Cerris (another intrageneric unit of the same genus), were accepted as hosts. None of the species in section Lobatae (red oaks) or in the Ilex group was accepted.
- Host records were also collected in forest stands of 10 countries. We found 11 oak species that were infested. Outbreak populations were most commonly found on Quercus robur, Quercus frainetto, Quercus petraea and Quercus cerris, comprising widespread and outstandingly important oaks species in Europe.
- Based on our findings, we conclude that suitable hosts for oak lace bug are present in most of Europe and Asia. This means that a lack of hosts will likely not restrict further range expansion.
658.
Instant coffee extract with high chlorogenic acids content inhibits hepatic G‐6‐Pase in vitro,but does not reduce the glycaemia 下载免费PDF全文
Bruna Kempfer Bassoli Priscila Cassolla Glaucia Regina Borba‐Murad Jorgete Constantin Clairce Luzia Salgueiro‐Pagadigorria Roberto Barbosa Bazotte Helenir Medri de Souza 《Cell biochemistry and function》2015,33(4):183-187
Coffee is the main source of chlorogenic acid in the human diet, and it contains several chlorogenic acid isomers, of which the 5‐caffeoylquinic acid (5‐CQA) is the predominant isomer. Because there are no available data about the action of chlorogenic acids from instant coffee on hepatic glucose‐6‐phosphatase (G‐6‐Pase) activity and blood glucose levels, these effects were investigated in rats. The changes on G‐6‐Pase activity and liver glucose output induced by 5‐CQA were also investigated. Instant coffee extract with high chlorogenic acids content (37.8%) inhibited (p < 0.05) the G‐6‐Pase activity of the hepatocyte microsomal fraction in a dose‐dependent way (up to 53), but IV administration of this extract did not change the glycaemia (p > 0.05). Similarly, 5‐CQA (1 mM) reduced (p < 0.05) the activity of microsomal G‐6‐Pase by about 40%, but had no effect (p > 0.05) on glucose output arising from glycogenolysis in liver perfusion. It was concluded that instant coffee extract with high content of chlorogenic acids inhibited hepatic G‐6‐Pase in vitro, but failed to reduce the glycaemia probably because the coffee chlorogenic acids did not reach enough levels within the hepatocytes to inhibit the G‐6‐Pase and reduce the liver glucose output. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Comparative distribution of nitric oxide synthase- and serotonin-containing neurons in the raphe nuclei of four mammalian species 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
L. Léger Yves Charnay Sophie Burlet Nadine Gay Nicolas Schaad Constantin Bouras Raymond Cespuglio 《Histochemistry and cell biology》1998,110(5):517-525
Monoclonal antibodies were generated against serotonin (5-HT) and the C-terminal portion of the neuronal form of nitric oxide
synthase (nNOS), the enzyme producing nitric oxide in neurons. These antibodies were used to compare the distribution of 5-HT-
and nNOS-containing neurons in the raphe nuclei of four animal species (rat, mouse, guinea pig, and cat). It was found that
the rat was the only species in which the raphe nuclei contain a substantial number of nNOS-immunoreactive (IR) cell bodies.
In this species and as observed by other authors, all mesencephalic raphe nuclei contained nNOS-IR cells, the largest group
being located in the nucleus raphe dorsalis. The coexistence of nNOS and 5-HT immunoreactivities in these nuclei was visualized
by double labeling. In the medulla, the nuclei raphe magnus and obscurus displayed a rather low number of nNOS-IR neurons.
In the other species, nNOS-IR cell bodies were found in very low numbers, whatever raphe nucleus was considered. The rostral
pole of the nucleus raphe dorsalis and the nuclei raphe magnus and obscurus contained a few nNOS-IR neurons which did not
show any coincidence with the 5-HT neurons. In addition, nNOS-IR axons were rare. It is concluded that in the mouse, guinea
pig, and cat the involvement of nitric oxide in functions subserved by 5-HT within the raphe nuclei might be minimal.
Accepted: 5 May 1998 相似文献